Jupiaba paranatinga, Netto-Ferreira, André L., Zanata, Angela M., Birindelli, José L. O. & Sousa, Leandro M., 2009

Netto-Ferreira, André L., Zanata, Angela M., Birindelli, José L. O. & Sousa, Leandro M., 2009, Two new species of Jupiaba (Characiformes: Characidae) from the rio Tapajós and rio Madeira drainages, Brazil, with an identification key to species of the genus, Zootaxa 2262, pp. 53-68 : 59-64

Jupiaba paranatinga , new species

Fig. 5

Holotype. MZUSP 100855 (37.4 mm SL), Brazil, Mato Grosso, Paranaíta, rio Teles Pires, Tapajós drainage, near the ferryboat at the road MT-416, 09°27'07"S, 56°30'46"W, 27 September 2007, L.M. Sousa & A.L. Netto-Ferreira.

Paratypes. All from Brazil (Tapajós drainage): MZUSP 95720 (23, 33.0– 37.6 mm SL, 3 c&s, 34.1–37.6 mm SL), ANSP 189253 (2, 30.3– 28.1 mm SL), INPA 32918 (2, 32.7–33.8 mm SL), MNRJ 33337 (2, 30.6– 26.6 mm SL), collected with holotype; MZUSP 95955 (6, 27.6– 22.5 mm SL), Mato Grosso, Itaúba, rio Teles Pires, 10°58’30”S, 55°44’03”W, 0 1 October 2007, J.L. O. Birindelli & P. Hollanda-Carvalho; MZUSP 95956 (13, 31.2–23.0 mm SL), Mato Grosso, Itaúba, rio Teles Pires, 11°03’44”S, 55°19’08”W, 26 September 2007, J. L. O. Birindelli & P. Hollanda-Carvalho; MZUSP 96208 (13, 35.9– 27.4 mm SL), Mato Grosso, Paranaíta, rio Teles Pires, groove on the right side of the island in rio Teles Pires, 09°27’31”S, 56°29’19”W, 30 September 2007, L. M. Sousa & A. L. Netto-Ferreira; MZUSP 96251 (3, 30.8– 26.3 mm SL), Mato Grosso, Paranaíta, remnants of mining pools at the left riverbank at rio Teles Pires, 09°25’44”S, 56°32’36”W, 30 September 2007, L.M. Sousa & A.L. Netto-Ferreira. MZUSP 96065 (4, 29.9– 24.4 mm SL), Pará, Jacareacanga, rio Teles Pires downstream of the Sete Quedas rapids, 09°19’01”S, 56 °46’47”W, 26 September 2007, L.M. Sousa & A.L. Netto-Ferreira. MZUSP 99938 (17, 17.6–30.6 mm SL), Pará, Jacareacanga, rio Teles Pires downstream of the Sete Quedas rapids, 09°20’38”S, 56 °46’42”W, 10 June 2008, L.M. Sousa & A.L. Netto-Ferreira; MNRJ 33487 (5, 23.8–31.9 mm SL), Mato Grosso, Alta Floresta, sandy beach on Ilha Ariosto, rio Teles Pires, 09º38'02"S, 55º56'15"W, 0 3 October 2008, L. de Fries, F. Carvalho & S. Hartz; MNRJ 33488 (42, 20.7–30.7 mm SL), Mato Grosso, Alta Floresta, sandy beach on Ilha Ariosto, rio Teles Pires, 09º38'03"S, 55º56'17"W, 0 3 October 2008, F. Becker & J. Gomes; MNRJ 33486 (1, 26.7 mm SL), Pará, Novo Progresso, Riozinho das Arraias, tributary of rio Jamanxim, Tapajós drainage, near the ferryboat on ponte da balsa na BR-163, 06º23'21"S, 55º34'15"W, 30 September 2008, J. Maldonado-Ocampo, C.C. Chamon, P.A. Buckup, C. Zawadski, V. Felzman, P. Souto, J. Dozeleia & J. Gomes

Diagnosis. Jupiaba paranatinga is distinguished from J. acanthogaster , J. atypindi , J. keithi , J. maroniensis , J. meunieri , J. minor , J. pinnata and J. poekotero by having teeth with central cusp distinctly larger than lateral cusps and dentary teeth abruptly decreasing in size posteriorly (vs. teeth cusps similar in size and dentary teeth decreasing gradually posteriorly). Jupiaba paranatinga differs from J. abramoides , J. anteroides , J. apenima , J. asymmetrica , J. pirana , J. polylepis , J. poranga , J. potaroensis , J. yarina , and J. zonata by having 34–35 lateral line scales (vs. 39–66). The new species can be distinguished from J. iasy and J. mucronata by having two vertically elongated humeral blotches, the first and most conspicuous encompassing the scales 3 to 6 of the lateral line series (vs. one longitudinally elongated humeral blotch in J. mucronata and one vertically elongated humeral blotch encompassing the first 5 to 7 lateral line scales in J. iasy ). Jupiaba paranatinga differs from J. elassonaktis , J. essequibensis , and J. scologaster by the presence of a conspicuous caudal spot at the end of caudal peduncle, extending over 8–10 median caudal-fin rays (vs. caudal spot absent in J. scologaster and inconspicuous in J. elassonaktis and J. essequibensis ). The new species is further distinguished from J. scologaster by its lower number of branched anal-fin rays (18–20 vs. 21–22) and relatively lower body depth (31.3–35.5% vs. 34.9–42.1%), from J. essequibensis by its larger orbital diameter (43.7–46.9% vs. 38.5–44.0%), and from J. elassonaktis by various morphometric characters, including lower body depth (31.1–33.5% vs. 37.7–38.9%), longer caudal peduncle (12.1–13.0% vs. 10.4– 11.2%), narrower interorbital distance (27.2–29.3% vs. 32.2–33.5%), and longer upper jaw (38.9–41.1% vs. 35.0–37.6%).

Description. Morphometric data of the holotype and paratypes in Table 2 . Body compressed, moderately elongate. Greatest body depth at dorsal-fin origin. Dorsal profile of head convex from upper lip to tip of supraoccipital spine, somewhat straight from that point to dorsal-fin origin, slightly convex along dorsal-fin base, straight from terminus of dorsal fin to adipose-fin origin, and distinctly concave from adipose fin to anteriormost dorsal caudal-fin procurrent ray. Ventral profile of head and body convex from lower lip to joint of branchial membranes, concave from that point to anterior tip of pelvic-fin spine, convex from latter point to anal-fin origin, somewhat straight along anal-fin base, and distinctly concave from terminus of anal fin to anteriormost ventral caudal-fin procurrent ray.

Jaws equal, mouth terminal. Posterior terminus of maxilla reaching slightly beyond vertical through anterior margin of orbit. Teeth somewhat robust, central cusps distinctly larger than lateral ones. Premaxillary teeth in two rows ( Fig. 6 ); outer row with 3 (3) or 4 (1) teeth bearing 3 to 5 cusps; inner row with 5 (4) asymmetrical teeth, bearing four, six or seven cusps; symphyseal tooth of inner series comparatively small, asymmetrical, with four cusps on anteromedial side. Maxilla with 2 (1), 3 (1) or 4 (2) teeth bearing three or five cusps; anteriormost tooth usually the largest. Dentary with 5 (4) larger teeth plus 6–11 smaller ones; medial teeth with 5 to 7 cusps, posterior ones tricuspid or conic; symphyseal tooth symmetrical, with shape and number of cusps similar to the other four lateral large teeth. Dentary teeth robust, decreasing abruptly in size and number of cusps posterior to the fifth tooth. First gill arch with 2 (1) or 3 (2) hypobranchial, 7 (4) ceratobranchial, 1 (4) on cartilage between ceratobranchial and epibranchial, and 6 (1) or 7 (4) epibranchial gill-rakers. Branchiostegal rays 4 (4).

Scales cycloid, circuli restricted to anterior covered area of scales, with few (around 2) slightly divergent radii extending to posterior margin of scales. Lateral line slightly curved ventrally, with 34* (8) or 35 (5) perforated scales continuous from supracleithrum to base of caudal fin. Six (16) longitudinal scale rows between dorsal-fin origin and lateral line and four (16) rows between lateral line and pelvic-fin insertion. Scales along middorsal line between tip of supraoccipital spine and origin of dorsal fin 9 (5), 10* (8), or 11 (3). Fourteen (16) horizontal scale rows around caudal peduncle. Single row of 5–6 scales covering base of anterior most anal-fin rays.

Pectoral-fin rays i, 12 (2), 13* (7), or 14 (7). Tip of pectoral fin reaching vertical through pelvic-fin origin. Pelvic-fin rays i, 7 (16). Pelvic bones modified into short spines with anterior portion diverging and usually not protruding through body wall; in some specimens only the tip of the spines are protruded. Supraneurals 4 (2) or 5 (2) anterior to 4th (2) or 5th (2) to 8th centra, dorsal portion enlarged. Dorsal-fin rays ii, 9 (16). First dorsal-fin pterygiophore inserting posterior to neural spine of 8th (4) centrum. Distal margin of dorsal fin straight to slightly concave when extended. Dorsal-fin origin situated slightly anterior to middle of standard length. Base of last dorsal-fin ray positioned slightly anterior to vertical through anal-fin origin. Anal-fin rays iii or iv, 18* (3), 19 (5), or 20 (8). Distal margin of anal fin distinctly concave. First anal-fin pterygiophore inserting ahead of haemal spine of 15th (2) or 16th (2) centrum. Adipose fin present. Caudal fin forked, lobes slightly tipped, similar in size. Principal caudal-fin rays 10+9 (16). Dorsal procurrent caudal-fin rays 11 (1) or 12 (3) and ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays 10 (3) or 11 (1). Fifteen (2) or 16 (2) precaudal and 18 (4) caudal vertebrae.

n Holotype Mean Range SD

Standard Length (mm) 16 37.4 35.3 33.0 - 37.6 Percentages of SL

Color in alcohol. Ground color yellowish. Dense dark pigmentation in upper lip, extending dorsally to the epiphyseal bar. Parietals poorly pigmented, posterior border of supraoccipital pigmented. Maxilla with very few scattered dark chromatophores near its articulation with premaxilla. Antorbital and first infraorbital pigmented, third infraorbital with few patches of dark chromatophores below eye, and second and fourth infraorbital with scarce pigmentation near laterosensory canal. Opercle, fifth and sixth infraorbitals with scattered dark chromatophores on its dorsal portion. Supracleithrum, posttemporal and epioccipital area pigmented with small dark chromatophores. Ventral portion of head scarcely pigmented, with small dark chromatophores from lower lip to the posterior border of the dentary symphysis. Guanine deposits only in the infraorbitals, opercular bones and branchiostegal rays.

Middorsal scale row and adjacent series with small dark chromatophores distributed over posterior border of scales, leaving its anterocentral portion lighter. Dorsolateral scales with few dark chromatophores, more abundant over posterior border of scales.

Two humeral blotches present. First blotch vertically elongate, encompassing first 3 to 6 lateral line scales, extending vertically through four longitudinal scale series above lateral line and two below it. Ventral portion of humeral blotch anteroventrally inclined, strongly conspicuous at the three first series above the lateral line. Humeral blotch anterior and posteriorly bordered by pale areas. A second dark, faded blotch, posterior to pale area, extends from first 10 to 11 lateral line scales (or 3 scales posteriorly from the rear of first humeral blotch), and extends vertically from first to third scale series above lateral line. Dark chromatophores concentrated over dorsolateral scales above lateral line, forming an inconspicuous longitudinal stripe extending from vertical through dorsal fin origin (on rear portion of second humeral blotch) to caudal-peduncle blotch. A conspicuous blotch on caudal peduncle covering scales on the base of caudal-fin median rays, and extending to proximal portion of 8–10 median rays. Dark pigmentation along median to distal portion on intervening membranes near dorsal and ventral borders of caudal-fin rays. Ventrolateral scales of body with few dark chromatophores or completely pale, except for area above anal-fin base with more concentrated dark chromatophores. Myosepta near horizontal septum with chevron-shaped pigmentation.

Dorsal fin with dark pigmentation along anterior and posterior borders of rays and intervening membranes. Anal fin hyaline, except by a faint stripe on median portion of intervening membranes positioned between last unbranched ray to first three or four branched anterior rays, and extending posteriorly onto distal portion of the remaining branched rays. Tissue covering anal-fin pterygiophores and muscles scarcely pigmented. Pectoral fin with few dark chromatophores distributed along the borders of rays; unbranched ray more pigmented than the others. Pelvic fin hyaline. Adipose fin hyaline or with very few dark chromatophores on distal border.

Sexual dimorphism. Bony hooks on fins or other dimorphic characters absent in all examined specimens of Jupiaba paranatinga .

Geographic distribution. Jupiaba paranatinga is known from rio Teles Pires, which joins the rio Juruena to form the rio Tapajós, from Jacareacanga (southern Pará State) to Itaúba (northern Mato Grosso State).

Ecological notes. Specimens of Jupiaba paranatinga were caught in sandy beaches at the main canal of rio Teles Pires, during the dry season, when the river water was clear. Analysis of the stomach contents of four c&s paratypes (34.1–37.6 mm SL) revealed presence of mayfly nymphs, chironomid larvae, sediment, and plant fragments. Jupiaba paranatinga seems to feed on the bottom, but with a slight tendency to omnivory.

Etymology. From the Tupi language paranatinga , in allusion to the type locality, rio Teles Pires, formerly known as rio Paranatinga (meaning “white river”), but then changed to its present name in honor of Capitão Antonio Lourenço Telles Pires, who drowned while exploring the headwaters of the river with Bakairi indians in 1889 ( Hemming, 2003). A noun in apposition.

Figures

FIGURE 5. Jupiaba paranatinga, holotype, MZUSP 100855, 37.4 mm SL, rio Teles Pires, Paranaíta, Mato Grosso State, Brazil.

FIGURE 6. Right upper and lower jaws of Jupiaba paranatinga, paratype, MZUSP 95720, 35.5 mm SL; lateral view, anterior to left. Scale bar 1 mm.

Tables

TABLE 2. Morphometric data for Jupiaba paranatinga, new species.

Depth at dorsal-fin origin	16 35.1	33.5	31.3	- 35.5	1.0
Snout to dorsal-fin origin	16 48.5	48.3	46.9	- 50.4	0.8
Snout to pectoral-fin origin	16 25.7	27.1	25.5	- 29.2	1.3
Snout to pelvic-fin origin	16 48.6	49.1	47.9	- 51.6	1.2
Snout to anal-fin origin	16 63.7	64.2	62.3	- 66.3	1.2
Caudal-peduncle depth	16 10.4	10.1	9.7	- 10.4	0.2
Caudal peduncle length	16 13.0	13.0	12.1	- 13.7	0.4
Pectoral-fin length	16 22.3	21.1	19.5	- 22.3	0.7
Pelvic-fin length	16 17.2	16.3	15.4	- 17.3	0.7
Pelvic-bone length	16 10.7	10.2	9.4	- 11.2	0.5
Dorsal-fin base length	16 14.9	14.2	13.2	- 14.9	0.5
Dorsal-fin depth	16 29.3	28.3	26.9	- 29.6	0.9
Anal-fin base length	16 28.0	27.8	26.6	- 30.1	0.8
Anal-fin lobe length	15 19.8	18.9	17.6	- 20.2	0.7
Eye to dorsal-fin origin	16 34.0	33.1	32.2	- 34.1	0.6
Dorsal-fin origin to caudal-fin base	16 55.7	55.0	53.2	- 56.9	1.0
Bony head length	16 26.9	26.4	25.3	- 27.3	0.5
Percentages of HL
Horizontal eye diameter	16 44.6	45.2	43.7	- 46.9	1.0
Snout length	16 27.7	26.7	25.1	- 28.8	0.9
Least interorbital distance	16 29.8	29.3	27.2	- 30.7	0.9
Upper jaw length	16 41.3	41.1	38.9	- 42.7	1.1