Liogenys fusca Blanchard, 1851

Cherman, Mariana Alejandra, Mise, Kleber Makoto, Moron †, Miguel Angel, Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z. & Almeida, Lucia Massutti de, 2017, A taxonomic revision of Liogenys occurring in Brazil with an interactive key and remarks on New World Diplotaxini (Coleoptera, Melolonthidae), ZooKeys 699, pp. 1-120 : 34-37

Liogenys fusca Blanchard, 1851 Figs 64, 92

Liogenys fuscus Blanchard, 1851: 168 (orig. desc.), Lacordaire 1856: 269 (sys.); Harold 1869a: 1140 (check.); Dalla Torre 1913: 318 (check.); Frey 1969: 47, 55 (key, red.).

Liogenys fusca : Blackwelder 1944: 227 (check.); Evans 2003: 209 (check.); Evans and Smith 2005: 174 (check.); Evans and Smith 2009: 178 (check.).

Liogenys argentinus Moser, 1918: 97 (orig. desc.); Frey 1969: 55 (syn.).

Liogenys argentina : Blackwelder 1944: 227 (check.).

Liogenys cuyabanus Moser, 1919: 12 (orig. desc.); Frey 1969: 55 (syn.).

Liogenys cuyabana : Blackwelder 1944: 227 (check.).

Type material.

Liogenys fuscus female syntype (MNHN): [white handwritten] "De l’emb./de l’Uruguay/jusqu’aux/missions”, [green handwritten] " Liogenys fuscus /Cat. Mus./Rives de l’Uruguay / M. A. St Hilaire", [red printed] “SYNTYPE”, [light green printed] “MUSÉUM PARIS". This type is here designated the lectotype [white, outlined in red, printed], "LECTOTYPE/ Liogenys fuscus /Blanchard, 1851/ des. M. A. Cherman 2012". Female syntype (MNHN): [white handwritten] “6449/34”, [white handwritten] “1444”, [light green printed] “MUSÉUM PARIS/ [handwritten] Santa Cruz/ D’Orbigny”. This type is here designated the paralectotype: [white, outlined in red, printed] "PARALECTOTYPE/ Liogenys fuscus /Blanchard, 1851/ des. M. A. Cherman 2012". Liogenys argentinus male syntype ZMHB: [grey printed] "Argentinien/Santiago del Estero", [white handwritten] " Liogenys / argentinus /Mos./Typen m# ", [red printed] “Typus”, [red printed] "SYNTYPUS/ Liogenys / argentinus Moser, 1918/labelled by MNHUB 2011". Genitalia mounted. This type is here designated the lectotype [white, outlined in red, printed] "LECTOTYPE/ Liogenys argentinus /Moser, 1918/ des. M. A. Cherman 2012". Seven male and seven female syntypes (ZMHB): [grey printed] "Argentinien/ Santiago del Estero", [white handwritten] " Liogenys / argentinus /Mos./ Typen", [red printed] “Typus”, [red printed] "SYNTYPUS/ Liogenys / argentinus Moser, 1918/ labelled by MNHUB 2011". These fourteen syntypes are here designated as paralectotypes, each one with the label: [white, outlined in red, printed] "PARALECTOTYPE/ Liogenys argentinus /Moser, 1918/ des. M. A. Cherman 2012".

Liogenys cuyabanus male syntype (ZMHB): [white handwritten] "Cuyaba/Mato Grosso", [white handwritten] " Liogenys / cuyabanus /Mos./Type m#", [light red printed] “Typus”, [red printed] "SYNTYPUS/ Liogenys / cuyabana Moser, 1919/labelled by MNHUB 2011". Genitalia mounted. This type is here designated the lectotype [white, outlined in red, printed] "LECTOTYPE/ Liogenys cuyabanus /Moser, 1919/ des. M. A. Cherman 2012". Four female syntypes (ZMHB): [white handwritten] "Cuyaba/Mato Grosso", [white handwritten] " Liogenys / cuyabanus /Mos./Typen f#", [light red printed] “Typus”, [red printed] "SYNTYPUS/ Liogenys / cuyabana Moser, 1919/labelled by MNHUB 2011". These four syntypes are here designated as paralectotypes, each one with the label: "PARALECTOTYPE/ Liogenys cuyabanus /Moser, 1919/ des. M. A. Cherman 2012".

Non-type material.

PARAGUAY. "Estancia Postillón, Puerto max . A. Rio Paraguay", without date, Louis des Arts Jr. Col., 1 ex. (ZMHB); PH: Puerto Pinasco, IX/1916, without collector, 2 ex. (AMNH); Campo León, X/1979, A. Martinez col., 1 ex. (CMNC); BQ: Filadelfia, X/1979, A. Martinez col., 2 ex. (CMNC). BOLIVIA. SC: Santa Cruz de la Sierra, without date, M. D’Orbigny col., 2 ex. (MNHN); Camiri, 9/XI/1946, Maldonado col., 2 ex. (CMNC); Comarapa, "9 km SW", 17°58.926'S, 64°34.365'W, XII/2008, Edmonds and Vidaurre cols., 1 ex. (CEMT); San Ramon, "Laguna Brava", 15/IX/1987, A. Castillo col., 1 ex. (AMNH); TA: Tatarenda, without date, 618 m, Erland Nordenskj col., 1 ex. (AMHB). BRAZIL. TO: Porto Nacional, XI/1953, R. Aires col., 1 ex. (DZUP); BA: Encruzilhada, 15°34'35"S, 40°56'51"W, 15/XII/2012, 850 m, Rafael and Grossi col., 2 ex. (INPA); MG: Arinos, 6/XI/1964, Exp. Dep. Zool. Col., 1 ex. (MZSP); Águas Vermelhas, "Faz. Faccino",12/XII/2012, P. Grossi col., 1 ex. (EPGC); DF: Brasília, 15°44'10.30"S, 47°56'6.6"W, XII/2009, 1070 m, Carvalho col., 1 ex. (CEMT); Planaltina, "Embrapa Cerrados", 15°36'16"S, 47°44'16"W, 18/XI/2009, C. Oliveira col., 1 ex. (CEMT); GO: Aragarças, X/1959, M. Alvarenga, 2 ex. (DZUP); MT: Barão de Melgaço, 21/V/2011, Sol col., 1 ex. (CEMT); Barra do Garças, 1990, Serrano col., 1 ex.; 15/X/1988, Capucho col., 1 ex.; 4/X/1988, Pereira col., 1ex. (CEMT); Boa Esperança 3/XI/1991, Oliveira col., 1 ex. (CEMT); Cáceres, 9/XI/1984, C. Elias col., 1 ex. (DZUP); Chapada dos Guimarães, 27-30/IX/2005, Marques col., 5 ex.; 5/X/2005, Marques col., 1 ex.; 30/V/2011, Sol col., 1 ex.; 27/V/2011, Klemp col., 1 ex.; "EE Buriti", 6/X/1984, Dal Ponte col., 1 ex.; “Água Fria", 8/X/1989, without collector, 1 ex.; (CEMT); Cuiabá, without date and collector, 8 ex.; 7/IX/1988, Loverde col. 1 ex.; 6/X/1988, Oliveira, Alves and Macieski cols., 4 ex.; 7/X/1988, Resende col., 1 ex.; 10/XI/1990, Aicio col., 3 ex.; 13/X/1991, Souza col., 1 ex.; 8/XI/1991, Aquino col., 1 ex.; 14/II/1992, Abido col., 1 ex.; 10/VIII/1992, Edenir col., 1 ex.; 8/IV/1993, Almindo Filho col., 1 ex.; 6/V/1993, Serrano col., 1 ex.; 20-25/VII/1993, Serrano col., 2 ex.; 17/VIII/1993, Serrano col., 1 ex.; 19/VIII/1993, Romio col., 1 ex.; 24/VIII/1993, Pinto col., 4 ex.; 8/XI/1993, Godoy col., 1 ex.; 21/XI/1993, Silva col., 4 ex.; 10/IV/1994, silveira col., 1 ex.; 12/III/1994, Ormond col., 1 ex.; 9/IX/1994, Montori col., 1 ex.; 1, 29/X/1994, Montori col. 2 ex.; 16-18/X/1994, Solange col., 2 ex.; 20/VI/2009, Silva col., 1 ex.; 11/IV/2010, Marcondes col., 1 ex.; "campus UFMT" 24/X/1988, Oliveira col., 1 ex.; 4/X/1990, Marques col., 1 ex.; 8/XI/1990, Alves Costa col., 1 ex.; 14/IX/1991, Souza col., 1 ex.; X/2008, Vaz-de-Mello col., 12 ex.; 13/IX/1988, Marques col., 1 ex.; 10/XI/1988, Leni col., 1 ex.; 13/IX/1988, Marques col. 1 ex; "Fazenda Birvana", X-XI/1988, Serrano col., 2 ex.; "Duque de Caxias, 15/III/2011, Cardodo col., 2 ex.; " Rodoviária”, 15/IV/2011, Vaz-de-Mello col., 14 ex.; "Santa Cruz", 30/XI/2010, Kramer col., 1 ex.; "Res. Coxipó”, 12/IV/1989, Gianni col., 1 ex.; 22/XI/2010, F. Vaz-de-Mello col., 1 ex.; "Boa Esperança” X/2010, Vaz-de-Mello col., 1 ex.; 5/V/2010, Rabello col., 1ex.; "Jardim Vitória” 22/VIII/2009, Galvão col., 2 ex.; "Recanto do Sol" 23/X/2009, Dal Mas col., 1 ex.; “Cophamil” 27/VIII/1990, Regina col., 1 ex.; "Santa Amalia", 22/V/2011, Klemp col., 1 ex.; “Verdão”,25/X/1989, Roseni col., 1 ex.; "Jardim das Américas” 11/VI/2010, Amado col., 1 ex.; Lucas do Rio Verde, 3/I/2012, Camera col., 2 ex. (CEMT); Nova Mutum, "Alto da Colina", 20/VII/2010, Amhold col., 1 ex. (CEMT); Nossa Senhora do Livramento, 15/XI/1992, 2 ex.; 12/XII/1992, 1 ex. (CEMT); Pari, 6/X/1988, Auxiliadora col., 1 ex. (CEMT); Pocone, "SESC pantanal", 10/IV/2009, Abreu col., 1 ex.; 14/V/2002, without collector, 2 ex.; 6/IX/2002, Myazaki col., 4 ex.; 7/IX/2002, without collector, 5 ex.; 12/X/2002; without collector, 1 ex.; "Fazenda Santa Maria", 23/XII/2011, Semedo col., 1 ex.; "Fazenda Bom Jesus", 24/XII/2010, Santos col., 1 ex.; "Transpantaneira, Porto Jofre", 5/V/1984, Silva col., 1 ex. (CEMT); Porto Esperidião, XI/1984, Magno, Alvarenga cols., 3 ex. (MNRJ); Rondonópolis, 6/IX/1991, Viegas col., 1 ex. (CEMT); Rosario Oeste, XI/1976, A. Maller col., 2 ex. (MNRJ); Santo Antonio do Leverger, 16/XI/2008, Becker col., 1 ex. (CEMT); Tangará da serra, "Chacara Asa Branca", 14°32'42"S, 58°40'28"W, XI/2011, Meurer col., 8 ex. (CEMT). Várzea Grande, 8/VI/2011, Uchaki col. 1 ex.; 27/X/1991, Bento col., 1 ex.; 5/XI/2008, Silva col., 1 ex. (CEMT); MS: Corumbá, “Nhecolandia”, 17/X/1953, C. R. Gonçalves col., 11 ex. (DZUP); 11 ex. (MNRJ); "Fazenda São Bento próxima a Porto Jofre", 6/XII/2010, Tortato col., 1 ex. (CEMT); Salobra, 29/VIII/1940, Com IOC col., 1 ex.; XI/1941, Com IOC col., 2 ex. (CEIOC); Porto Murtinho, "Faz. Campo Florido", 11/XII/2012, M Savaris and S Lampert col., 2 ex. (DZUP). Rio Verde [Rio Verde do Mato Grosso], XI/1963, 400 m, A. Maller, 2 ex (DZUP); "Zona da NOB Oswaldo Cruz Correntes" [Dois Irmãos do Burito], 17/X/1938, without collector, 4 ex. (CEIOC); SP: Jundiaí, 10/II/2012, Castro col., 1 ex.; 30/XII/2011, Castro col., 1 ex. (CEMT); Campinas, without date and collector, 1 ex. (ZMHB); RS: São Francisco de Paula, 29°25'22.4"S, 50°23'11.2"W, 10/XII/2009, P. Grossi col., 1 ex. (CEMT). ARGENTINA. SA: Aguaray, XII/1959, A. Martinez col., 1 ex. (MZSP); FO: Laguna Yema, 24°21'20,95"S, 61°18'55,23"W, 11/XII/2008, Ocampo, San Blas, Campon cols., 5 ex. (IADIZA); Rio Pilcomayo, 9/X/1906, Hermann J. col., 1 ex. (ZMHB); SE: without date, Wagner col., 4 ex. (MLPA); TU, IX/1900, C. Bruch col., 1 ex. (MACN); CH: Asustado, without date, Richter col., 1 ex. (MLPA), Resistencia, XII/1961, A. Martinez col., 2 ex. (CMNC); CR: Bella Vista, IV/1931, without collector, 1 ex. (MLPA); CO: “Córdoba, Casa Hernandez", XI/1965, A. Martinez col., 2 ex. (CMNC); Rio Cuarto, without date, Bremer col., 1 ex. (ZMHB).

Diagnosis.

Body, pronotum and elytra purplish brown or dark brown; elongate; distance between eyes slightly more than twice the width of one eye; frons slightly longer than clypeus; clypeal lateral margin convex, with a projection that varies from rounded to sharp; pronotal convexity at sides distinct (Fig. 64D); pronotal posterior corners sharp, obtuse-angled; prothorax scaly posteriorly (Fig. 64A); pro-, meso- and metasternum, pro- and metacoxae scaly (Figs 64B, E); male mesotibia sub-quadrate in cross section; inner margin of male metatibia abruptly sub-basally or medially produced towards apex; protarsi, male claws unequal, symmetrical in females; basal metatarsomere one-half the length of tarsomere II and wider; pygidium noticeable convex and wide, pygidial width exceeding distance between spiracles of propygidium; total length of parameres more than five times the length of their apex; inner margins slightly convergent; apex harpoon-like with lateral angle projecting straight downward (Fig. 64G). In lateral view parameres concave (Fig. 64G).

Redescription.

Length: 12.4-14.0 mm; width: 6.5-7.6 mm. Purplish brown. Head: distance between eyes slightly more than twice the width of one eye; frons slightly longer than clypeus; clypeal emargination rounded, shallow and narrow; outer sides of anterior teeth sub-parallel or parallel; clypeal lateral margin convex, with a projection that varies from rounded to sharp; distance between clypeal lateral projection and anterior margin of eye slightly longer than one eye; distance between clypeal lateral projection and anterior tooth longer than basal width of anterior tooth; obtuse angle between outer side of anterior teeth and clypeal lateral projection; canthus not exceeding the outer margin of the eye; distal maxillary palpomere, maximum width more than twice width of apex; fovea deep and oval, extending past the transverse midline of the palpomere; labium transversely carinated, as wide as it is long; antenna 10-articulated, lamellae lighter in color than flagellum and in males lamellae longer than the flagellum. Thorax: anterior margin of pronotum slightly produced medially; maximum length of pronotum exceeding the length of tarsomeres I, II and III together; disc glabrous, punctures fine and dense, smooth at posterior longitudinal midline; pronotal convexity at sides distinct; pronotal posterior corners sharp, obtuse-angled, in some cases almost right-angled; prothorax scaly posteriorly; proepisternum with long bristles and scales; mesepisternum scaly, as are the sides of metasternum, also with few long bristles on the anterior margin; distance between meso- and metacoxae up to twice longer than the metacoxa; scutellum ogival, finely punctured. Elytra: shiny, glabrous, uniform dark brown to purplish, elytra more than three times longer than the pronotum; elytral suture and elytron unicolored, distinctly elevated; pair of inner ridges more noticeable than the other three outer pairs. Legs: procoxa scaly on infra-carinal and outer surface; punctures visible at 12 × magnification; three protibial teeth, middle and apical equal in size, distance between basal and middle teeth slightly longer than between middle and apical; protibial inner apical spur present; mesofemural disc setose, with a row of long bristles on anterior and posterior margins; mesotibia sub-quadrate in cross section in males, cylindrical in females; disc coarsely sculptured, two mesotibial transverse carinae, the apical one complete; basal apophysis of metacoxa produced beyond the outer margin of trochanter; metatibial apical spurs of different lengths, the longest one shorter than the diameter of the tibial apex; inner margin of male metatibia carinated and abruptly sub-basally produced towards apex, apical inner surface setose; metatibial disc finely sculptured in males, coarsely sculptured in females; two metatibial transverse carinae present posteriorly; basal metatarsomere one-half the length of tarsomere II and wider, in males protarsomere II long; pro- and mesotarsomeres I to IV enlarged, protarsomeres slightly wider than the mesotarsomeres and more than twice as wide as metatarsi; protarsal claws asymmetrical in males, symmetrically bifid in females; superior tooth longer and as wide as the inferior; distance between teeth as long as the inferior tooth. Abdomen: band of abundant scales visible at the lowest magnification beneath the outer margin of elytra; ventrites bristled on disc; propygidium visible, glabrous; pygidium noticeable convex, sub-quadrate, wide, pygidial width exceeding distance between spiracles of propygidium; pygidial disc bristled only on apex, coarsely punctured, pygidial apex quadrate. Parameres: width of basal region equal to the parameres together at its transverse midline, parameral split at 2/3; total length of parameres more than five times the length of their apex; inner margins slightly convergent; apex harpoon-like with lateral angle projecting straight downward (Fig. 64G). In lateral view parameres concave (Fig. 64H).

Type-locality.

Liogenys fuscus : Rives de l’Uruguay [today Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil]; Liogenys argentinus : ARGENTINA. Santiago del Estero (syn.); Liogenys cuyabanus : BRAZIL. Cuiabá, Mato Grosso (syn.).

Geographical distribution.

BRAZIL (TO, BA, MG, DF, GO, MT, MS, SP, RS); PARAGUAY (BQ, PH); BOLIVIA (Santa Cruz, Tarija); ARGENTINA (SA, TU, FO, CH, SE, CR, CO).

Remarks.

Liogenys fusca resembles L. bidentata (Fig. 57) and L. pallidicornis (Fig. 67). Cherman et al. (2016) support that those species are closely related. Liogenys fusca differs from the other two in the quadridentate clypeus, being more evident in males; clypeal emargination rounded; elytral suture distinctly elevated; elytral pair of inner ridges more noticeable than the outers; pygidial disc swollen; basal metatar somere one-half the length of tarsomere II and wider; inner margin of male metatibia abruptly sub-basally produced towards apex, claws of protarsi asymmetrical, one bifid and one simple (Fig. 64F) and parameres concave.