Cynipidae
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4521.4.1 |
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publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A4FD6137-25B0-43D5-845B-B4FDF4E9F5D7 |
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DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5949847 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AC1F87FE-FFE2-FF81-FF61-FB2DFA26B1B7 |
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treatment provided by |
Plazi |
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scientific name |
Cynipidae |
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Key to galls of Israeli oak Cynipidae View in CoL View at ENA on Quercus ithaburensis
1. Acorn or catkin galls, found in spring...................................................................... 2
- Leaf, bud, or twig galls, found in spring or fall.............................................................. 8
2. Scaly gall in young acorn, up to 12 mm long, not sticky, light green................................................................................................. Pseudoneuroterus saliens (Kollar) , sexual generation ( Fig. 57 View FIGURES 53–58 )
- Catkin gall, different from above......................................................................... 3
3. Common spherical gall, 25–30 mm in diameter, composed of thin-walled, flat subunits, light green to reddish, sometimes with velvety cover when young, light brown when mature; occupies entire catkin.................................................................................................... Andricus cecconii , sexual generation ( Figs 47–48 View FIGURES 47–52 )
- Smaller gall, tapered or ovoid, usually in clusters............................................................ 4
4. Conical, tapered galls.................................................................................. 5
- Velvety, ovoid galls.................................................................................... 6
5. Clustered galls up to 2.5 mm long each, cryptic, light brown............... Andricus coriarius , sexual generation ( Fig. 52 View FIGURES 47–52 )
- Clustered, galls up to 7 mm long each, light green and soft when young, bright red to deep purple and rigid when mature.............................................................. Andricus grossulariae , sexual generation ( Figs 49–50 View FIGURES 47–52 )
6. Cryptic, ovoid galls, 1.5–2 mm in diameter, green when young, light brown when mature, covered by white, velvety hair.................................................. Cerroneuroterus lanuginosus (Giraud) , sexual generation ( Fig. 54 View FIGURES 53–58 )
- More conspicuous galls, spherical or kidney-shaped.......................................................... 7
7. Kidney-shaped, velvey galls, up to 4 mm long, green when young, purple-green when mature, usually in panicle clusters........................................................ Andricus vindobonensis Müllner , sexual generation ( Fig. 51 View FIGURES 47–52 )
- Spherical galls, 4–7 mm in diameter, light green with velvety white hair, usually not clustered...................................................................................... Pseudoneuroterus View in CoL sp. 2, sexual generation ( Fig. 53 View FIGURES 53–58 )
8. Leaf galls............................................................................................ 9
- Bud or twig galls..................................................................................... 16
9. Gall constitutes integral part of leaf...................................................................... 10
- Gall attached to one side of leaf, detachable................................................................ 12
10. Rigid gall on the main leaf vein, up to 3 mm wide, same color as leaf.................................................................................. Andricus View in CoL sp. nr. quercusradicis (Fabricius) , sexual (spring) generation ( Fig. 65 View FIGURES 65–70 )
- Gall not on the main leaf vein........................................................................... 11
11. Big, amorphous gall, occupying entire or most of leaf, hard and inflated on underside, soft and covered by dense hair on upper side, green with white hair when young, dark brown with golden hair when mature........................................................................................ Andricus View in CoL sp. nr. istvani , sexual (spring) generation ( Fig. 63 View FIGURES 59–64 )
- Smaller, spherical gall, up to 12 mm in diameter, with tapered apical extension up to 4 mm long, hard and green when young, dark brown when old............................................................................................................. Dryocosmus mikoi Melika, Tavakoli, Stone & Azizkhani , sexual (spring) generation ( Fig. 64 View FIGURES 59–64 ).
12. Flattened gall with central pit, very hairy, usually in clusters................................................... 13
- Spherical or elliptical gall, smooth, often in clusters......................................................... 14
13. Gall up to 7 mm in diameter, 5 mm high, completely covered by white to golden, silky, long hairs, black at center......................................................... Cerroneuroterus lanuginosus , asexual (fall) generation ( Figs 60–61 View FIGURES 59–64 )
- Gall up to 6 mm in diameter, 2 mm high, somewhat flower-shaped with irregular rims, completely covered by white to pinkish hairs, white at center....................... Cerroneuroterus gyulaigaraiae (Melika) , asexual (fall) generation ( Fig. 62 View FIGURES 59–64 )
14. Succulent, spherical gall, up to 10 mm in diameter when mature, usually next to leaf vein. Tiny, soft and green, covered by short black hairs when young, green to velvety brown when mature................................................................................................. Chilaspis israeli (Sternlicht) , asexual (fall) generation ( Fig. 59 View FIGURES 59–64 )
- Gall up to 5 mm in diameter, elliptical or ovoid............................................................. 15
15. Rigid, elliptical gall on main leaf vein, up to 5 mm long, 3 mm high, usually on underside but sometimes on upperside of leaf or on petiole, light brown to brown........................ Pseudoneuroterus saliens , asexual (fall) generation ( Fig. 58 View FIGURES 53–58 )
- Ovoid gall, 1.5–3 mm long, sometimes on main leaf vein, up to 2 mm wide, accompanied by a thin, leafy ‘wing’, on underside of leaf. Yellow-green and shiny............................. Neuroterus anthracinus , asexual (fall) generation ( Fig. 66 View FIGURES 65–70 )
16. Conspicuous, spherical to ovoid twig gall, same color and structure of twig........................................................................................... Pseudoneuroterus macropterus Hartig , asexual (fall) generation
- Bud gall............................................................................................ 17
17. Cryptic spring gall.................................................................................... 18
- Conspicuous fall or spring gall.......................................................................... 19
18. Smooth, conical, single-unit gall, 1.5–2 mm long, sheathed by bud scales, thin walled, same color as scales............................................................. Pseudoneuroterus macropterus , sexual (spring) generation ( Fig. 55 View FIGURES 53–58 )
- Velvety, spherical, gall, 4.5–5 mm in diameter, composed of several fused units, each 1.3–2 mm in diameter.................................................................. Pseudoneuroterus View in CoL sp. 1, sexual (spring) generation ( Fig. 56 View FIGURES 53–58 ).
19. Spherical, smooth, single-unit gall....................................................................... 20
- Partly or completely hairy gall, composed of several units.................................................... 23
20. Gall up to 15 mm in diameter........................................................................... 21
- Gall more than 15 mm in diameter, multi-chambered........................................................ 22
21. Gall light green when young, light brown to brown when mature, sometimes slightly wrinkled, with free internal, ovoid larval chamber................ Aphelonyx persica Melika, Stone, Sadeghi & Pujade-Villar , asexual (fall) generation ( Figs 37–38 View FIGURES 35–40 )
- Gall same color as branch, extremely hard and thick-walled, without free internal larval chamber........................................................... Andricus coriarius gall invaded by Synophrus politus , sexual generation ( Fig. 41 View FIGURES 41–46 )
22. Spherical gall, sometimes wrinkly, up to 30 mm in diameter, light green and fleshy when young, light brown to brown and rigid when mature.......... Aphelonyx persica gall invaded by Synergus variabilis , asexual (fall) generation ( Figs 39–40 View FIGURES 35–40 ).
- Spherical to amorphic gall, up to 30 mm in diameter, extremely hard, same color and texture as branch............................................ Synophrus olivieri Kieffer , sexual (spring) generation, original gall inducer unknown ( Fig. 42 View FIGURES 41–46 )
23. Very sticky, deeply grooved, velvety gall, up to 20 mm in diameter, at tips of young branches, bright green to deep purple........................................................ Dryocosmus mayri Müllner , sexual (fall) generation ( Fig. 46 View FIGURES 41–46 )
- Gall not sticky, different from above...................................................................... 24
24. Spherical gall composed of rigid mushroom-shaped subunits; green, soft and completely covered by short, white fuzz when young, woody and fuzzy only on tip of subunits when mature.................................................................................................... Andricus miriami Shachar , asexual (fall) generation ( Figs 43–44 View FIGURES 41–46 )
- Amorphous, very hairy gall, composed of small triangular subunits, densely covered by long hair, whitish-pinkish when young, golden-brown when mature.............................. Chilaspis israeli , sexual (spring) generation ( Fig. 45 View FIGURES 41–46 )
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.