Cyrtandra fasciata H.J.Atkins

Atkins, H. J. & Kartonegoro, A., 2021, A TAXONOMIC REVISION OF CYRTANDRA (GESNERIACEAE) IN SULAWESI, INDONESIA, Edinburgh Journal of Botany 78 (364), pp. 1-122 : 33-35

7. Cyrtandra fasciata H.J.Atkins , Edinburgh J. Bot. 60(3): 309 (2004).

– Type: Indonesia, Sulawesi, Gorontalo, Mt Gambuta , 10 iv 2002, Atkins et al. 54 (holotype BO; isotypes E, K, L). Figure 18 .

Herb to 80 cm in height. Stems woody at base, bark tessellate, scaly, glabrous. Leaves opposite; both in each pair well developed but somewhat unequal in size; petioles 1–1.5 cm long, glabrous to sparsely hairy; blades 14–22 × 3.5–4.5 cm, narrow elliptic to narrow oblong, base decurrent, margin serrulate, short acuminate at apex; 9–12 pairs of lateral veins and some short side veins running to adjacent teeth, subglabrous above and below with some hairs on midrib and veins below. Inflorescences axillary, sessile, 1- to 3-flowered; bracts brown or light green, c.20 × 2 mm, linear, apex acuminate, sparsely felted-hairy, not connate; pedicels 4–5 mm long, sparsely hairy. Calyx tubular, longitudinally ridged, flushed reddish pink at base, yellow above or pale yellow throughout, 28 mm long, three upper lobes c. 7 mm, acuminate, two lower lobes united in a shallowly notched limb c. 14 mm long, sparsely hairy. Corolla yellow with red stripes on lobes or pale yellow throughout, 32–40 mm long, erect, arcuate, narrow below, widening towards mouth, lobes strongly recurved, constricted just below rounded apex, all lobes 10 × 5–6 mm, sparsely hairy externally, densely glandular hairy internally, on lobes. Stamens with filaments c. 10 mm long, attached c. 18 mm above base of corolla, yellow; anthers c. 4 mm long, not cohering at tips before anthesis on specimens seen, back of anthers glandular hairy; staminodes c. 3 mm long. Gynoecium 20–25 mm long; disc cupular, margin even, glabrous, c. 1 mm long; ovary glabrous; style glandular hairy for whole length; stigma bilobed, lobes vertical, c. 1 mm long, densely glandular hairy on outer surface of lobes. Fruits ovoid, glabrous, green when unripe, 20 × 10 mm, calyx and base of style persistent.

Distribution. Gorontalo and Central Sulawesi (see Figure 20 ).

Habitat and ecology. Upland and montane forest at an altitude of 1000–1800 m.

Etymology. This species is named for its distinctive striped corolla ( Atkins, 2004).

Proposed IUCN conservation category. Based on the collections of fertile material of Cyrtandra fasciata that can be identified with confidence, the EOO of this species is 8792 km 2 and the AOO is 12 km 2, based on a 2 × 2 km grid cell size, under the B criteria ( Bachman et al., 2011). The type collection is from Mount Gambuta in the Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park, and the others are from the Mount Sojol and Mount Dako Nature Reserves (UNEP-WCMC & IUCN, 2019). They are from relatively high altitudes in upland and montane forest, which are the least threatened forest types in Sulawesi ( Cannon et al., 2007). Because of the relative lack of threat and the protected areas in which the species grows, a category of Least Concern (LC) is given for this species.

Additional specimens examined. INDONESIA. Central Sulawesi. Donggala: Mt Sojol , 26 ii 2000, Mendum, Argent & Hendrian 00160 (BO, E) ; ibid., 27 ii 2000, Mendum, Argent & Hendrian 00198 (BO, CEB, E, L) ; Sigi: Danau Kalimpa’a ( Danau Tambing ), 21 iii 2001, Kessler PK 3060 (K, L) ; Tolitoli: Mt Galang-Dako , 13 vii 2018, Santoso & Rusdi WS324 (BO) .

cf. Cyrtandra fasciata

Central Sulawesi. Sigi: Lore Lindu National Park, Danau Tambing , 1700 m, 23 v 1979, van Balgooy 3442 (BO, E, L) .

West Sulawesi. Polewali Mandar: Mamasa-Tabang Road , 21 vi 1974, Yoshida 1234 (BO) .

Southeast Sulawesi. North Kolaka: Mt Mekongga, Tinukari , on the way to camp 3, 30 vi 2011, Widjaja et al. 9711 (BO, E) .

Cyrtandra fasciata is similar vegetatively to C. flavomaculata H.J.Atkins & Karton. , C. kinhoi and C. longistamina in having decurrent leaves and tessellate stems. It can be distinguished from these, however, by its erect flowers with striped corolla lobes constricted below the tips. It also has smaller leaves and much narrower inflorescence bracts than those of Cyrtandra kinhoi , and shorter pedicels and much more tubular, ridged calyces than those of C. longistamina .

Two collections from West and Southeast Sulawesi (Yoshida 1234 and Widjaja et al. 9711) and one from Lore Lindu National Park in Central Sulawesi (van Balgooy 3442) have been placed here because they look most similar vegetatively to Cyrtandra fasciata . However, there is insufficient material to allow them to be identified with certainty.

Figures

Figure 18. Cyrtandra fasciata. a, Habit; b, opened corolla, showing position of stamens and staminodes; c, opened calyx, showing inner surface; d, gynoecium, including detail of stigma. Drawn by Christina Oliver from Atkins et al. 54. Reproduced from Atkins (2004) with the permission of the Trustees of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh.

Figure 20. Distribution of Cyrtandra engleri (black triangles), C. fasciata (red circles) and C. flavomaculata (black circles).