Africonus fuscoflavus ( Röckel, Rolán & Monteiro, 1980 )

Tenorio, Manuel J., Abalde, Samuel, Pardos-Blas, José R. & Zardoya, Rafael, 2020, Taxonomic revision of West African cone snails (Gastropoda: Conidae) based upon mitogenomic studies: implications for conservation, European Journal of Taxonomy 663 (663), pp. 1-89 : 25-28

Africonus fuscoflavus ( Röckel, Rolán & Monteiro, 1980)

Fig. 4E

Conus fuscoflavus Röckel et al., 1980a: 71 , figs 38–41.

Conus messiasi Rolán & Fernandes in Rolán, 1990: 17 , pl. 1, fig. 6.

Conus fantasmalis Rolán, 1990: 37 , pl. 1, fig. 8.

Africonus silviae Cossignani, 2014: 19 .

Africonus cristinapessoae Cossignani & Fiadeiro, 2017a: 27 . syn. nov.

Africonus gallopalvoi Cossignani & Fiadeiro, 2017a: 31 . syn. nov.

Africonus tarafensis Cossignani & Fiadeiro, 2018c: 32 . syn. nov.

Conus fuscoflavus – Monteiro et al. 2004: 46, pl. 106.

Conus messiasi – Monteiro et al. 2004: 59, pl. 105.

Conus fantasmalis – Monteiro et al. 2004: 43, pl. 113.

Material examined

Holotype

CABO VERDE • 20.3 mm; Boa Vista Island, Sal Rei ; NMSF.

Other material

CABO VERDE • 1 spec., 22.3 mm; Boa Vista Island, Derrubado ( bay East ); 16º13ʹ33ʺ N, 22º47ʹ3ʺ W; 1 Jul. 2013; MNCN exped.; GenBank mitochondrion, partial genome: MF491557 ; MNCN 15.05/80407 ( Fig. 4E ) • 1 spec.; same collection data as for preceding; GenBank mitochondrion, partial genome: MF491558 ; MNCN 15.05/80408 • 1 spec.; Boa Vista Island, Ponta Antónia ; 16º13ʹ24ʺ N, 22º46ʹ59ʺ W; 1 Jul. 2013; MNCN exped.; GenBank mitochondrion, partial genome: MF491559 ; MNCN 15.05/80408 • 1 spec.; Boa Vista Island, Morro de Areia ; 16º5ʹ24ʺ N, 22º57ʹ7ʺ W; 21 Apr. 2015; MNCN exped.; GenBank mitochondrion, partial genome: MF491592 ; MNCN 15.05/79947 • 1 spec.; Maio Island, Porto Cais ; 15º19ʹ15ʺ N, 23º11ʹ10ʺ W; 31 Mar. 2013; MNCN exped.; GenBank mitochondrion, partial genome: MF491524 ; MNCN 15.05/78695 • 1 spec., 24.5 mm, holotype of Africonus cristinapessoae ; Boa Vista Island, Varandinha ; MMM • 1 spec., 17.8 mm, holotype of Africonus gallopalvoi ; Boa Vista Island, Varandinha ; MMM • 1 spec., 25 mm, holotype of Africonus tarafensis ; Boa Vista Island, Baixa de Padaroso ; MMM .

Geographical distribution

Multiple localities around Boa Vista Island and north Maio Island (Baía do Navío Quebrado and Praia Real), Cabo Verde Archipelago.

Conservation status in IUCN Red List

Least concern.

Remarks

Africonus fuscoflavus is the most senior name applicable to a clade composed of individuals from a number of populations of cones distributed around Boa Vista and north Maio Island. Most of these populations had been introduced as separate species based upon their distinctive shell patterns. All of them share the same elongated radular tooth morphology observed in A. fuscoflavus ( Abalde et al. 2017a) . Representative

specimens of these taxa examined molecularly exhibit mitogenome sequences with little divergences with respect to that of A. fuscoflavus , and can be considered conspecific. Additionally, the type material of both A. cristinapessoae and A. gallopalvoi is consistent with the taxon A. fuscoflavus bearing a characteristic pattern of very fine brown axial lines. The recently described A. tarafensis was compared by the authors to A. delanoyae , which has similar shell pattern. However, the shell profile is even more consistent with that of A. fuscoflavus . We therefore consider A. tarafensis as another patterned form of A. fuscoflavus , morphologically similar to the population from Ponta Antónia (very close to Baía do Tarafe, in Derrubado area) included in our phylogeny, and initially identified A. cf. delanoyae ( Abalde et al. 2017a) . We can conclude that A. fuscoflavus is another example of a polymorphic species, comprising several well-defined forms with characteristic shell patterns, sharing the same radular morphology and mitogenome sequence. The distribution range for this species is now expanded and includes the islands of Boa Vista and Maio.

Figures

Fig. 4 (opposite page). A. Conus felitae Rolán, 1990, holotype, 12.7 mm (MNCN 15.05/1099). B. Africonus fernandesi (Tenorio, Afonso & Rolán, 2008), 14.5 mm (MNCN 15.05/78598). C. Africonus freitasi Tenorio, Afonso, Rolán, Pires, Vasconcelos, Abalde & Zardoya, 2018, holotype, 13.7 mm (MNCN 15.05/200008) D. Conus verdensis furnaeRolán, 1990,holotype, 21.1 mm (MNCN 15.05/1097). E. Africonus fuscoflavus (Röckel, Rolán & Monteiro, 1980), 22.3 mm (MNCN 15.05/80407). F. Conus damottai galeao Rolán, 1990, holotype, 21.3 mm (MNCN 15.05/1093). G. Africonus gonsaloi Afonso & Tenorio, 2014, holotype, 19.3 mm (MNCN 15.05/60119).H. Africonus grahami (Röckel, Cosel & Burnay, 1980), 24.0 mm (MNCN 15.05/78549). I. Conus infinitus Rolán, 1990, holotype, 20.8 mm (MNCN, 15.05/1095). J. Conus isabelarum Tenorio & Afonso, 2004, holotype, 22.8 mm (MNCN 15.05/46654). K. Conus josephinae Rolán, 1980, holotype, 25.8 mm (MNCN 15.05/1050). L. Africonus kersteni (Tenorio, Afonso & Rolán, 2008), holotype, 20.8 mm (MNCN 15.05/47051). M. Africonus longilineus (Röckel, Rolán & Monteiro, 1980), 21.7 mm (MNCN 15.05/79738). N. Africonus lugubris (Reeve, 1849), 14.5 mm (MNCN 15.05/90431). O. Africonus maioensis (Trovão, Rolán & Félix-Alves, 1990), 29.5 mm (MNCN 15.05/78689). P. Africonus miruchae (Röckel, Rolán & Monteiro, 1980), 12.9 mm (MNCN 15.05/79789). Scale bars = 10 mm.