Jupiaba iasy, Netto-Ferreira, André L., Zanata, Angela M., Birindelli, José L. O. & Sousa, Leandro M., 2009

Netto-Ferreira, André L., Zanata, Angela M., Birindelli, José L. O. & Sousa, Leandro M., 2009, Two new species of Jupiaba (Characiformes: Characidae) from the rio Tapajós and rio Madeira drainages, Brazil, with an identification key to species of the genus, Zootaxa 2262, pp. 53-68 : 54-59

Jupiaba iasy , new species

Figs. 1–2

Holotype. MZUSP 100854 (1, 47.1 mm SL) Brazil, Mato Grosso, Paranaíta, sandy beach on the left riverbank of rio Teles Pires downstream of the Sete Quedas rapids, 09º20’38”S, 56º46’42”W, 10 June 2008, L.M. Sousa & A.L. Netto-Ferreira.

Paratypes. MZUSP 99990 (84, 35.8–46.8 mm SL), ANSP 189254 (5, 36.9–47.0 mm SL), INPA 32919 (5, 39.7–45.5 mm SL), MNRJ 33338 (5, 41.0– 45.1 mm SL), collected with holotype; all from Brazil, Mato Grosso: MZUSP 98675 (1, 45.6 mm SL), Paranaíta, sandy beach on the right riverbank of rio Teles Pires downstream of the Sete Quedas rapids, 09º19’28”S, 56º56’42”W, 16 January 2008, M.V. Loeb & A.L.M. Castro; MZUSP 99802 (5, 38.2–46.2 mm SL), Paranaíta, sandy beach on the left riverbank of rio Teles Pires downstream of the Sete Quedas rapids, 09º19’56”S, 56º46’33”W, 10 June 2008, L.M. Sousa & A.L. Netto- Ferreira; MZUSP 99782 (3, 39.2–43.3 mm SL), Aripuanã, Madeira drainage, rio Aripuanã, at Balneário Primavera, downstream Dardanelos falls, 10º09’54”S, 59º26’55”W, 12 December 2004, F.A. Machado, C.M.C. Leite, N.E. Silva & F. Rosa; MZUSP 100856 (39, 24.8–45.3 mm SL), Apiacás, sandy beach at rio Teles Pires, 08º50’48.8”S, 57º25’09.8”W, 2 December 2005, M. Carvalho, A. Datovo, F. Marques, M.R. Carvalho; MZUSP 97441 (21, 26.0– 40.1 mm SL, 4 c&s, 32.0– 40.1 mm SL), Pará, Novo Progresso, rio Jamanxim, Tapajós drainage, sandy beach close to Novo Progresso, 07°03’52”S, 55°26’28”W, 21 October 2007, J.L. O. Birindelli, L.M. Sousa, A.L. Netto-Ferreira, M.H. Sabaj Pérez, N. Lujan; MNRJ 33489 (1, 28.5 mm SL), Pará, Itaituba, left riverbank of rio Tapajós, near the Mirituba-Itaituba ferryboat, 04º16'25"S, 55º58'45"W, 27 September 2008, M. Britto, J. Maldonado-Ocampo, J. L. O. Birindelli, F. Jerep, C. Chamon, P. Buckup, C. Zawadski, F. Carvalho, L. de Fries & J. Gomes.

Diagnosis. Jupiaba iasy is distinguished from J. acanthogaster , J. atypindi , J. keithi , J. maroniensis , J. meunieri , J. minor , J. pinnata , and J. poekotero by having teeth with the central cusp distinctly larger than the lateral cusps and dentary teeth abruptly decreasing in size posteriorly (vs. teeth cusps similar in size and dentary teeth gradually decreasing in size posteriorly). The new species differs from J. abramoides , J. anteroides , J. apenima , J. asymmetrica , J. pirana , J. polylepis , J. poranga , J. potaroensis , J. yarina , and J. zonata by having 34–35 lateral line scales (vs. 39–66). It can be further distinguished from J. polylepis , by having 19–21 branched anal-fin rays, horizontal eye diameter 42.1–45.8% and clearer overall body scales (vs. 24–28 branched anal-fin rays, eye diameter 28.6–41.8%, and overall body darker). Jupiaba iasy can also be distinguished from J. elassonaktis , J. essequibensis , J. mucronata , and J. scologaster (as well as all the aforementioned species) by its color pattern that consists of a single posteriorly displaced dark moon-shaped and vertically elongated humeral blotch, encompassing the first 5 to 7 lateral line scales, extending vertically through four longitudinal scales series above lateral line and two series below it (vs. longitudinally elongated humeral blotch in J. mucronata , and two humeral blotches in J. essequibensis , J. elassonaktis , and J. scologaster ), and an inconspicuous dark spot over the proximal portion of the medial caudal fin rays (vs. caudal spot inconspicuous in J. essequibensis , and J. elassonaktis and completely absent in J. mucronata and J. scologaster ). Jupiaba iasy is distinguished from J. ocellata by having 19–21 branched anal-fin rays (vs. 23– 27), 8–10 predorsal scales arranged in a regular row (vs. 10–12, irregularly arranged), six longitudinal series of scales above lateral line (vs. 8–8,5), and four series below it (vs. 6–7), lower body depth (32.3–36.1%, X =34.1% SL vs. 36.4–50.0%, X =41.2% SL), and lack of filamentous first dorsal and anal-fin rays (vs. filamentous rays present).

Description. Morphometric data of holotype and paratypes in Table 1 . Lateral view of holotype and recently preserved specimen in Figures 1 and 2 , respectively. Body compressed, moderately elongate. Greatest body depth slightly anterior to dorsal-fin origin. Dorsal profile of head distinctly convex from upper lip to vertical through anterior nostrils, straight to slightly convex from that point to distal tip of supraoccipital spine. Body profile slightly convex from tip of supraoccipital spine to origin of dorsal-fin, straight along dorsal-fin base, somewhat straight from dorsal-fin base terminus to adipose-fin origin, and distinctly concave from that point to anteriormost dorsal caudal-fin procurrent ray. Ventral profile of head and body distinctly convex from lower lip to anal-fin origin; in some specimens nearly straight between anterior tip of pelvic-fin spine and anal-fin origin. Profile straight along base of anal fin and concave from anal-fin terminus to origin of anteriormost ventral caudal-fin procurrent ray.

Jaws equal, mouth terminal. Posterior terminus of maxilla reaching to or slightly beyond vertical through anterior margin of orbit. Teeth somewhat robust, central cusps distinctly larger than lateral ones. Premaxillary teeth in two rows ( Fig. 3 ); outer row with 3 (3) or 4 (1) tricuspid teeth; inner row with 5 (4) multicuspid teeth; symphyseal tooth pentacuspid, comparatively small, asymmetrical, with a single lateral cusp on anteromedial side; lateral teeth heptacuspid. Maxilla with 2 (4) tricuspid or conical teeth; anteriormost tooth usually the largest. Dentary with 6 (4) robust teeth, central cusp distinctly larger than lateral ones; medial teeth with 7 or 9 cusps; 7 (2) to 10 (1) distinctively smaller posterior teeth tricuspid or conical; symphyseal tooth similar to lateral ones. First gill arch with 2 (4) hypobranchial, 8 (4) ceratobranchial, 1 (4) on cartilage between ceratobranchial and epibranchial, and 7 (4) epibranchial gill-rakers. Branchiostegal rays 4 (4).

Scales cycloid, circuli restricted to anterior covered area of scales, with few (around 8) slightly divergent radii extending to posterior margin of scales. Lateral line slightly curved ventrally, with 34 (7), 35 (6) or 36* (3) perforated scales continuous from supracleithrum to base of caudal fin. Longitudinal scale rows between dorsal-fin origin and lateral line 6* (30). Longitudinal scale rows between lateral line and pelvic-fin origin 4* (30). Scales along middorsal line between tip of supraoccipital spine and origin of dorsal fin 8* (12), 9 (17) or 10 (1). Fourteen (30) circumpeduncular scales. Single row of 6* or 7 scales covering base of anterior most anal-fin rays.

n Holotype Mean Range SD

Standard Length (mm) 31 47.1 40.03 32.5 - 47.1 Percentages of SL

Pectoral-fin rays i, 12 (1), 13 (8), 14* (17) or 15 (4). Tip of pectoral fin not reaching vertical through pelvic-fin insertion. Pelvic-fin rays i, 7 (30). Spine-like pelvic-fin bones diverging anteriorly, usually not protruding through body wall. Supraneurals 4 (4), its dorsal portion enlarged, anterior to 5th to 8th centra. Dorsal-fin rays ii, 9 (29). First dorsal-fin pterygiophore inserting behind neural spine of 8th centrum (4), anterior blade overlapping neural spine. Distal margin of dorsal fin straight to slightly concave, when extended. Dorsal-fin origin distinctly ahead of middle of body (SL) and base of last dorsal-fin ray slightly anterior to vertical through anal-fin origin. Anal-fin rays iv or v, 19* (8), 20 (12) or 21 (10). Distal margin of anal fin concave. First anal-fin pterygiophore inserting behind haemal arch of 15th centrum (4). Adipose fin present. Caudal fin forked, lobes similar in size and slightly tipped. Principal caudal-fin rays 10+9 (30). Twelve (3) or 13 (1) dorsal procurrent caudal-fin rays and 10 (1) or 11 (3) ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays. Fourteen or 15 precaudal and 17 (1), 18 (2) or 19 (1) caudal vertebrae.

Color in alcohol. Ground color yellowish, overall body poorly pigmented, with concentration of chromatophores on restricted areas. Relatively dense pigmentation on the medial portion of upper lips, extending dorsally to posterior border of anterior nares. Fontanel and medial portions of frontal and parietal bones with small and sparse chromatophores; lateral border of frontal and dorsal border of orbit strongly pigmented. Dense pigmentation on posterior border of supraoccipital, extending from its spine tip to origin of caudal fin and over middorsal scale series and adjacent lateral series; pigmentation darker along dorsal-fin base. Maxilla pigmented only near its articulation with premaxillary bone. Antorbital and first two infraorbitals densely pigmented, infraorbitals 3 and 4 poorly pigmented. Preopercle, opercle and infraorbitals 5 and 6 with scattered dark chromatophores. Supracleithrum, posttemporal and epioccipital area densely pigmented with small dark chromatophores. Lower lip densely pigmented. Ventral portion of head with scattered small dark chromatophores on the posterior portion of branchiostegal rays. Guanine deposits present over infraorbitals, opercular series and branchiostegal rays. Abdominal region yellowish, without dark chromatophores.

Humeral blotch vertically elongate, extending vertically through four longitudinal scales series above lateral line and two series below it, strongly pigmented in the first three series above lateral line. Humeral blotch displaced posteriorly, situated over first 5 to 7 scales of lateral line, deeply concave anteriorly, moonshaped. Humeral blotch anterior and posteriorly bordered by pale areas. Faint, usually silvery, narrow stripe, extending from vertical through dorsal-fin origin to approximately posterior two-thirds of caudal peduncle. Dark chromatophores along proximal border of medial caudal-fin rays forming an inconspicuous dark spot. Small dark chromatophores forming faint shaded border on posterior margin of caudal-fin rays.

Dark pigmentation along proximal half of unbranched dorsal-fin rays and along intervening membranes on the border of rays, darker on median portion of anterior branched rays and distal portion of posterior branched rays. Anal fin hyaline, with faint dark stripe on median portion of intervening membrane, from last unbranched ray to first three or four branched anterior rays and extending posteriorly onto distal portion of remaining branched rays. Dark pigment along tissue covering anal-fin pterygiophores and muscles. Dark pigment scattered over first rays of pectoral fin. Pelvic fin hyaline. Adipose fin completely hyaline or with very few small dark chromatophores at its distal border.

Sexual dimorphism. No bony hooks or other dimorphic characters were observed in any examined specimen.

Geographic distribution. Jupiaba iasy is known from rio Teles Pires and rio Jamanxim, tributaries of rio Tapajós and from rio Aripuanã, in the rio Madeira drainage ( Fig. 4 ).

Ecological notes. Specimens of Jupiaba iasy were collected in sandy beaches in both rio Teles Pires and rio Jamanxim. Analysis of the stomach contents of four c&s paratypes (32.0– 40.1 mm SL) revealed presence of mayfly nymphs, chironomid larvae, pupae and adults, caddis fly larvae, a staphylinid beetle, unidentified insect fragments, fish tissue, scales, sediment, and unidentified plant fragments. The higher amount of autochthonous benthic insects eaten by the examined specimens, suggests that Jupiaba iasy explores the bottom and has a tendency towards insectivory, although it also feed on plants.

Etymology. From the tupi îasy , the goddess of the moon in the Brazilian Tupi-indians’ mythology. This epithet is given in allusion to the crescent-shaped humeral blotch of Jupiaba iasy . A noun in apposition.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Jupiaba iasy, holotype, MZUSP 100854, 47.1 mm SL, rio Teles Pires, Paranaíta, Mato Grosso State, Brazil.

FIGURE 2. Jupiaba iasy, paratype, MZUSP 97441, recently collected specimen, rio Jamanxim, Novo Progresso, Pará State, Brazil.

FIGURE 3. Left upper and lower jaws of Jupiaba iasy, paratype, MZUSP 99990, 44.8 mm SL; lateral view, anterior to left. Scale bar 1 mm.

FIGURE 4. Collecting sites and type-locality of Jupiaba iasy (circles) and Jupiaba paranatinga (squares). Open simbols represent type localities.

Tables

TABLE 1. Morphometric data for Jupiaba iasy, new species.

Depth at dorsal-fin origin	31	36.5	34.1	32.3	- 36.5	1.2
Snout to dorsal-fin origin	31	48.8	48.0	46.0	- 49.6	1.0
Snout to pectoral-fin origin	31	25.9	26.6	25.4	- 28.1	0.8
Snout to pelvic-fin origin	31	49.2	49.0	47.2	- 50.8	0.9
Snout to anal-fin origin	31	63.1	64.0	62.5	- 65.4	0.8
Caudal-peduncle depth	31	9.9	9.9	9.2	- 10.3	0.3
Caudal peduncle length	31	12.5	12.1	11.3	- 13.3	0.5
Pectoral-fin length	31	21.1	21.4	19.4	- 23.5	1.0
Pelvic-fin length	31	16.9	16.5	14.9	- 17.7	0.7
Pelvic-bone length	31	11.2	11.1	9.8	- 15.8	1.0
Dorsal-fin base length	31	15.7	15.5	14.6	- 16.4	0.5
Dorsal-fin length	28	28.0	28.2	26.8	- 29.8	0.9
Anal-fin base length	31	27.4	28.2	26.5	- 29.5	0.7
Anal-fin lobe length	31	17.1	17.3	16.0	- 18.6	0.7
Eye to dorsal-fin origin	31	32.7	32.8	31.7	- 33.8	0.7
Dorsal-fin origin to caudal-fin base	31	55.2	56.0	53.8	- 58.8	1.1
Bony head length	31	27.7	27.2	25.5	- 29.2	0.9
Percentages of HL
Horizontal eye diameter	31	43.8	45.7	42.1	- 48.0	1.4
Snout length	31	25.7	25.5	24.0	- 27.6	0.8
Least interorbital distance	31	33.2	32.5	30.0	- 34.9	1.4
Upper jaw length	31	38.5	40.1	37.4	- 42.2	1.3