Spinopilar Mello-Leitão, 1940

Kury, Adriano B. & Araujo, Débora C., 2021, On Spinopilar from Rio de Janeiro state with description of three new species (Opiliones, Laniatores, Cryptogeobiidae), Zootaxa 4984 (1), pp. 148-181 : 151-152

Spinopilar Mello-Leitão, 1940

Spinopilar Mello-Leitão 1940: 102 . Kury 2003: 204; 2014: 24.

Type species. Spinopilar armatus Mello-Leitão, 1940 (by original designation)

Placement. Spinopilar originally described in Phalangodidae Tricommatinae. Transferred to Cryptogeobiidae by Kury (2014).

Etymology. Spinopilar from Latin spîna (thorn) + toponym Pilar. Gender masculine.

Diagnosis. Stigmatic area fused to Cx IV along most of their area of contact ( Figs 6A , 16B ). Some species bear a stridulatory organ matching the ectal surface of basichelicerite and mesal surface of Pp Fe ( Figs 17C–E , 22B–D ). Distalmost megaspine of Pp Ti much longer than the others ( Fig. 7C ). Cx IV of male with retroventral L-shaped apophysis with ectal branch fasciolate ( Figs 11B, D ). Tr IV of male with well-developed retrolateral apophysis, with secondary fasciolate branch associated with a PTC ( Figs 21A–F ). Malleus with a dorsobasal hyaline haematodocha (DHB, Figs 9C , 25B ). Skirt with short stem, flabellum wide and short with individual barbels deeply serrate ( Figs 9E, F , 19I , 25D ).

Species included [with indication of WWF Ecoregions]. Spinopilar anomalis (Sørensen, 1932) [NT0150], Spinopilar apiacaensis Kury, 1992 [NT0104], Spinopilar armatipes (B. Soares, 1972) [NT0150], Spinopilar armatus Mello-Leitão, 1940 [NT0160], Spinopilar friburguensis (H. Soares, 1946) [NT0160], Spinopilar insignitus ( Roewer, 1949) [NT0101], Spinopilar jocheni spec. nov. [NT0160], Spinopilar magistralis spec. nov. [NT0160], Spinopilar martialis spec. nov. [NT0102] and Spinopilar moria Kury & Pérez-González, 2008 [NT0704, cavedwelling].

Distribution. Brazilian Atlantic Forest: states of Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina and São Paulo. Argentina (extreme NE), Paraguay (extreme E), both in the Atlantic Forest domain. Occurrence in Paraná state is highly likely. The presence of so many closely related species of cryptogeobiids in a relatively small area indicates high micro-endemism of those leaf-litter dwelling Laniatores and allows the prediction of a great number of undescribed species in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, most of which are probably extinct due to heavy deforestation of that area ( Fig. 2 ).

Figures

FIGURE 2. Southeastern part of Brazilian Atlantic Forest showing the distribution of the species of Spinopilar. Colored background areas are WWF ecoregions. Magenta lines are the boundaries of Brazilian states. All species occur in type 01 biome (Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests) except the cave-dwelling S. moria which might be a relict from a more humid epoch. The presence of at least six yet undescribed species (white Xs) gives a glimpse of the hidden diversity of the genus. The micro-endemism in Rio de Janeiro is shown by the presence of six species in that state.

FIGURES 6A–D. Spinopilar armatus Mello-Leitão, 1940, ♂ (MNRJ 2251). A–B Cx–Fe IV & stigmatic area (A ventral, B detail). C Primary trochanteral cluster, ventral. D Coxal fasciolate hyaline apophysis, apical view of bundle. CxFAp—Coxal fasciolate hyaline apophysis. PTC—primary trochanteral cluster. STC—secondary trochanteral cluster of setae. TrFAp—Trochanteral fasciolate hyaline apophysis. Scale bars: 500 μm (A); 100 μm (B); 10 μm (C, D).

FIGURES 7A–D. Spinopilar armatus Mello-Leitão, 1940, ♂ (MNRJ 2251). A–B Left chelicera (A mesal, B ectal). C–D Left Pedipalp (C mesal, D detail of Femur, mesal). Scale bars: 200 μm (C); 100 μm (A–B, D).

FIGURES 9A–H. Spinopilar armatus Mello-Leitão, 1940 (MNRJ 2251), ♂ genitalia, distal part. A–B Lateral (A panoramic, B detail). C Dorsal. D Ventral. E Lamina parva, isolated, ventral. F–H Stylus and flabellum (F, H apical; G dorso-lateral). Macrosetae identified using colored letters A–E. DHB—dorsal hyaline button. Scale bars: 50 μm (A, C), 20 μm (B, D, F), 10 μm (E, G, H).

FIGURES 11A–F. Spinopilar jocheni spec. nov., ♂ paratype (MNRJ 7115) from Pedra de Guaratiba (A–B, D–F ventral, C dorsal). A Sternal region and Cx I–III. B Cx–Tr IV & stigmatic area. C Cx–Tr IV & surrounding region. D–F Detail of junction Cx-Tr-stigmatic area, showing lobes (colorized) (E greater magnification showing fasciolate hyaline apophyses, F detail of bundle of enlarged setae). PTC—proximal trochanteral cluster. Scale bars: 200 μm (A, B), 100 μm (C, D), 50 μm (E), 10 μm (F).

FIGURES 16A–F. Spinopilar martialis spec. nov., holotype ♂ (MNRJ 9094) from Macaé. A Habitus, ventral. B–D Detail of stigmatic area and Cx/Tr IV (B ventral, C ventro-frontal, D right side, ventro-lateral). E Right side border of dorsal scutum at carapace, showing ozopore. F Left Cx–Tr IV, detail showing each FAp. cML—conk-shaped median lobe of stigmatic area, hSL—halter-shaped lateral lobe of stigmatic area, SC—secondary trochanteral cluster of setae, PTC—primary trochanteral cluster. Scale bars: 1 mm (C), 500 μm (A, B, D), 50 μm (E, F).

FIGURES 17A–E. Spinopilar martialis spec. nov., holotype ♂ (MNRJ 9094) from Macaé. A Left chelicera, ectal. B Left ba- sichelicerite, plectrum, ectal. C–E Right Fe of pedipalp (C mesal, D opposite side, detail of pars stridens, mesal, E detail of pars stridens). Scale bars: 100 μm (A, C), 50 μm (D), 20 μm (B), 10 μm (E).

FIGURES 19A–I. Spinopilar martialis spec. nov., holotype ♂ (MNRJ 9094) from Macaé, distal part of genitalia (A dorsal, B lateral, C ventral, D same, detail of lamina parva, E apical, F–I stylus & glans [F latero-apical, G lateral, H ventro-apical, I apical]). Scale bars: 50 μm (A, B), 20 μm (C, E), 10 μm (D, F, G, H, I).

FIGURES 21A–F. Spinopilar magistralis spec. nov., ♂ paratype (MNRJ 19189), Cx–Fe IV and stigmatic area. A Habitus, ventral, B Right Tr IV, ventral, C Ventral complex of interlocking processes, right side, fasciolate hyaline apophyses and sternites in situ, ventral, D Left Tr IV, showing primary trochanteral cluster, ventro-lateral, E Detail of PTC, F Detail of secondary trochanteral cluster of setae. STC—secondary trochanteral cluster of setae. PTC—primary trochanteral cluster. Scale bars: 500 μm (A), 100 μm (B, C, D), 20 μm (F), 10 μm (E).

FIGURES 22A–I. Spinopilar magistralis spec. nov., ♂ paratype (MNRJ 19189), chelicera & pedipalp. A–D Left chelicerae (A frontal, B ecta, C detail of plectra, ecto-frontal, D detail of two individual plectra, ecto-frontal), E Right pedipalp, ectal, F–I Left pedipalp (F mesal, G details of Tr and Fe, meso-frontal, H Fe, detail of pars stridens, mesal, I detail of pars stridens, mesal). Scale bars: 200 μm (E, F),100 μm (A, B, G, H), 50 μm (C), 10 μm (I), 5 μm (D).

FIGURES 25A–G. Spinopilar magistralis spec. nov., ♂ paratype (MNRJ 19189), distal part of genitalia (A lateral, panoramic, B detail of A, C dorsal, panoramic, D detail of C, E ventral, panoramic, F detail of E, G dorso-apical). DHB—dorsal hyaline button. Scale bars: 50 μm (A, C, E), 20 μm (B, D, F, G).