Cyrtandra gambutensis Karton. & H.J.Atkins

Atkins, H. J. & Kartonegoro, A., 2021, A TAXONOMIC REVISION OF CYRTANDRA (GESNERIACEAE) IN SULAWESI, INDONESIA, Edinburgh Journal of Botany 78 (364), pp. 1-122 : 41-43

10. Cyrtandra gambutensis Karton. & H.J.Atkins , Edinburgh J. Bot. 75(2): 180 (2018).

– Type: Indonesia, Sulawesi, Gorontalo Province, Mt Gambuta , 8 iv 2002, Atkins, Mendum, Newman, Hendrian & Sofyan 38 (holotype E, isotype BO) . Figure 22 .

Shrub 0.7–2.5 m in height. Stems striate, short hairy, appearing pubescent. Leaves opposite, unequal; one leaf of a pair markedly reduced; petioles 0.8–1.3 cm long, hairy; blades 6–9.5 × 1–2.5 cm, oblanceolate to narrow oblanceolate, base acute, slightly asymmetrical, margins subentire, apex short-acuminate, acumen 4–5 mm long; 8–11 pairs of lateral veins running straight out to margin without looping upwards, tertiary venation faint on herbarium specimens, glabrous above, hairy below, most densely so on midrib, veins and margin. Reduced leaves cordate, c.5 × 4 mm, resembling the larger leaves in other respects. Inflorescences axillary, sessile, 2- or 3-flowered; bracts oblong-lanceolate, 5 × 1 mm, hairy on both sides; bracteoles lanceolate, hairy, 3–4 × 0.5 mm; pedicels 3–5 mm long, densely hairy. Calyx tubular, white, green in bud, c. 15 mm long, densely hairy externally, three upper lobes c. 7 mm long, acuminate, two lower lobes c. 8 mm long, triangular, acuminate at apex. Corolla white with purple markings on lobes, tube narrow in basal 1/3, widening to mouth

in apical 2/3, 19–20 mm long, densely hairy externally, upper lobes rounded, c.4 × 2 mm, lower and lateral lobes ovate, c.5 × 3 mm. Stamens with filaments c. 5 mm long, attached c. 8 mm above base of corolla, white; anthers c. 1 mm long, not coherent at apices, purple; staminodes 3, lateral staminodes c. 2 mm long, central staminode highly reduced, less than 1 mm long. Gynoecium c. 11 mm long; disc cupular with undulate, fringed margin, glabrous externally, 2 mm long; ovary and style densely eglandular hairy; stigma bilobed, c. 2 mm across. Fruits oblong, dark green, cylindrical, densely hairy, c.9 × 3 mm; calyx not persistent, base of style persistent.

Distribution. North Sulawesi and Gorontalo (see Figure 24 ).

Habitat and ecology. Hill and upland forest at an altitude of 520– 950 m.

Etymology. Named after the mountain on which the type specimen was collected ( Kartonegoro et al., 2018).

Proposed IUCN conservation category. The low number of collections means that it has not been possible to calculate an EOO for this species, but it has an AOO of 8 km 2, based on a 2 × 2 km grid cell size, under the B criteria ( Bachman et al., 2011). The collections are from hill and upland forest, which are threatened in Sulawesi ( Cannon et al., 2007), but from within the boundaries of the Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park (UNEP-WCMC & IUCN, 2019). We conclude that as long as the protection of the national park remains, the species should remain safe, and therefore Cyrtandra gambutensis is assessed as Least Concern (LC).

Additional specimen examined. INDONESIA. North Sulawesi. Bolaang Mongondow: Dumoga Bone National Park [Bogani Nani Wartabone], Mt Mogogonipa , 10 iv 1985, de Vogel & Vermeulen 7081 (L) .

This species is part of a group in Sulawesi that share the characteristics of strongly anisophyllous leaves (wherein the smaller leaf is highly reduced); white or yellow corollas; and densely hairy calyces, corollas and fruits. The other species in the group are Cyrtandra balgooyi , C. engleri , C. gorontaloensis , C. parvicalyx and C. widjajae . Cyrtandra gambutensis can be distinguished from these other species by its narrow leaves, sparse tertiary venation and secondary veins that run straight out to the margin without looping upwards.

Figures

Figure 22. Cyrtandra gambutensis. a, Fruit; b, gynoecium, showing disc and pedicel; c, opened calyx, showing inner surface; d, opened corolla, showing position of stamens and staminodes; e, side view of corolla; f, stamens and anthers; g, habit. Drawn by Claire Banks from Atkins et al. 38. Reproduced from Kartonegoro et al. (2018) with the permission of the Trustees of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh.

Figure 24. Distribution of Cyrtandra floccosa (black squares), C. gambutensis (red circles) and C. geocarpa (black triangles).