Cyrtandra boliohutensis Karton. & H.J.Atkins

Atkins, H. J. & Kartonegoro, A., 2021, A TAXONOMIC REVISION OF CYRTANDRA (GESNERIACEAE) IN SULAWESI, INDONESIA, Edinburgh Journal of Botany 78 (364), pp. 1-122 : 21-23

3. Cyrtandra boliohutensis Karton. & H.J.Atkins , Edinburgh J. Bot. 75(2): 178 (2018).

– Type: Indonesia, Gorontalo Province, Mt Boliohutu , 24 iv 2002, Atkins, Mendum, Newman, Hendrian & Sofyan 188 (holotype BO; isotypes E, L). Figure 13 .

Branching herb to 1 m in height. Stems slender, striate, sparsely hairy. Leaves opposite, both members of a pair well developed but somewhat unequal in size or with one leaf of a pair markedly reduced, sometimes appearing alternate; petioles 1.2–2.5 cm long, hairy; blades 7–14 × 3–5 cm, oblong to narrow oblong, occasionally somewhat rhomboid, base acute, slightly asymmetrical, margin serrate, apex acuminate; 4–6 pairs of lateral veins, curving and running out to margin, subglabrous above, sparsely hairy below, more densely so on midrib and veins. Reduced leaves (where present) 4–5 mm long, scale-like, occasionally cordate. Inflorescences subsessile to shortly pedunculate in leaf axils or at base of stems in the axils of fallen leaves, 1- or 2-flowered; peduncle 1–2 mm long, hairy; bracts elliptic or oblong, glabrous, greenish brown, 11–22 × 8–10 mm, partly enclosing calyx at the base, 2-lobed at apex or divided almost to base, sparsely hairy; bracteoles single, oblong, glabrous, green-brown, 10–16 × 5–6 mm; pedicels 2–5 mm long, sparsely hairy. Calyx tubular, ridged, green becoming dark red along ridges, 17–25 mm long, evenly 5-lobed, lobes c. 2 mm long, triangular, acuminate at apex, sparsely hairy externally. Corolla white, tube somewhat flushed pinkish externally, yellow in throat with fine, purple spots on the inside of lobes, 35–65 mm long, narrowly funnel-shaped, flattened laterally, brown eglandular hairy externally, lobes spreading not recurved, 9–10 × 5–8 mm. Stamens with filaments 8–12 mm long, attached 20–30 mm above base of corolla; anthers 1.5–3 mm long, coherent at apices, with a fringe of hairs at the base of each anther; staminodes 3, 4–7 mm long. Gynoecium 23–35 mm long; disc cupular with lobed margin, 2 mm long, glabrous; ovary glabrous; style glabrous at base, eglandular hairy towards stigma; stigma peltate, slightly bilobed, c. 2 mm across. Fruits oblong to narrow ovoid, green or brown-green, glabrous, verrucose, 10–25 × 2–4 mm; calyx not or only partially persistent, base of style persistent.

Distribution. Gorontalo and Central Sulawesi ( Figure 14 ).

Habitat and ecology. Lowland to upland forest at an altitude of 50–1400 m.

Etymology. This species is named after one of the mountains on which it was first collected ( Kartonegoro et al., 2018).

Proposed IUCN conservation category. The EOO of this species is 28,566 km 2 and the AOO is 16 km 2, based on a 2 × 2 km grid cell size, under the B criteria ( Bachman et al., 2011). Many of the collection localities are at relatively low altitudes, where the general threat to this habitat type on the island is known to be high ( Cannon et al., 2007; Thomas et al., 2011). However, they are all within protected areas: the Nantu Sanctuary Forest, the Mount Sojol Nature Reserve and the Lore Lindu National Park (UNEP-WCMC & IUCN, 2019). Because all the collection localities fall within protected areas, this species is assessed as Least Concern (LC).

Additional specimens examined. INDONESIA. Gorontalo. Gorontalo: Mt Boliohutu , 320 m, 24 iv 2002, Atkins et al. 190 (BO, E, K, L) ; ibid., 320 m, 24 iv 2002, Scott, S. 02-126, grown at RBGE as accession 20021906A, vouchered as Scott 505 (E) .

Central Sulawesi. Donggala: Mt Sojol , 1400 m, 27 ii 2000, Mendum et al. 00196 (BO, E, L) ; Parigi Moutong: Pangi Binangga, Uwe lutu, 20 vii 2018, Ardi WI 212 ( KRB) ; Sigi: Lore Lindu National Park, Mt Nokilalaki , 24 vii 2018, Ardi WI 224 ( KRB) ; Ponoh , 3 km NE of Toro village, 12 xii 2007, Cicuzza 549 (E) .

Cyrtandra boliohutensis is morphologically similar to a group of Bornean species, including C. basiflora C.B.Clarke and C. mendumiae Hilliard & B.L.Burtt , that all have large flowers at the base of the stem, slightly rhomboid leaves and a strongly ridged calyx. It is most easily distinguished from these by the distinctive tuft of hairs on the base of the anthers and the short peduncles, only 1–2 mm long in Cyrtandra boliohutensis and 5–20 mm long in the Bornean species.

Figures

Figure 13. Cyrtandra boliohutensis. a, Side view of flower; b, front view of flower; c, inflorescence. Photographs: a and b, Steve Scott; c, Hannah Atkins. Reproduced from Kartonegoro et al. (2018) with the permission of the Trustees of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh.

Figure 14. Distribution of Cyrtandra albiflora (black triangle), C. balgooyi (black squares) and C. boliohutensis (red circles).