Euphorbia adiantoides Lamack (1788: 426)

Steinmann, Victor W. & Carrillo-Reyes, Pablo, 2018, A revision of the New World Euphorbia adiantoides complex (Euphorbiaceae), Phytotaxa 350 (3), pp. 201-222 : 207-209

Euphorbia adiantoides Lamack (1788: 426) .

Leptopus adiantoides (Lam.) Klotzsch & Garcke in Klotzsch (1860[1859]: 249). Eumecanthus adiantoides (Lam.) Millspaugh (1916: 412) . Type:— PERU. Without an exact locality or date, J. de Jussieu s.n. (P-LAM-00678901!).

Leptopus hartwegii Klotzsch & Garcke in Klotzsch (1860: 46). Type:— ECUADOR [erroneously reported as Mexico in the protologue]. [Guayas]: Guayaquil, without date, T. Hartweg 693 (lectotype K-000254454!, here designated; isolectotypes F-515938! (fragment), K-000254453!, P-05569466, P-5569464!).

Euphorbia sonorae Rose (1895: 356) . Type:— MEXICO. Sonora: Agiabampo , in dense shade of bushes along rich bottoms, 3–15 October 1890, E. Palmer 760 (holotype US-208911!; isotypes F-197200! (fragment), GH-00047812!, K-000253804!, NY-00263286 !).

Annual 20–120 cm tall, from a fibrous root. Stems erect, unbranched or little-brached from the base; terete or rarely weakly angled, glabrous, internodes 1–6 cm long. Leaves alternate; stipules inconspicuous, subulate, 0.2–0.5 mm long, at each side of the base of the petiole; petiole slender (0.8–) 2–5 cm long, glabrous; blade ovate to lance-ovate, (1.5–)3–5(–5.7) × (0.7–) 1.3–3 cm, base rounded to cuneate, apex obtuse, sometimes mucronulate with a mucro to 0.6 mm long, margin entire, glabrous in both surfaces, penninerved with a prominent midvein, membranaceous. Cyathia in open, mostly weakly defined axillary dichasia 1–5 cm long, rachis papillose, strigulose to pilose; dichasial bracts opposite; stipules subulate-filiform, 0.5–3.2 mm long, blade ovate, narrowly ovate, or lanceolate, 0.3–0.6 × 0.1–0.3 cm, with a cuspidate to caudate tip 0.5–2.3 mm long, glabrous to sparsely pilose or strigulose; peduncle 0.5–4.6 mm long, glabrous or with a few scattered trichomes. Involucre campanulate, 0.6–0.8 × 0.6–1.0 mm, glabrous or pilose; glands (4–)5, transversely olbong to transversely reniform, 0.15–0.2 × 0.3–0.5 mm, reddish to yellow; appendages divided into 5–8 filiform segments, 0.3–0.7 × 0.05 mm, glabrous; lobes obovate to ovate, 0.1–0.2 mm long, laciniate. Staminate flowers 12–15. Ovary globose to slightly 3-lobed, pilose; styles 3, free to the base, entire, 0.4–0.6 mm long, narrowly cylidrical, glabrous, stigmas capitate. Capsule on a glabrous gynophore exserted by 2.2–3.9 mm, oblate, 3- lobed, 2.2–2.7 × 2.8–3.6 mm, pilose to villous; columella 1.5–2.0 mm long. Seeds ovoid, rounded in cross-section, (1.2–)1.4–1.9 × 0.9–1.3 mm, grey when young to dark-brown or almost black at maturity, apex rounded, base rounded to truncate, with longitudinal rows of isodiametric depressions the bottow having a punctiform pit and bordered by conspicuously elevated, translucent, tubercles mostly stoutly cylindrical and flattened on the top, occasionally coalescing into narrow, elongated crests; ecarunculate.

Distribution, habitat and phenology: — Euphorbia adiantoides presents a peculiar disjunct distribution. It occurs in western Mexico from Sonora south to Morelos and Puebla, and also in Peru and Ecuador ( Fig. 4 ). Although it was reported for Argentina, Bolivia, and Colombia by Govaerts et al. (2000), we have been unable to locate any specimens verifying its presence in these countries. Likewise, Murillo (2004) in his account of the Euphorbiaceae of Colombia did not list any specimens, and its occurrence in this country is questionable although not far-fetched. Similarly, despite being documented from Argentina, we have seen no specimens from the country, and it was not reported by Subils (1977) or Berry et al. (2010). Nor have we seen specimens from Bolivia, and Berry et al. (2014) did not report it for the country. Characteristically, E. adiantoides inhabits tropical deciduous forest, from near sea level to 1600 m (rarely 1850 m). In Mexico it occasionally enters oak woodland or pine-oak forest. In both North and South America it is often reported to be in disturbed secondary vegetation. Flowering and fruiting in Peru and Ecuador occur primarily from January to June (August), whereas in Mexico the species is reproductive from August to January.

Conservation status: — Euphorbia adiantoides is known from 69 localities in three countries in North and South America: Ecuador, Mexico, and Peru. In Mexico, some of these localities are located in Natural Protected Areas such as the Sierra de Álamos-Río Cuchujaqui APFF, Cuenca Alimentadora del Distrito Nacional de Riego 43, and the Zicuirán-Infiernillo Biosphere Reserve ( CONANP 2018). Based on its Extension of Occurrence (EOO) of ca. 2,000,000 km 2, E. adiantoides is preliminary assigned to the category of Least Concern (LC) following the IUCN Red List criteria (IUCN 2012).

Nomenclatural note:—Hartweg’s specimens were widely distributed. When describing Leptopus hartwegii, Klotzsch & Garcke did not indicate in which herbarium they saw this collection. It was not among the types photographed at B prior to World War II, so possibly it was examined elsewhere. In the abscence of material known to have been examined by these authors, we designate the specimen Hartweg 693 at Kew from Bentham’s herbarium as the lectotype.

Morphology and phylogenetic relationships: — Euphorbia adiantoides is closely related to Euphorbia multiseta . In fact, the data from the two molecular markers used here do not distinguish them (see discussion above); likewise, some of the morphological differences have exceptions. Although both species were included in Boissier (1862), McVaugh (1961) has been the only author to directly compare them (using the synonymous name E. sonorae for E. adiantoides ). He separated the two by the much-branched annual habit and cyathia in loose cymose clusters for E. adiantoides , in contrast to the erect to arching perennial habit and cyathia in terminal panicle-like inflorescences for E. multiseta . It is worth noting that we here interpret the inflorescences of both species to be axillary dichasia, but in E. multiseta these are often concentrated towards the ends of the branches and thus giving an overall panicle-like appearance. We concur with McVaugh and maintain the two as distinct species, in part because there are habitat, distributional, and morphological differences, and all of these differences are strongly correlated. The most consistent morphological distinction between the two concerns the habit. Euphorbia adiantoides is a much-branched annual from a slender taproot, whereas E. multiseta is sparsely branched, often arching perennial herb from a thickened, lignified base that sometimes bears the dried bases of old stems from previous seasons. The former is more precociously flowering, whereas E. multiseta often undergoes considerable vegetative growth before becoming reproductive. Additional differences lie in the seeds. Those of Euphorbia multiseta have tubercles that are low, not translucent, mostly conical and rounded at the top, whereas those of E. adiantoides have tubercles that are conspicuously elevated, translucent, mostly stoutly cylindrical and flattened on the top. Rare exceptions to this feature can occur (e.g., Téllez 9280, here treated as E. multiseta ), in which the seeds have some tubercles that are slightly elevated with a translucent appearance. In addition, the tubercules of E. adiantoides sometimes coalesce into narrow, elongated crests, but these have yet to be observed in Euphorbia multiseta . The leaves of E. adiantoides are consistently membranacous, but those of E. multiseta are generally thicker and approaching coriaceous. Also, the inflorescences of Euphorbia muliseta tend to be more obvious and have considerably more cyathia with dichasial bracts that are lanceolate to narrowly elliptical and clearly distinctive in shape from the vegetative leaves. In contrast, the inflorescences of E. adiantoides tend to be scarcely differentiated from the vegetative branches, and leaf blade differences are less pronounced.

The general ranges of these species overlap broadly, but Euphorbia adiantoides extends farther north, to central Sonora, whereas E. multiseta reaches its northerly limit in southern Sinaloa. Both extend south to Guerrero, but the former is also disjunct in South America. However, within their overlapping ranges they have different habitat preferences. Euphorbia adiantoides is almost always in seasonally dry tropical deciduous forest. In contrast, Euphorbia multiseta occurs in more mesic vegetation, primarily in cloud forest, pine-oak forest, and oak woodland. A few collections were made in tropical subdeciduous forest, but we have not seen any specimens reportedly from tropical deciduous forest.

Euphorbia adiantoides is also quite similar to Euphorbia breedlovei ; see the discussion under that species below.

Plants of Euphorbia adiantoides from the Infiernillo region of Michoacán and adjacent Guerrero (e.g., Soto Núñez 3587, Feddema 1712, Ramírez-Amezcua et al. 739, and Lott 1881) are noteworthy in possessing seeds with the borders of the pits in some portions bearing a nearly continuous translucent crest, this as opposed to the distinct translucent tubercles that are characteristic of the species. Despite having a strikingly distinctive appearance, these are not formally segregated because the variation is not always well-marked and specimens outside of this region can also possess somewhat crested seeds (e.g., McVaugh 19762, from near Autlán, Jalisco).

Material from Mexico previously has been recognized as Euphorbia sonorae . However, these plants are morphologically undistinguishable from those of South America, and we cannot discern any difference that would warrant the recognition of two separate species. Molecular evidence discussed above also supports its synonymization with E. adiantoides .

Additional specimens examined: — ECUADOR. junc. of Provs. Guayas, Cañar, Chimborazo, and Bolivar, W.H. Camp E-3743 (NY). Guayas: Guayaquil, 4 km E of town, 21 February 1939, E. Asplund 5128 (F, P); Capeira, km 21 Guayaquil to Daule, 20–200 m, 15 February 1982, C.H. Dodson & A.H. Gentry 12496 (F, MO); 16 February 1982, C.H. Dodson & A.H. Gentry 12531 (F, MO), C.H. Dodson & P.M. Dodson 13578 (F, MO); road Guayaquil-Nobol (Piedrahita), 1–5 km S of Nobol, 29 February 1978, G. Harling & L. Andersson 16795 (GB); Guayaquil, W. Jameson 590 (BM). Loja: road Loja-Zaruma, km 86 from Loja, 1300 m, 13 February 1977, G. Harling & L. Andersson 15441 (F, GB); Macará-Zapotillo road, km 10–13, 500–600 m, 16 April 1980, G. Harling & L. Andersson 18340 (F, GB); road Macará-Cariamanga, km 15, 700 m, 26 February 1985, G. Harling & L. Andersson 22548 (F, GB). Los Ríos: Jauneche, Canton Vinces, 70 km S of Mocachi on the Peñafiel estero, 70 m, 15 August 1978, C.H. Dodson et al. 7251 (DAV, MO); Jauneche Forest, Jauneche, km 70 Quevedo-Palenque via Mocachi, Caton Vinces, 100 m, 13 March 1980, C.H. Dodson & A. Gentry 9763 (MO). MEXICO. Colima: mpio. Comala, Rancho El Jabali, 22 km (airline) N of Colima in the SW foothills of the Volcan de Colima, Hacienda San Antonio, along the road to the viveros, 19°26.8’N, 103°43.5’W, 1200 m, 1 October 1991, L. Vazquez V. 1296 (MEXU, MICH, UCR). Guerrero: mpio. Tepecoacuilco de Trujano, entre Tecuiciapan y Los Amates, Cerro Tepeyahualco, 2 km al NNE de San Miguel, 17°59’03”N, 99°24’10”W, 574 m, 14 September 2006, J.Amith & G. Hall 838 (IEB); mpio. Coahuayutla, Los Alacranes, 3.19 km al O, 18º15’01”N, 101º09’02”W, 880 m, 16 October 1999, J. Calónico S. 18268 (MEXU); mpio. Chichihualco, 31 km al NE de Filo de Caballo camino a Xochipala, [17°46’55”N, 99°41’58”W], 1640 m, 8 September 1983, E. Martínez S. & J.L. Villaseñor 4295 (DAV); mpio. Coahuayutla, 1.2 km al E de la autopista Lázaro Cárdenas-Morelia por la brecha que va a Coahuayutla (saliendo ca. 4 km al S de Infiernillo, Michoacán), 18°14’25”N, 101°53’50”W, 175 m, 11 October 2006, Y. Ramírez-Amezcua et al. 739 ( RSA); mpio. Buenavista de Cuéllar, 4 km al N de Buenavista sobre la carr. a Amacuzac, [18°29’48”N, 99°25’08”W], 1150 m, 8 October 1969, J. Rzedowski 26866 (DS, MICH). Jalisco: mpio. Hostotipaquillo, MEX 15 just E of Jalisco / Nayarit border, [21°03’43”N, 104°13’55”W], ca. 1600 m, 7 September 1971, D. Burch 5351 (F, RSA); mpio. Tecalitlán, Sierra de los Corales, Mata de Bule, [19°25’17”N, 103°19’34”W], 1300 m, 25 October 1963, C. Feddema 2214 (MEXU, MICH); mpio. San Sebastián del Oeste, a orilla del arroyo que desciende de la Hacienda el Ototal hacia Potrero de Mulas, 2 km al SO de la Estancia sobre la brecha a Potrero de Mulas, 20º46’00.2”N, 104º55’24.56”W, 952 m, 25 October 2009, J. González 390 (IBUG); mpio Autlán de Navarro, ca 2 km arriba de la mina de San Francisco (la desviación 8.3 km al N de Autlán), en el camino a Agua Hedionda, [19°50’51”N, 104°21’06”W], 900 m, 16 November 1985, E.J. Lott & P. Davila 2730 (MEXU, MICH); mpio. Bolaños, cerros adyacentes al Rancho El Platanal, a 8 km de San Martín de Bolaños y luego caminando, [21°42’36”N, 103°51’45”W], 1340 m, 20 October 1983, E.J. Lott et al. 2102 (MEXU, MO); mpio. Teocuitatlán de Corona, Barranca del Frijol, 20º10’29”N, 103º25’10”W, 1736 m, 6 October 2002, J.A. Machuca 8962 (IBUG); mountainside above Lake Chapala, near km 543, ca. 8 mi NE of Sahuayo, 1600–1850 m, R. McVaugh 18159 (MICH); mpio. Unión de Tula, precipitous hillsides 10–16 miles northeast of Autlán, on the cuesta above the river bridge at El Corcovado, [19°53’10”N, 104°19’18”W], 900–1400 m, 2 October 1960, R. McVaugh 19762 (IBUG, IEB, MEXU, MICH); mpio. Acatlán de Juárez, Cuesta San Marcos, above and to the east of Laguna de San Marcos, ca. 15 km. south-southeast of Acatlán de Juarez, [20°21’52”N, 103°33’12”W], 1600 m, 7–8 November 1959, R. McVaugh & W.N. Koelz 304 (MICH); mpio. Magdalena, barranca of Tepic, [20°59’N, 104°12’W], 10 October 1893, C.G. Pringle 4551 (CAS, ENCB, F, MEXU, MICH, MO, P, UC); mpio. Jilotlán de los Dolores, 20 km al S por la brecha que va a Jilotlán de Dolores, Jalisco, 19º18’10”N, 102º56’41”W, 719 m, 8 October 2004, Y. Ramírez-Amezcua & V.W. Steinmann 371 (MEXU); mpio. Tecalitlán, Sierra de los Corales, Mata de Bule, [19°25’17”N, 103°19’34”W], 1300 m, 22 October 1963, J. Rzedowski 17359 (MICH); mpio. Unión de Tula, steep volcanic slopes 14–15 mi by rd N of Autlán de Navarro, rd to Guadalajara (hwy. 80), ca. 19°55’ N, 104°15’ W, [19°53’09”N, 104°19’07”W], 3800–4100 ft, 27 October 1970, G.L. Webster & G.J. Breckon 16000 (DAV, MEXU, MICH). Michoacán: mpio. Múgica, approx. 8 km SW of Nueva Italia, on the highway to Apatzingán, [18°59’30”N, 102°09’54”W], 15 August 1961, C. Feddema 1712 (MEXU, MICH); mpio. Tuzantla, Carr. Zitácuaro–Huetamo, 9.8 mi NNE de la desviación a Los Olivos [El Olivo] y la Virgenia, [19°14’N, 100°29’W], 1150 m, 3 December 1983, E.J. Lott 2152 (MICH); mpio. La Huacana, a 9 km al SO de La Huacana, carretera La Huacana–Apatzingan, [18°56’03”N, 101°52’59”W], 20 September 1983, E.J. Lott et al. 1881 (ENCB, MEXU, MICH, MO); mpio. Múgica, Cañón El Marqués, near the bridge on Río Cupatitzio, 6 mi N of Nueva Italia, [19°05’47”N, 102°04’12”W], 400 m, R. McVaugh 17997 (MEXU, MICH); mpio. Tuzantla, 3 km al S de Parícuaro, sobre la carretera a Tuzantla, [19°14’46”N, 100°28’50”W], 1200 m, 21 November 1970, J. Rzedowski 28016 (DS, ENCB, MICH, MO); mpio. Tuzantla, 4 km al SW de Parícuaro, sobre la carretera a Tuzantla, [19°14’34”N, 100°29’21”W], 1250 m, 17 October 1975, J. Rzedowski 33668 (ENCB, IEB, MEXU); mpio. La Huacana, 7 km al W de La Huacana, sobre la carretera a Cuatro Caminos, [18°55’56”N, 101°51’55”W], 500 m, 18 October 1975, J. Rzedowski 33682a (IEB); mpio. Tuzantla, a 10 km al NE de Melchor Ocampo, cerca de las Juntas, [19°11’00”N, 100°38’19”W], 9 October 1978, J.C. Soto Núñez 1189 (ENCB, MEXU); mpio. La Huacana, a 16 km al SW de La Huacana, cerca de la presa Zicuirán, [18°55’52”N, 101°54’39”W], 28 October 1981, J.C. Soto Núñez 3587 (ENCB, IBUG, MEXU, MO); municipio de Villa Madero , 1.9 km al nor-noroeste de San Diego Curucupatzeo sobre el camino a Villa Madero , 19°17’28.6”N, 101°08’20.7”W, 1015 m, 25 October 2009, V.W. Steinmann & M.A. Cervantes-Alcayde 6849 ( RSA); mpio. Huetamo, along the road from Huetamo to San Jerónimo, 7.5 km (by road) west of the turnoff for Santiago Conguripo; 18°31’03”N, 101°09’14”W, 200 m, 5 October 2003, V.W. Steinmann & J.C. Soto Núñez 3638 ( RSA); municipio de Churumuco, 9.5 km al este de la carretera Churumuco–Huetamo sobre el camino a Cuiripan, 18°35’45”N, 101°28’50”W, 925 m, 8 September 2007, V.W. Steinmann & Y. Ramírez-Amezcua 5887 ( RSA). Morelos: mpio. Cuernavaca, Cuernavaca, [18°57’N, 99°14’W], 3 November 1903, C.G. Pringle 11702 (CAS, MEXU, MICH, MO). Nayarit: mpio. Ixtlán del Río, km 7–10 terracería a Cacalután que empieza a 500 m al S del límite del estado de Nayarit-Jalisco, 21°07’00” N, 104°17’00” W, 8 October 1987, O. Téllez V. 11049 (MEXU); mpio. Ixtlán del Río, km 5–6 de la terracería a Cacalután, 21°05’N, 104°17’W, 1110 m, 22 September 1989, O. Téllez V. & A. Salinas 12305 (MEXU, MICH, MO). Puebla: mpio. Jolalpan, paraje El Caracol, Ejido El Salado, [18°20’11”N, 98°57’27”W], E. Guízar 2527 (MEXU); Sinaloa: mpio. Choix, 0.5 km S of Los Capomos, 26°25’N, 108°30.5’W, 29 September 1996, A.L. Reina et al. 96-587 (ARIZ, MEXU, RSA). Sonora: mpio. Imuris, base of Cerro Agua Caliente, along Río de la Alisos, 2 km W of Imuris, [30°46’23”N, 110°53’53”W], F.E. Drouet & D. Richards 3782 (F); mpio. Álamos, mts. W of Álamos, [27°00’N, 108°59’W], F.E. Drouet & D. Richards 3952 (F); mpio. Yécora, Los Pinitos (Agua Amarilla), 9.0 mi W of Tepoca on Hwy. 16, 28º23.5’N, 109º21’W, 1000 m, 6 September 1995, M. Fishbein et al. 2455 ( RSA); mpio. Álamos, distr. Álamos, Cañón Estrella, [27°50’N, 109°15’W], 01 October 1933, H.S. Gentry 375M (MICH); mpio. Sahuaripa, Arroyo Los Tarias, Cañón Goridehuachi, 26.3 km N of Sahuaripa on rd to Moctezuma, 29º16’35”N, 109º20’26”W, 487 m, 14 September 2006, A.L. Reina G. & T. R. Van Devender 2006-830 (IEB); mpio. Álamos, upper crossing of the Río Cuchujaqui, 12 mi by rd E of Álamos and ca. 1.5 mi E of Sabinito Sur, 27’00’30”N, 108º47’W, 400 m, 6 September 1989, A.C. Sanders 9340B (F, RSA, UCR); mpio. Álamos, Rancho Esmeralda, on the NW outskirts of Álamos on the rd to San Bernardo, across the rd from the airstrip, 27º02.5’N, 108º56.5′W, 400 m, 5 October 1992, A.C. Sanders et al. 12554 (MICH, RSA, UCR); mpio. Álamos, Arroyo Mentidero at the crossing of the Álamos–El Chinal rd and down the arroyo to the Río Cuchujaqui, 12 km (airline) S of Álamos, 26º54.8’N, 108º55’W, 240 m, 5 October 1992, A.C. Sanders et al. 12599 (UCR, RSA); mpio. Álamos, Güirocoba crossing of the Río Cuchujaqui, 12.3 km (by air) SSE of Álamos; 26°56’15”N, 108°53’W, 260 m, 21 August 1993, V.W. Steinmann & C. Smith s.n. (ARIZ, MEXU, RSA); mpio. Álamos, ca. 3 km ENE of Álamos, along the road to Cuchuhuari, 27°02’N, 108°54’W, 410 m, 19 August 1994, V.W. Steinmann et al. 94-61 (MEXU, RSA); mpio. Álamos, Sierra de Álamos, N side of the range, ca. 3 km SW of Álamos along the trail from Parque El Chalatón to La Huerta, vic. of 26°59’45”N, 108°58’W, 850 m, 20 August 1994, V.W. Steinmann et al. 94-67 (ARIZ, MEXU, RSA); mpio. Álamos, Sierra de Álamos, E side of the range, Arroyo El Huirotal, just S of Loma La Pionilla, 26º57’30”N, 108º56’20”W, 400 m, 1 January 1995, V.W. Steinmann 95-02 ( RSA); mpio. Álamos, Sierra de Álamos, northside of the range, drainage that runs southeast of Agua Escondida, ca. 26°59’55”N, 108°57’40”W, 750 m, 31 August 1996, V.W. Steinmann 964 (IBUG, MEXU, RSA); mpio. Yécora, Agua Amarilla (Los Pinitos), 15 km WNW of Tepoca, 24.7 km WNW of San Nicolás on MEX 16 (km 200), 28º28’01”N, 109º20’23”W, 900 m, 02 September 2008, T.R. Van Devender 2008-522 (IEB); mpio. Álamos, E slopes of the Sierra de Álamos, ca. 5 km (by air) SSW of Álamos, Arroyo El Huirotal, Rancho Las Uvalamas, 26º57’55”N, 108º55’10”W, 450 m, 12 September 1994, T.R. Van Devender et al. 94-520 ( RSA); mpio. Yécora, Arroyo Santa Ana at SON 12, [Tepoca–Cd. Obregón Hwy], 2.3 km SW of the turnoff to La Quema, 8.5 km (by air) W of Guadalupe Tayopa, 28º21’06”N, 109º15’42”W, 510 m, 22 September 1997, T.R. Van Devender et al. 97-1053 ( RSA); mpio. Yécora, Curea, 28º18’42”N, 109º16’42”W, 490 m, 17 September 1998, T.R. Van Devender et al. 98-1275 (IEB); mpio. Sahuaripa, Rancho La Venta, 32.6 km (by air) NNE of Sahuaripa, Reserva del Jaguar del Norte, 29º19’21”N, 109º06’07”W, 745 m, 1 September 2009, T.R. Van Devender et al. 2009-699 (IEB); mpio. San Javier, near San Javier, El Sobaco, Cerro El Verde, 28º34’12”N, 109º43’52”W, 600 m, 6 October 1996, L. Varela 96-456 ( RSA); mpio. Imuris, banks of Río Magdalena, 8 mi E of Nogales–Hermosillo Hwy, along rd to Cananea and Remedios, 30°49’45”N, 110°47’43”W], 9 September 1934, I.L. Wiggins 7042 ( RSA); mpio. Tepache, 20 mi S of Divisadero, rd to Mina Zaragosa, [29°25’50”N, 109°25’20”W], 26 September 1934, I.L. Wiggins 7476 (MICH, RSA); mpio. Mazatán, 11 mi NE of Colorado on the road to Mazatán, [28°57’52”N, 110°09’43”W], 6 September 1941, I.L. Wiggins & R.C. Rollins 344 (MICH, MO, RSA). Zacatecas: mpio. Trinidad García de la Cadena, Cumbre de El Abra , 21°10´05”N, 103°29’18”W, 1830 m, 25 August 2014, A. Castro-Castro et al. 3827 (IBUG). PERU: Cajamarca: prov. Contumazá, alrededores de San Benito, [7°26’S, 78°55’W], 1250 m, 12 June 1983, A. Sagástegui A. & S. López M. 10519 (F, MO); prov. Contumazá, Corlás (arriba de Cascas), [7°27’36”S, 78°48’31”W], 1450 m, 16 April 1992, A. Sagástegui A. et al. 14522 (F); prov. Contumazá, Platanar–Planta Eléctrica (ruta Cascas–Contumaza), [7°27’S, 78°48’W], 1400 m, 31 March 1994, A. Sagástegui A. et al. 15195 (F). La Libertad: prov. Otuzco, alrededor de Cascas, [7°26’S, 78°47’W], 1600 m, 23 May 1993, S. Leiva 730 (F). Piura: prov. Huancabamba, distr. Huancabamba, La Beatita, [5°52’43”S, 79°31’23”W], 1400 m, 11 June 1993, S. Llatas Q. et al. 9084 (F); prov. Piura, [5°25’29”S, 79°42’27”W], Chanro, 250–300 m, March 1912, A. Weberbauer 6002 (F). Tumbez: prov. Tumbez, plain SE of Hacienda La Choza, [3°59’S, 80°39’W], 100–200 m, 27 February–3 March 1927, A. Weberbauer 7706 (F).

Figures

FIGURE 4. Geographic distribution of species of the Euphorbia adiantoides complex.