Trachythorax illaesa ( Redtenbacher, 1908 ), 1893

Bresseel, Joachim & Constant, Jérôme, 1893, Review of the Oriental stick insect genus Trachythorax Redtenbacher, 1908 with two new species from Vietnam and comments on egg parasitism and morphological counteradaptations (Phasmida, Lonchodidae, Necrosciinae), Belgian Journal of Entomology 120, pp. 1-56 : 37

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13271854
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B2191E3C-3153-FFAB-FEF1-FF37FB4147EC
treatment provided by	Felipe (2024-08-08 14:59:36, last updated by Guilherme 2024-08-09 10:58:59)
scientific name	Trachythorax illaesa ( Redtenbacher, 1908 )
status	stat. rev.

Treatment

Trachythorax illaesa ( Redtenbacher, 1908) View in CoL stat. rev. comb. nov.

( Figs 25–26 View Fig View Fig )

Necroscia illaesa REDTENBACHER, 1908: 564 View in CoL [described].

Trachythorax maculicollis View in CoL – BROCK & DELFOSSE, 2005: 52 [Pantel collection, synonymy]. — OTTE & BROCK, 2005: 336 [catalogued]. — SEOW-CHOEN, 2017: 88 [as synonym of maculicollis View in CoL ]. — DELFOSSE et al., 2019: 205 [catalogued].

MATERIAL EXAMINED. TYPE MATERIAL. (examined from photographs – Fig. 25 A View Fig ) INDIA: HT ♂: Shenbagan., VIII.00, N° 3 P. Decoly, MNHN-EO-PHAS800 ( MNHN) .

PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORDS. INDIA: 1 ♂ ( Fig. 25 B View Fig ): Karnataka State, Mangalore , IX.2018, Jitesh Pai; mating pair ( Fig. 25 E View Fig ): Karnataka State, Puttur, X.2018, Abhijith A.P.C.; mating pair ( Fig. 25 F View Fig ) and eggs: Karnataka State, Agumbe, X.2020, Vishwanath Gowda; eggs: Maharashtra state, Mumbai, Nagla trail, 2018, Prajwal Ullal; mating pair and eggs ( Figs 25 D View Fig , 26 View Fig ): Maharashtra State, Amboli, 2016 & 2020, Varad B. Giri .

SRI LANKA: mating pair ( Fig. 25 C View Fig ): Matale, Laggala-Pallegama, 13.IV.2018, iNaturalist user Pieterprins https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/37204645.

COMMENTS. Necroscia illaesa was described based on a single male by REDTENBACHER (1908). BROCK & DELFOSSE (2005) synonymised the species under Trachythorax maculicollis . The holotype male ( Fig. 25 A View Fig ) differs considerably from the male of T. maculicollis . It lacks the conspicuous pattern on the pro- and mesonotum (by which it also differs from T. yunnanensis ), has a yellow membrane between the head and pronotum and has a conspicuous mediolongitudinal black line on the mesonotum. Thus, it is hereby reinstated as a valid species with the new combination Trachythorax illaesa stat. rev. comb. nov. The species was previously only known from male specimens, but photographic records of mating pairs and eggs have revealed the female and the egg deposition method ( Figs 25 C–F View Fig , 26 A View Fig ).

SUPPLEMENTARY DESCRIPTIONS

FEMALE

Females much resemble males and have a light brown ground colour. The head has a pair of small black spots between the eyes followed by a short mediolongitudinal line; sides of head with black postocular stripe. Pronotum with anterior margin yellow and with a black spot anteromedially; prozona with a pair of black elongate stripes submedially: metazona as prozona: posterior margin with black spot medially. Mesonotum with distinct black mediolongitudinal line not reaching the posterior margin; anterior half with a pair of elongate black markings submedially; strong anteroapical carina parallel to posterior margin followed by a distinct red transverse crescent. Wings brown with dark and lighter mottling, almost reaching the apex of the abdomen in females. The legs are banded light and dark brown, bands less distinct in males.

EGGS ( Figs 26 B–D View Fig , 32 C–E View Fig ).

The eggs of T. illaesa are deposited in groups with the specialised structures of the opercular collar folded against the capsule ( Fig. 26 A–B View Fig ); they fold open shortly after egg laying to form an almost completely sealed egg-case ( Fig. 26 C–D View Fig ). Egg capsule ovoid, with polar area glued to other eggs or to a surface. Opercular collar with two large lateral trapezoidal flaps and two small triangular lateroventral flaps. Lateral margins of flaps paler and distinctly toothed. Operculum more or less oval with rounded tubercle subcentrally ( Fig. 26 C–D View Fig ).

DISTRIBUTION. Southeast India (Karnataka and Maharashtra states), Sri Lanka.

References

BROCK P. D. & DELFOSSE E., 2005. - A list of Pantel's phasmid type material in the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (Phasmida). Revue francaise d'entomologie (nouvelle serie), 27 (2): 49 - 56.

DELFOSSE E., CLIQUENNOIS N., DEPRAETERE M. & ROBILLARD T., 2019. - Catalogue des types de la collection de phasmes du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle de Paris (Insecta, Phasmatodea). Zoosystema, 41 (11): 181 - 235.

OTTE D. & BROCK P. D., 2005. - Phasmida Species File. Catalog of Stick and Leaf Insects of the world, 2 nd Edition. The Insect Diversity Association and the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 414 pp.

REDTENBACHER J., 1908. - Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden. III. Phasmidae Anareolatae (Phibalosomini, Acrophyllini, Necrosciini). Verlag Engelmann, Leipzig, 3: 339 - 589.

SEOW-CHOEN F., 2017. - A taxonomic guide to the stick insects of Singapore. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu, 165 pp.

Figures

Fig. 25. Trachythorax illaesa (Redtenbacher, 1908) stat. rev. comb. nov. A, HT ♂, dorsal view and labels. © MNHN. B, ♂, Karnataka State, Mangalore, IX.2018. © Jitesh Pai. C–F, mating pairs. C, Matale, Laggala- Pallegama, Sri Lanka. 3.iv.2018. © Pieter Prins, iNaturalist, observations/37204645. D, Maharashtra State, Amboli, 2020. © Varad Giri. E, Karnataka State, Puttur, X.2018. © Abhijith APC. F, Karnataka State, Agumbe, X.2020. © Vishwanath Gowda.

Fig. 26. Trachythorax illaesa (Redtenbacher, 1908) stat. rev., comb. nov., Maharashtra State, Amboli, 2016. © Varad Giri. A, egg laying ♀ with ♂ attached. B, freshly laid eggs. C–D, eggs after 10 hours.

Fig. 32. Trachythorax spp. Egg forms and parasites A–B, Trachythorax maculicollis (Westwood, 1848). A, egg clutch with parasitoid wasp, Ankor Wat, Cambodia, 24.XI.2013. © P. Bertner. B, Con Dao Island, Vietnam, 2012. © B. Kneubühler. C–F, Trachythorax illaesa (Redtenbacher, 1908) stat. rev. comb. nov. C, Agumbe, Karnataka state, X.2020. © V. Gowda. D–F, hatched eggs with parasitoid wasp, Nagla trail, Mumbai, Maharashtra state, 2018. © Prajwal Ullal. G–H, Trachythorax albomaculatus sp. nov. © B. Kneubühler.