Cyrtandra bruteliana Koord., Meded. Lands Plantentuin

Atkins, H. J. & Kartonegoro, A., 2021, A TAXONOMIC REVISION OF CYRTANDRA (GESNERIACEAE) IN SULAWESI, INDONESIA, Edinburgh Journal of Botany 78 (364), pp. 1-122 : 24-27

4. Cyrtandra bruteliana Koord., Meded. Lands Plantentuin 19: 550, 627 (1898).

– Type: Indonesia, Celebes [Sulawesi], Minahassa, Mt Lolombulan , 6 iv 1895, Koorders 17183β (lectotype BO, designated here; isolectotype L). Figure 15 .

Branching shrub to 2(–3) m in height. Stems striate, sparsely hairy, more densely so on young growth. Leaves appearing alternate, occasionally opposite with one of each pair highly reduced; petiole 10–15 mm long, sparsely hairy to hairy; blades of larger leaf (6–)12–18 × (2–) 4–6.5 cm, narrow elliptic to narrow oblong, acute and slightly asymmetrical at base, margins subentire to serrulate, apex long-acuminate to 15 mm; 7–10 pairs of lateral veins, veins prominent, curving upwards and running out to margin, tertiary venation faint, subglabrous above, sparsely hairy below, more densely so on midrib and veins. Inflorescences axillary, pedunculate in leaf axils or opposite leaves, 3–6(–8)-flowered; bracts green, lanceolate, not connate, 10–15 × 5 mm, sparsely hairy to hairy; bracteoles green, lanceolate, hairy, up to 7 × 3 mm; peduncles 5–15 mm long, densely hairy; pedicels 3–5 mm long, hairy. Calyx light green, evenly 5-lobed, 7–8 mm long, sparsely to densely hairy, lobes acuminate at apex, c. 5 mm long. Corolla white or yellow, sometimes with a greenish centre, more or less parallel-sided, widening only slightly to mouth, 12–13 mm long, lobes spreading, not strongly recurved, upper lobes c.2 × 3 mm, lower lobes c.3 × 3 mm, sparsely eglandular hairy externally. Stamens with filaments 3 mm long, attached 5 mm above base of corolla, glandular hairy; anthers less than 1 mm long, connected at tips before dehiscence; staminodes less than 1 mm long. Gynoecium 8 mm long; disc 1 mm long, cupular with undulate margin, glabrous; ovary subglabrous to sparsely glandular hairy; style glandular hairy for whole length; stigma capitate with two short, blunt lobes, c. 0.5 mm across. Fruits 5–10 × 3–5 mm, broad-ovoid to subglobose, sparsely hairy, green, remnants of calyx persistent, style and stigmas also often persistent, bracts and bracteoles sometimes persistent.

Distribution. North Sulawesi, Central Sulawesi, Southeast Sulawesi (see Figure 17 ).

Habitat and ecology. Cyrtandra bruteliana has been collected in forest over a wide altitudinal range, from 500 to 1400 m, but with most of the collections from altitudes over 1000 m in hill and upland forest.

Etymology. This species was named by Koorders after Dr Brutel de la Rivière, who assisted him with the publication of his comprehensive paper on fieldwork and botany in Minahasa ( Koorders, 1898).

Proposed IUCN conservation category. Cyrtandra bruteliana has an EOO of 162,078 km 2 and an AOO of 56 km 2, based on a 2 × 2 km grid cell size, under the B criteria ( Bachman et al., 2011). Given the relatively high numbers of recent collections from both the north and southeast of the island, and the fact that at least some of the collections are from the protected areas of Mount Ambang and Mount Sojol Nature Reserves and Bogani Nani Wartabone (formerly Dumoga Bone) National Park (UNEP-WCMC & IUCN, 2019), a provisional assessment of Least Concern (LC) is given for this species.

Additional specimens examined. INDONESIA. North Sulawesi. Bolaang Mongondow: Dumoga Bone National Park, vicinity of G. Sinombayuga, 30 ix 1991, Milliken 1132 (L); East Bolaang Mongondow: Mt Ambang Nature Reserve, 2 xi 2016, Barber, Atkins, Kartonegoro & Kinho BAKK39 (BO, E); Minahasa: Mt Tangkoko, 28 vi 1954, Alston 16129 (A, BM, BO); Mt Manimporok, 8 ii 2009, Girmansyah 1127 (BO); Gurupahi, Urskogen, 14 iv 1917, Kaudern 59 (L, S); Minahasa, Koorders 17199β (BO); South Minahasa: Leleasan, Wiau complex, 30 vi 1956, Forman 342 (BO, K, L).

Central Sulawesi. Donggala: Balukang, Siboang Desa , Dusun Maros , Camp 1, Puncak Pinimoang , east of Kampung Sipaton on the way to Mt Sojol , 20 vii 2002, Brown, Craven, Juswara & Ramadhanil 82 (BO, CEB n.v., E, L) ; Parigi Moutong: Pangi Binangga, Uwe lutu, CA, 20 vii 2018, Ardi WI 211 ( KRB) .

Southeast Sulawesi. Kolaka: Mount Watuwila, 24 iii 1929, Kjellberg 1020 (BO, S); Hutan Silui, Kecamatan Uluiwoi, 15 v 2008, Santika YS343 (BO, E, L); North Kolaka: Mt Mekongga, 19 iii, 2006, Girmansyah 584 (BO); Rante Angin subdistrict, Tinukari village, Mekongga mountain range, 7 viii 2009, Hidayat, Santika & Hapid AH 4217 (BO, E).

Cyrtandra bruteliana is distinctive in Sulawesi due to its combination of apparently alternate leaves with faint tertiary venation and broad ovoid to subglobose fruits with persistent calyces. It is similar morphologically to Cyrtandra callicarpifolia Elmer from the Philippines ( Elmer, 1910), particularly in the form of the inflorescence, although the leaves are smaller and narrower with serrate margins in the Philippine species.

Koorders did not specify a type for this species, so Koorders’ own collection, Koorders 17183β, is designated here as the lectotype. The sheet from Bogor contains the most detailed collection information, so that sheet is selected.

Figures

Figure 15. Cyrtandra bruteliana. a, Infructescence; b, side view of flower; c, stem and leaves. Photographs: Deden Girmansyah. Specimen: Girmansyah 1127.

Figure 17. Distribution of Cyrtandra bruteliana (black triangles) and C. celebica (red circles).