Cyrtandra longistamina H.J.Atkins & Karton., 2021

Atkins, H. J. & Kartonegoro, A., 2021, A TAXONOMIC REVISION OF CYRTANDRA (GESNERIACEAE) IN SULAWESI, INDONESIA, Edinburgh Journal of Botany 78 (364), pp. 1-122 : 68-71

21. Cyrtandra longistamina H.J.Atkins & Karton. , sp. nov.

Similar to Cyrtandra fasciata H.J.Atkins in its tessellate, scaly stem and decurrent leaves but distinguished by corolla colour (corolla creamy white or yellow with no stripes in C. longistamina versus corolla yellow with red stripes in C. fasciata ), pedicel length (pedicel 15–30 mm long in C. longistamina versus pedicel 4–5 mm long in C. fasciata ), calyx length (calyx 15 mm long in C. longistamina versus calyx 28 mm long in C. fasciata ) and calyx texture (calyx membranaceous and not ridged in C. longistamina versus calyx leathery and strongly ridged in C. fasciata ).

– Type: Indonesia, Sulawesi, Central Sulawesi, Mt Sojol , 27 ii 2000, Mendum et al. 00197 (holotype E, isotype BO) . Figure 34 .

Woody herb, shrub or small tree 3–6 m in height. Stems tessellate, scaly, glabrous. Leaves opposite; those of a pair subequal; petioles 3–9 cm long, hairy towards base, particularly on young growth; blades 10–35 × 5–11 cm, narrow oblong, base decurrent, more or less symmetrical, margins serrulate to serrate, apex short acuminate; 10–15 pairs of lateral veins and reticulate tertiary venation; subglabrous above, hairy towards base of petiole, sparsely hairy below, more densely so on midrib and veins and base of petiole. Inflorescences axillary, sessile, 2- to 6-flowered; bracts light green, c.20 × 10 mm, ovate with slightly serrate margins, acuminate at apex, overlapping but not connate, glabrous; bracteoles similar to bracts but smaller and narrower; pedicels 15–30 mm long (elongating in fruit), glabrous, flushed dark reddish brown. Calyx tubular and somewhat inflated, membranaceous, pinkish or white, c. 15 mm long, lobes small, triangular, short-acuminate, 3–4 mm long, glabrous with a scattering of hairs on the apices of the lobes. Corolla creamy white or yellow, c. 25 mm long, very narrow, 3 mm wide at base and only widening slightly to the mouth, mouth strongly oblique, with lower lip elongated and strongly recurved, upper lobe oblong, c.4 × 4 mm, lateral lobes also somewhat recurved, c.4 × 3 mm, all lobes densely glandular hairy on inner surface, glabrous on outer surface. Stamens with filaments c. 16 mm long, attached c. 17 mm from base of corolla and extending beyond mouth of the corolla, glabrous; anthers 2–2.5 mm long, glabrous, connected at tips before dehiscence; staminodes 1–2 mm long, somewhat thickened at apex. Gynoecium c. 25 mm long; disc c. 1.5 mm long, glabrous with an undulate margin; ovary glabrous; style glandular hairy for whole length; stigma peltate to somewhat bilobed, c. 2 mm across. Fruits broad-ovoid, almost subglobose, glabrous, green (drying dark brown to black), 10–12 × 5–10 mm; calyx not or only partially persistent, base of style persistent.

Distribution. Central Sulawesi ( Figure 35 ).

Habitat and ecology. Lowland, hill and upland forest at an altitude of 300–1700 m.

Etymology. This species has been named for its long filaments that exceed the corolla.

Proposed IUCN conservation category. The EOO of Cyrtandra longistamina is 10,876 km 2 and the AOO is 24 km 2, based on a 2 × 2 km grid cell size, under the B criteria ( Bachman et al., 2011). It has been collected from a wide altitudinal range, from 300 m on Mount Dako to 1700 m on Mount Sojol, in montane forest ( Cannon et al., 2007), which is one of the least threatened forest types in Sulawesi. Because some of the collections were made within the Mount Sojol National Park and Lore Lindu National Park (UNEP-WCMC & IUCN, 2019), a conservation assessment of Least Concern (LC) is proposed for this species.

Additional specimens examined. INDONESIA. Central Sulawesi. Donggala: Puncak Pinimoang, east of Kampung Sipatoh on the way to Mt Sojol, 1153 m, 20 vii 2002, Brown, Craven, Juswara & Ramadhanil 83 (BO, E); Sigi: Lore Lindu National Park, 400 m N of Uwei Mbu, 17–26 vi 2011, Brambach 04-85 (CEB, E); Tolitoli: Mt Dako, Teluk Bone, Lakatan, 300 m, 24 ii 1985, Ramlanto & Fanani 509 (BO, L); Mt Galang-Dako, 6 vii 2018, Santoso & Rusdi WS209 (BO).

cf. Cyrtandra longistamina

West Sulawesi. Mamasa : Desa Sasakan Kec. Sumarorong, 850 m, 19 ii 1986, Yusuf & Wahyono 133 (BO) .

Cyrtandra longistamina is similar vegetatively to C. fasciata , C. flavomaculata and C. kinhoi in having decurrent leaves and tessellate stems. It can be distinguished by its long pedicels (particularly in fruit), pale membranaceous calyx, and corolla with an elongated and recurved lower lobe with filaments and style extending beyond the mouth of the corolla. It is a variable species in terms of leaf size but all leaves have a distinctive narrow oblong shape.

Three of the collections, including the type, are from localities in proximity to Mount Sojol on the western end of the northern arm of Sulawesi, although over quite a wide altitudinal range, and there is a single collection from Lore Lindu National Park, collected at an altitude of 700 m. A further collection from West Sulawesi, Yusuf & Wahyono 133, is placed here tentatively because it has tessellate stems and the remnants of a broad-ovoid fruit. However, it is not possible to identify this collection with certainty.

Figures

Figure 34. Cyrtandra longistamina H.J.Atkins & Karton., sp. nov. a, Habit; b, opened calyx, showing inner surface; c, bracteole; d, bract; e, fruit; f, detail of tessellate stem surface. Drawn by Claire Banks from Mendum et al. 00197.

Figure 35. Distribution of Cyrtandra kjellbergii (bright red circle), C. kinhoi (black triangles), C. longirostris (white circles) and C. longistamina (dark red circles).