Corynosoma australe, Johnston, 1937

Hernández-Orts, Jesús S., Kuchta, Roman, Semenas, Liliana, Crespo, Enrique A., González, Raúl A. & Aznar, Francisco J., 2019, An annotated list of the Acanthocephala from Argentina, Zootaxa 4663 (1), pp. 1-64 : 24-29

Corynosoma australe ( Figs. 5–16 )

(syn. Corynosoma otariae Morini & Boero, 1960 )

Actinopterygii

Acanthistius patachonicus (Jenyns) ( Perciformes , Serranidae ). SI: mesenteries. SD: cystacanth. L: Chubut Province: northern Patagonian shelf (42º45’– 42º59’S, 61º09’– 62º58’W). R: Hernández-Orts (2013), Hernández-Orts et al. (2019a,b).

Brama brama (Bonnaterre) ( Perciformes , Bramidae ). SI: mesenteries. SD: cystacanth. L: Santa Cruz Province: central Patagonian shelf (47º00’– 47º19’S, 61º59’– 64º25’W). R: Hernández-Orts (2013), Hernández-Orts et al. (2019a,b).

Conger orbignianus Valenciennes ( Anguilliformes , Congridae ). SI: body cavity, mesenteries. SD: cystacanth. L: Buenos Aires Province: Villa Gesell, (37°30’S, 56°39’W), Bahía Blanca (38°45’S, 62°15’W). R: Tanzola and Guagliardo (2000), Timi et al. (2011), Timi and Lanfranchi (2013).

Congiopodus peruvianus (Cuvier) ( Scorpaeniformes , Congiopodidae ). SI: mesenteries. SD: cystacanth. L: Santa Cruz Province: central Patagonian shelf (47º00’– 47º19’S, 61º59’– 64º25’W). R: Hernández-Orts (2013), Hernández-Orts et al. (2019a,b).

Cottoperca gobio (Günther) ( Perciformes , Bovichtidae ). SI: mesenteries. SD: cystacanth. L: Chubut Province: northern Patagonian shelf (42º45’– 42º59’S, 61º09’– 62º58’W); Santa Cruz Province: central Patagonian shelf (47º00’– 47º19’S, 61º59’– 64º25’W). R: Hernández-Orts (2013), Hernández-Orts et al. (2019a,b).

Cynoscion guatucupa (Cuvier) ( Perciformes , Sciaenidae ). SI: body cavity. SD: cystacanth. L: Buenos Aires Province: Mar del Plata (38°08’S, 57°32’W). R: Sardella et al. (2005), Timi et al. (2005), Timi et al. (2011). C: vouchers (MLP-He 5407).

Dules auriga Cuvier ( Perciformes , Serranidae ). SI: mesenteries. SD: cystacanth. L: Buenos Aires Province: North Argentine–Uruguayan Common Fishing Zone (36º07’– 36º28’S, 54º06’– 55º06’W), South Argentine– Uruguayan Common Fishing Zone (38º00’– 38º20’S, 56º18’– 57º16’W); Mar del Plata. R: Timi et al. (2011), Braicovich and Timi (2015) (see note below).

Engraulis anchoita (Hubbs & Marini) ( Clupeiformes , Engraulidae ). SI: mesenteries. SD: cystacanth. L: coast of Argentina (from 36ºS to 46ºS). R: Timi (2003), Timi and Poulin (2003), Timi et al. (2011).

Genypterus blacodes (Forster) ( Ophidiiformes , Ophidiidae ). SI: mesenteries. SD: cystacanth. L: Chubut Province: northern Patagonian shelf (42º45’– 42º59’S, 61º09’– 62º58’W); Santa Cruz Province: central Patagonian shelf (47º00’– 47º19’S, 61º59’– 64º25’W). R: Hernández-Orts (2013), Hernández-Orts et al. (2019a,b).

Helicolenus lahillei Norman ( Scorpaeniformes , Sebastidae ). SI: mesenteries. SD: cystacanth. L: coast of Buenos Aires Province. R: Timi et al. (2011).

Hippocampus sp. ( Syngnathiformes , Syngnathidae ). SI: body cavity, digestive tract. SD: cystacanth. L: Río Negro Province: San Antonio Bay, (40°47’S, 64°54’W). R: Braicovich et al. (2005). C: vouchers (MLP-He 5422).

Macruronus magellanicus Lönnberg ( Gadiformes , Merlucciidae ). SI: mesenteries. SD: cystacanth. L: Santa Cruz Province: central Patagonian shelf (47º00’– 47º19’S, 61º59’– 64º25’W). R: Hernández-Orts (2013), Hernández-Orts et al. (2019a,b).

Merluccius hubbsi Marini ( Gadiformes , Merlucciidae ). SI: mesenteries. SD: cystacanth. L: Buenos Aires Province:Argentine-Uruguayan Common Fishing Zone, coast of Buenos Aires Province; Río Negro Province: San Matías Gulf (41º40’– 42º00’S, 63º50’–65ºW); Patagonian Shelf (45º50’– 47º10’S, 60º20’– 63º10’W). R: Sardella and Timi (1996, 2004), Timi et al. (2011), Lanfranchi et al. (2016) (see note below).

Micropogonias furnieri (Desmarest) ( Perciformes , Sciaenidae ). SI: body cavity. SD: cystacanth. L: Buenos Aires Province: Samborombón Bay, Mar Chiquita Lagoon (37°32’S, 57°19’W), Mar del Plata. R: Sardella et al. (1995), Alarcos and Etchegoin (2010).

Mullus argentinae Hubbs & Marini ( Perciformes , Mullidae ). SI: mesenteries. SD: cystacanth. L: Buenos Aires Province: Mar del Plata (38º27’S, 57º90’W); Chubut Province: northern Patagonian shelf (42º45’– 42º59’S, 61º09’– 62º58’W). R: Lanfranchi et al. (2009), Timi et al. (2011), Hernández-Orts (2013), Hernández-Orts et al. (2019a,b).

Nemadactylus bergi (Norman) ( Perciformes , Cheilodactylidae ). SI: mesenteries. SD: cystacanth. L: Buenos Aires Province: Mar del Plata (38°27’S, 57°90’W); Chubut Province: northern Patagonian shelf (42º45’– 42º59’S, 61º09’– 62º58’W); Santa Cruz Province: central Patagonian shelf (47º00’– 47º19’S, 61º59’– 64º25’W). R: Rossin and Timi (2010), Timi et al. (2011), Hernández-Orts (2013), Hernández-Orts et al. (2019a,b).

Odontesthes argentinensis (Valenciennes) ( Atheriniformes , Atherinopsidae ). SI: unknown. SD: cystacanth. L: Buenos Aires Province: Mar Chiquita Lagoon (37°32’S, 57°19’W). R: Alarcos and Etchegoin (2010).

Odontesthes smitti (Lahille) ( Atheriniformes , Atherinopsidae ). SI: body cavity, liver. SD: cystacanth. L: Buenos Aires Province: Mar del Plata (38º03’S; 57º32’W); Chubut Province: Larralde Beach (42º25’S, 64º07’W), Puerto Madryn Beach (42º47’S, 65º02’W). R: Carballo et al. (2011, 2012). C: vouchers (MLP-He accession numbers not provided) (see note below).

Pagrus pagrus (Linnaeus) ( Perciformes , Sparidae ). SI: mesenteries; SI: cystacanth. L: Buenos Aires Province: Mar del Plata (38°20’S, 56°40’W). R: Timi et al. (2011), Soares et al. (2018).

Paralichthys isosceles Jordan ( Pleuronectiformes , Paralichthyidae ). SI: mesenteries. SD: cystacanth. L: Buenos Aires Province: Necochea (38°52’S, 58°10’W); Chubut Province: northern Patagonian shelf (42º45’– 42º59’S, 61º09’– 62º58’W). R: Alarcos and Timi (2012), Timi et al. (2011), Hernández-Orts et al. (2012b), Hernández-Orts (2013), Lanfranchi et al. (2016), Hernández-Orts et al. (2019a,b).

Paralichthys orbignyanus (Valenciennes) ( Pleuronectiformes , Paralichthyidae ). SI: unknown. SD: cystacanth. L: Buenos Aires Province: Mar Chiquita Lagoon (37°32’S, 57°19’W). R: Alarcos and Etchegoin (2010).

Paralichthys patagonicus Jordan ( Pleuronectiformes , Paralichthyidae ). SI: mesenteries. SD: cystacanth. L: Buenos Aires Province: Necochea (38°52’S, 58°10’W). R: Alarcos and Timi (2012).

Patagonotothen ramsayi (Regan) ( Perciformes , Nototheniidae ). SI: mesenteries. SD: cystacanth. L: Chubut Province: northern Patagonian shelf (42º45’– 42º59’S, 61º09’– 62º58’W); Santa Cruz Province: central Patagonian shelf (47º00’– 47º19’S, 61º59’– 64º25’W). R: Hernández-Orts (2013), Hernández-Orts et al. (2019a,b).

Percophis brasiliensis Quoy & Gaimard ( Perciformes , Percophidae ). SI: mesenteries. SD: cystacanth. L: Buenos Aires Province: Villa Gesell (37°50’S, 56°15’W), South of the Argentine–Uruguayan Common Fishing Zone (38°08’S, 57°32’W), Mar del Plata (38°20’S, 56°40’W), Necochea (39°20’S, 58°45’W), El Rincón (39– 41°S; 60– 62°W); Río Negro Province: San Matías Gulf (41°40’– 42°10’S, 63°50’– 65°00’W); Chubut Province: northern Patagonian shelf (42º45’– 42º59’S, 61º09’– 62º58’W). R: Braicovich and Timi (2008, 2010), Timi et al. (2011), Hernández-Orts (2013), Braicovich et al. (2016, 2017), Lanfranchi et al. (2016), Hernández-Orts et al. (2019a,b). C: vouchers (MZU HN1-13528).

Pinguipes brasilianus Cuvier ( Perciformes , Pinguipedidae ). SI: mesenteries. SD: cystacanth. L: Buenos Aires Province: Villa Gesell (37°15’S; 57°23’W), Miramar (38°03’S; 57°30’W), coast of Buenos Aires Province (38°27’S, 57°90’W); Río Negro Province: Lobos Port (42°S, 65°10’W); Chubut Province: Craker Bay (42°09’S, 64°05’W). R: Timi et al. (2008, 2009, 2010, 2011).

Porichthys porosissimus (Cuvier) ( Batrachoidiformes , Batrachoididae ). SI: body cavity. SD: cystacanth. L: Buenos Aires Province: Bahía Blanca (38°45’S, 62°15’W). R: Tanzola et al. (1997).

Prionotus nudigula Ginsburg ( Scorpaeniformes , Triglidae ). SI: mesenteries. SD: cystacanth. L: Buenos Aires Province: Mar del Plata (38°27’S, 57°90’W); Chubut Province: northern Patagonian shelf (42º45’– 42º59’S, 61º09’– 62º58’W). R: Timi and Lanfranchi (2009a), Timi et al. (2011), Hernández-Orts (2013), Hernández- Orts et al. (2019a,b).

Pseudopercis semifasciata (Cuvier) ( Perciformes , Pinguipedidae ). SI: mesenteries. SD: cystacanth. L: Buenos Aires Province:Villa Gesell (37º15’S, 57º23’W), Miramar and Necochea (38º03’– 38º44’S, 57º30’– 58º44’W); Chubut Province: Valdés Peninsula (42º00’– 42º45’S), northern Patagonian shelf (42º45’– 42º59’S, 61º09’– 62º58’W). R: Timi and Lanfranchi (2009b), Timi et al. (2011), Hernández-Orts (2013), Hernández-Orts et al. (2019a,b).

Raneya brasiliensis (Kaup) ( Ophidiiformes , Ophidiidae ). SI: mesenteries. SD: cystacanth. L: Buenos Aires Province: Mar del Plata (37°50’– 38°04’S, 56°54’– 56°40’W); Chubut Province: northern Patagonian shelf (42º45’– 42º59’S, 61º09’– 62º58’W); Chubut and Santa Cruz Provinces: San Jorge Gulf (46°00’S, 65°00’W). R: Vales et al. (2011), Hernández-Orts (2013), Hernández-Orts et al. (2019a,b).

Scomber colias Gmelin ( Perciformes , Scombridae ). SI: mesenteries. SD: cystacanth. L: Buenos Aires Province: Mar del Plata (37º–38ºS, 56º–57ºW), El Rincón (39º–41ºS, 60º–61ºW); Santa Cruz Province: central Patagonian shelf (47º00’– 47º19’S, 61º59’– 64º25’W). R: Cremonte and Sardella (1997), Hernández-Orts (2013), Hernández-Orts et al. (2019a,b) (see note below).

Sebastes capensis (Gmelin) ( Scorpaeniformes , Sebastidae ). SI: unknown. SD: cystacanth. L: Chubut Province: San Jorge Gulf (43º45’S). R: González et al. (2006b).

Seriolella porosa Guichenot ( Perciformes , Centrolophidae ). SI: body cavity, mesenteries. SD: cystacanth. L: Río Negro Province: San Matías Gulf (41°00’S, 64°00’W); Chubut Province: northern Patagonian shelf (42º45’– 42º59’S, 61º09’– 62º58’W). R: Hernández-Orts (2013), Guagliardo et al. (2014), Hernández-Orts et al. (2019a,b).

Stromateus brasiliensis Fowler ( Perciformes , Stromateidae ). SI: mesenteries. SD: cystacanth. L: Chubut Province: northern Patagonian shelf (42º45’– 42º59’S, 61º09’– 62º58’W). R: Hernández-Orts (2013), Hernández-Orts et al. (2019a,b).

Trachurus lathami Nichols ( Perciformes , Carangidae ). SI: mesenteries. SD: cystacanth. L: Buenos Aires Province: Villa Gesell (37°50’S, 56°15’W), Miramar (38º03’– 38º44’S, 57º30’– 58º44’W). R: Timi et al. (2011), Braicovich et al. (2012), Lanfranchi et al. (2016).

Umbrina canosai Berg ( Perciformes , Sciaenidae ). SI: mesenteries. SD: cystacanth. L: Buenos Aires Province: San Clemente del Tuyú (36°50’S, 56°39’W), Villa Gesell (37°20’– 37°40’S, 56°15’– 56°45’W), Necochea (38°33’– 39°13’S, 57°41’– 59°05’W). R: Canel et al. (2019).

Xystreurys rasile ( Jordan) ( Pleuronectiformes , Paralichthyidae ). SI: mesenteries. SD: cystacanth. L: Buenos Aires Province: Villa Gesell (36º44’S, 55º44’W), Necochea (38°52’S, 58°10’W); Chubut Province: northern Patagonian shelf (42º45’– 42º59’S, 61º09’– 62º58’W); Santa Cruz Province: central Patagonian shelf (47º00’– 47º19’S, 61º59’– 64º25’W). R: Timi et al. (2011), Alarcos and Timi (2012, 2013), Hernández-Orts (2013), Hernández-Orts et al. (2019a,b).

Zenopsis conchifer (Lowe) ( Zeiformes , Zeidae ). SI: mesenteries. SD: cystacanth. L: Buenos Aires Province: Argentine-Uruguayan Common Fishing Zone (35º32’– 35º35’S, 53º06’– 53º25’W). R: Lanfranchi et al. (2016).

Note. Cystacanths of Corynosoma australe were reported as Corynosoma sp. in Odontesthes smitti by Carballo et al. (2011) and Merluccius hubbsi by Sardella and Timi (1996). Timi et al. (2011) reported cystacanths of Corynosoma australe in Serranus auriga , but the current accepted name for this host is Dules auriga . Atlantic chub mackerels were reported as Scomber japonicus by Cremonte and Sardella (1997) and Hernández-Orts (2013), but the current accepted name is Scomber colias .

Mammalia

Arctocephalus australis Zimmermann ( Carnivora , Otariidae ). SI: intestine. SD: adult. L: Buenos Aires Province: San Clemente del Tuyú (36º30’S, 56º20’W), Claromecó (38º22’S, 60º16’W); Río Negro and Chubut Provinces: northern Patagonia (40º43’– 43º20’S, 63º04’– 65º07’W). R: Sardella et al. (2005), Hernández- Orts et al. (2013, 2015, 2017a). C: vouchers (MLP-He 5405; NHMUK 2012.5.15.93–122). DNA sequences: partial sequences for the 28S rDNA ( MF 497330 ); partial sequences for the cox 1 ( MF 497333 ) .

Hydrurga leptonyx de Blainville ( Carnivora , Phocidae ). SI: stomach. SD: juvenile. L: Tierra del Fuego Province: San Sebastián Bay (53°17’S, 68°28’W). R: Hernández-Orts et al. (2015).

Lagenorhynchus obscurus Gray ( Cetacea, Delphinidae ). SI: stomach. SD: unknown. L: Patagonia. R: Dans et al. (1999), Hernández-Orts et al. (2015).

Mirounga leonina Linnaeus ( Carnivora , Phocidae ). SI: intestine. SD: adult. L: Buenos Aires Province: San Clemente del Tuyú (36º30’S, 56º20’W). R: Sardella et al. (2005), Hernández-Orts et al. (2015). C: vouchers (MLP-He 5406).

Otaria flavescens Shaw ( Carnivora , Otariidae ). SI: faeces, intestine. SD: adult. L: Buenos Aires Province: Quequén Port (38º37’S, 58º50’W); Río Negro and Chubut Provinces: northern Patagonia (40º43’– 43º20’S, 63º04’– 65º07’W). R: Morini and Boero (1960), Aznar et al. (2006, 2012), Hernández-Orts et al. (2012b, 2013, 2015, 2017a,b). C: vouchers (NHMUK 2012.5.15.1–20; MZU accession number not provided by Aznar et al. 2006). DNA sequences: partial sequences for the 28S rDNA ( MF497331 ); partial sequences for the cox 1 ( KX957714 ; MF497334 ).

Phocoena dioptrica Lahille ( Cetacea, Phocoenidae ). SI: intestine. SD: juvenile. L: Chubut Province: Playa Unión Beach. R: Berón-Vera et al. (2008), Hernández-Orts et al. (2015). C: vouchers (LAMAMA, accession numbers not provided) (see note below).

Pontoporia blainvillei Gervais & d’Orbigny ( Cetacea, Pontoporiidae ). SI: faeces. SD: juvenile. L: Buenos Aires Province: Necochea (38º27’S, 58º50’W), Claromecó (38º52’S, 60º05’W). R: Aznar et al. (2012), Hernández- Orts et al. (2015) (see note below).

Tursiops truncatus Montagu ( Cetacea, Delphinidae ). SI: duodenal ampulla, intestine, main and pyloric stomachs; SD: juvenile; L: Río Negro and Chubut Provinces: Chubut Province: Playa Unión Beach (43°24’S, 65°03’W); northern Patagonia (40°30’– 43°30’S, 64°– 65°W). R: Sánchez et al. (2002), Romero et al. (2014), Hernández- Orts et al. (2015). C: vouchers (LAMAMA, accession numbers not provided; PCMZU, accession numbers not provided) (see note below).

Note. Berón-Vera et al. (2008) reported mature males in the intestine of Phocoena dioptrica . The stage of development of Corynosoma australe in Phocoena dioptrica might be wrong, since this acanthocephalan apparently is unable to mature in cetaceans (see Aznar et al. 2012). The stage of development reported for Corynosoma australe in Tursiops truncatus by Sánchez et al. (2006) might be wrong, since Corynosoma australe apparently is unable to mature in cetaceans (see Aznar et al. 2012).

Figures

FIGURES 5–10. Scanning electron micrographs of adult males of Corynosoma australe Johnston, 1937 from South American sea lion Otaria flavescens. 5. Whole worm, ventral view. 6. Proboscis, apical view. 7. Proboscis, lateral view. 8. Genital spines and genital pore, basal view. 9. Copulatory bursa, lateral view. The white arrows point sensory receptors. 10. Detail of sensory receptors in the copulatory bursa.

FIGURES 11–16. Scanning electron micrographs of adult females of Corynosoma australe Johnston, 1937 from South American sea lion Otaria flavescens. 11.Whole worm, ventral view. 12. Proboscis, apical view. 13. Proboscis, lateral view. 14. Posterior end of trunk, ventral view. 15. Spines near genital pore, basal view. 16. Posterior end of trunk with copulatory caps, lateral view.