Mucuna holtonii (Kuntze) Moldenke, Phytologia., 1933

De, Tânia M., Lewis, Gwilym P., Mansano, Vidal F. & Tozzi, Ana M. G. A., 2018, A revision of the neotropical Mucuna species (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae), Phytotaxa 337 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

10. Mucuna holtonii (Kuntze) Moldenke, Phytologia. 1(1): 7. 1933. ( Fig. 13 )

Stizolobium holtonii Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 207–208. 1891. TYPE:— COLOMBIA. La Paila , 12 May 1853, L.I.F. Holton 971 (holotype: K!)

Mucuna andreana Micheli, J. Bot. (Morot) 6(8): 146, pl. 5–6. 1892. TYPE:— COLOMBIA. La Paila in valle fluminis Cauca, Elev. 1000 m, 27 March 1876 (lectotype: Ed. André 1978 K!, lectotypified by Moura et al. 2013e). Remaining syntype: Costa Rica, entre San José et las pavas, H. Pettier & Th. Durant 1277 BR!

Liana. Leaves 3-foliolate; pulvinus 1.0–15 × 4.0 mm; petiole 8.5–17 cm long; stipels persistent; rachis 2.0–3.0 cm long; petiolules 7.0– 10 mm long; lateral leaflets 11–14.5 × 6.3–10.5 cm, asymmetric at base, acute to cuspidate at apex; apical leaflets slightly ovate to elliptic, 10.3–15 × 6.7–10.5 cm, acute to rounded at base, acute to cuspidate at apex; venation eucamptodromous, secondary veins in 5–7 pairs per leaflet; dense and erect hairs on abaxial surface; less dense adaxially. Inflorescence axillary, pseudoracemose; peduncle up to 1.0 m long; bracts 2.5–3.5 × 1.5–2.0 cm, usually caducous; rachis reduced, 4.0–7.0 cm long; brachyblasts nodose; pedicels 4.0–5.0 cm long, internodes 2.0–3.0 mm. Flowers 4.0– 4.5 cm long; calyx sericeous, 1.2–1.7 cm long, 4-lobed, the adaxial lobe formed by two connate sepals, 5.0 × 4.0 mm, obtuse at apex, the abaxial one 7.0 × 2.0 mm, acute at apex, the lateral lobes 3.0 × 1.0 mm, acute or acuminate at apex; corolla reported to be cream-yellow (R. R. Castaneda 6129 COL) or yellow-green (T.S. Elias 943 GH, K, NY, US); standard broadly elliptic, 2.8–3.3 × 2.2 cm, attenuate at base, rounded to retuse at apex, claw 7.0 mm long; wings oblong-elliptic, 2.0–3.3 × 1.0 cm, attenuate at base, obtuse at apex, the claw 6.0– 10 mm long; keel petals oblong, 3.4–4.5 × 1.5 cm, attenuate at base, obtuse at apex, the claw 6.0– 10 mm long; pubescent at base of wing and keel petals. Stamen filaments reported to be cream coloured, 3.5–4.5 cm long, glabrous. Style 3.3–4.0 cm long, sericeous, except at apex; ovary 10 × 2.0 mm, sericeous; stigma peltate, villous. Fruit 6.5–28.5 × 4.0–6.0 cm, not ornamented by lamellae, covered with dense hairs, acute at base and apex, up to 6-seeded. Seed globose, 3.0–3.5 × 3.0–3.5 × 1.0– 1.3 cm; hilum circling ca. 80% of the seed circumference, 2.0 mm high.

Taxonomic notes:— The species most similar to Mucuna holtonii is M. mollis . The two species differ, however, in the length of their inflorescence internodes (ca. 1 mm long in M. mollis vs. 2–5 mm long in M. holtonii ), and in the presence of brachyblasts (secondary axes of the inflorescence) (at the nodes in M. holtonii vs. absent in M. mollis ). Additionally, they differ in the colour of the corolla (yellow in M. mollis vs. cream, yellowish or greenish in M. holtonii ). Ruiz (2009) commented that the two species are likely conspecific, but further observations in the field are necessary before this can be confirmed or refuted.

Phenology:— Flowering throughout the year, but mainly from May to December, fruiting throughout the year.

Distribution and habitat:— Mucuna holtonii occurs in Mesoamerica and Colombia ( Fig. 5 ). It has been reported from both protected and disturbed areas, in primary and secondary forest, including riparian forest. The elevational range of the species is from sea level to 1800 m.

Conservation status:— Mucuna holtonii as being of Least Concern (LC). Although available data demonstrate a restricted area of occupancy (400 km 2, EN), M. holtonii has been collected in many localities from Mexico to Colombia, including some in protected areas. No decline, or fluctuation, in extant populations has been recorded.

Vernacular name: — ‘ Ojo de buey’ [ Nicaragua (F. Ortiz 213, 342, 567, 748 MO)]; ‘ojo de venado’ [ Mexico (E. Matuda s.n. K, US)].

Representative specimens examined:— COLOMBIA. Antioquia: Frontino, Comunidade indigena del Chuscal , 10 September 1998 (fr.), J.A. Pérez-Zabala & I. Emberá 511 ( MEDEL) ; Narino, vereda Puente Linda, margen izquerda del Rio Samaná , 11 September 1994 (fl.), R. Fonnegra 4987 ( COL, HUA, K) . Caldas: municipio norcasia, embalse rio la miel 1, en la sede de Isagen, 28 October 2006 (fl.), H. Mendonza & S. Medina 16955 ( FMB) . Cauca: La Paila, 12 May 1853 (fl.), I.F. Holton 971 (K). Chocó: La Teresita , upper Rio Truandó , 20 January 1974 (fr.), A. Gentry 9420 ( COL, NY) ; Riosucio, corregedoria de Truandó, a orilla del Rio Truandó entre la confluencia de los Chintandó y Saladó , 24 October 1956 (fr.), R.R. Castaneda 6129 ( COL) . Quindio: Quimbaya, vereda el Guayavo, hacienda el Guayavo , 22 May 1992 (fl.), M.C. Veléz et al. 2883 ( COL) . COSTA RICA. Alajuela: a 8–10 km, al N de Alajuela sobre carretera, 20 February 1982 (fr.), O. Tillez 5230 ( MO) . Cartago: Turrialba, P.N. Barbilla, cuenca del Matina, Sendero Principa , 16 November 2000 (fl.), E. Mora et al. 1687 ( NY) ; along road between la Suiza and Tulis , 15 August 1984 (fl.), M.H. Grayum et al. 3825 (K, MO) . Guanacaste: Hojancha, Peninsula Nicoya, estrada Rávago , 14 February 1995 (fr.), G. Herrera 9 ( MO) . Heredia: Parque Nacional

A REVISION OF THE NEOTROPICAL MUCUNA SPECIES

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MOURA ET AL.

Braulio Carrillo, estacion Magsasa , 28 October 1990 (fl.), A. Fernandéz 111 ( MO) . Puntarenas: Bob Wilson's finca near San Vito , 22 August 1965 (fl.), T.B. Croat 846 ( MO) ; Parque Nacional de Corcovado Monkey Woods , 16 August 1988 (fl.), C. Kernan & P. Phillips 827 ( MO) . San José: Pérez Zeledón, Rio Nuevo , area protegida, 6 December 2000 (fr.), A. Estrada et al. 2599 (K) ; Carara National Park near Rio Carara , 1 April 1993 (fr.), A. Gentry & B. Hammel 79263 ( MO) . Sarapiqui: Heredia , along river road trail, 12 January 1974 (fr.), G.S. Hartshorn 1335 ( MO, NY) . EL SALVADOR. Ateos : October 1923 (str), S. Calderon 1857 ( NY, US) . Cerro del Guayabal : February 1924 (fr.), S. Calderon 1972 ( US) . La Libertad: Antiguo Cuscatlan , laderas de las lagunas, 26 August 1988 (fl.), R. Cruz s.n. (K) . GUATEMALA. Santa Maria : Quetzaltenango, 2 February 1906 (fr.), W. A. Kellerman 5962 (US) . Santa Rosa: Chupadero , August 1892 (fl.), H. Lux 3718 ( GH, K, NY, US) . MEXICO. Chiapas: Esperanza, Escuintla , 7 November 1949 (fl.), E. Matuda s.n. (K, US) ; of road 195, region solostchiapa, forest near river, 9 July 1965 (fr.), R.H. Maxwell 209 ( MO) ; Angel Albino Corzo, 13 km al SW de Angel albino Corzo , 12 November 1989 (fr.), A.R. Garcia et al. 1432 ( BM, MO) . NICARAGUA. Zelaya: along road to Colonia Yolaina, colonia la Esperanza , 11 February 1978 (fr.), W. D. Stevens & B.A. Krukoff 6373 ( BM, MO) ; municipio de Siuna , 31 September 1982 (fl.). F. Ortiz 213 ( MO) ; municipio de Siuna, El toro, 10 October 1982 (fl.), F. Ortiz 342 ( MO) ; municipio de Siuna, Comarca el Hormigueiro, trocha el Hormigueiro , 1 January 1983 (fr.), F. Ortiz 567 ( MO) ; municipio de Siuna, Cano el Leon, carretera al Hormigueiro , 2 February 1983 (fr.), F. Ortiz 748 ( MO) . PANAMA. Bocas del Toro: Changuinola to 5 miles S at junction of rios chang, 17 December 1966 (fl.), T.S.Elias 943 ( GH, K, NY, US) . Canal Zone: Pipeline road 3 miles from gamboa gate, 5 March 1971 (fr.), T.B. Croat 13951 ( NY) . Chiriqui: 1.6 m W of Puerot Armuelles , 18 February 1973 (fr.), T.B. Croat 21920 ( GH) . Darien: Vicinity of Cana, second growth forest and open pasture at old town of Cana , 23 June 1959 (fr.), W. L. Stern et al. 482 ( US) ; Quebrada "Camachimuricate", cerca casa de Bortolo, 5 March 1973 (fr.), H. Kennedy 2840 ( GH) ; Rio Sategantí, al S de Cana, Darien , Paldas Cerro Pirre , 19 April 1980 (fr.), M. Sousa et al. 11069 ( COL, MO) .

Figures

FIGURE 5. Geographical distribution of four neotropical species of Mucuna: M. argyrophylla (Mexico and Central America), M. mitis (endemic to South America); and M. holtonii and M. mutisiana (distributed from Mexico to NW South America, the latter also occurring in the Dominican Republic).

FIGURE 13. Mucuna holtonii. A—Leaf and inflorescence. B—Detail of hairs on abaxial surface of leaflet. C—Calyx opened out, outer surface. D—Standard. E—Wing. F—Keel petals. G—Androecium: 9 stamens forming a staminal sheath (here opened out) and the vexillary stamen free. H—Gynoecium. J—Fruit. All parts drawn from: R. Fonnegra et. al. 4987 (MO). Drawn by Ana Lúcia Souza.