Neotarsina Cerretti & Pape, 2020

Cerretti, Pierfilippo, Badano, Davide, Gisondi, Silvia, Giudice, Giuseppe Lo & Pape, Thomas, 2020, The world woodlouse flies (Diptera, Rhinophoridae), ZooKeys 903, pp. 1-130 : 1

Neotarsina Cerretti & Pape gen. nov. Figs 16 , 17

Unambiguous character state changes

(Table 1 , Fig. 20 ). Global apomorphies: 33:1; local apomorphies: 21:1, 59:1, 72:1.

Diagnosis.

Head: head higher than long in lateral view. Facial ridge 0.6 times as long as frons. Ocellar setae virtually absent. Frons 0.3-0.5 (male), 0.8-0.9 (female) times as wide as compound eye in dorsal view. Median vertical setae converging or crossed, though very short, at most as long as antenna. Ten to 20 short, medioclinate frontal setae, descending to level of upper margin of scape. Fronto-orbital plate bare or with scattered setulae interspersed between frontal setae. Proclinate orbital setae absent. Upper reclinate orbital seta absent. Parafacial bare, at its narrowest point 0.8-1.2 times as wide as width of postpedicel. Vibrissal angle receding. Vibrissa weak, i.e., barely distinguishable from setae of subvibrissal ridge, arising at level of lower facial margin. Lower facial margin not sunken though not visible in lateral view. Facial ridge concave with decumbent setulae on lower 1/5-2/5. Face slightly concave, antennae not hidden in lateral view. Antenna shorter than height of gena. Postpedicel sub-ovoid, approx. 1.0-1.7 times as long as pedicel. Arista bare. Arista thickened on proximal 1/10-1/5 of its length; second aristomere at most as long as wide. Lunule bare. Gena, in profile, 2/5-1/2 as high as compound eye. Palpus very short 1-2 times as long as wide, bare.

Thorax: prosternum bare. Postpronotum with 2-3 setae. One postsutural supra-alar seta (i.e., first and third post sutural supra-alar setae absent). Scutellum with one pair of basal setae and one pair of, crossed, horizontal apical setae; basal setae placed dorsally with respect to apical setae. Anatergite bare. Subscutellum moderately swollen or flat, not fully sclerotised. Metathoracic spiracular lappets small, subequal in size and directed outwards. Lower calypter distinctly tongue-shaped (ground-plan trait of Rhinophoridae ) (Fig. 2E ). Costal sector cs2 usually setose ventrally. Costal spine not differentiated from general costal setae. Costal sector cs5 approx. as long as costal sector cs2. Vein R1 dorsally bare. Base of R4+5 entirely bare. Bend of vein M1 indistinct; i.e., M1 evenly curved forward without forming a distinct bend. Crossvein dm-m forming a right angle with proximal section of M4. Vein CuA+CuP not reaching wing margin. Preapical anterodorsal seta of fore tibia longer than preapical dorsal seta. Fore tarsus strongly laterally compressed in both sexes. Tibiae of mid and hind legs laterally compressed and distinctly keeled dorsally. Mid tibia without anterodorsal setae. Hind tibia with three dorsal preapical setae.

Abdomen: lightly elongated, varying from slightly microtomentose to virtually without microtomentum. Marginal and discal setae not differentiated from general setulae.

Male terminalia: posterior margin of sternite 5 with a deep median notch; lateral lobe rounded posteriorly. Tergite 6 plate-like, with median marginal setae; tergite 6 divided from syntergosternite 7+8 by a membrane. Connection between sternite 6 and syntergosternite 7+8 fused on right side. Cerci well developed, basally broad, narrowing toward apex and apically pointed, well separated medially. Surstylus well developed, sub-triangular in lateral view; lateral side of surstylus not or only slightly convex. Surstylus fused to epandrium. Bacilliform sclerite articulated (i.e., not fused) to laterobasal margin of surstylus. Hypandrial arms not fused medially. Connection between phallic guide and pregonite membranous. Postgonite without anterior seta. Epiphallus well developed and attached dorsomedially or dorsomedially to basiphallus. Extension of dorsal sclerite of distiphallus divided medially into two hemisclerites which are proximally not fused to dorsal sclerite of distiphallus. Median process of ventral sclerotisation of distiphallus present, not interrupted, i.e., running from the ventral plate to tip of phallus, and not divided medially. Acrophallus simple and scale-like spinules not differentiated.

Distribution.

Neotropical - Peru, Trinidad and Tobago (Trinidad).

Type species.

Neotarsina caraibica Cerretti & Pape, sp. nov., by present designation.

Etymology.

The generic name is a composite word formed from the Latin word ' neo ' meaning new, and ' tarsina ' [from Latin ' tarsus ' and Greek: ' tarsos ', the flat part of a human foot] as in the last part of the genus-group name Macrotarsina , in reference to the modified, laterally-compressed fore tarsus characterising the two new species described below. The name should be treated as a feminine noun.

Figures

Figure 2. Morphological terminology of Rhinophoridae, head, thorax and abdomen. A Chaetotaxy of head, thorax and abdomen in dorsal view B, C arrangement of setae of postpronotum: B three setae arranged in shallow triangle C three setae standing in a nearly right-angled triangle D thorax, sclerites and chaetotaxy, in lateral view E wing veins and cells. Drawings by Giulia Bellanti.

Figure 16. Neotarsina andina gen. et sp. nov. (Peru). A Female habitus in lateral view B male abdomen in dorsal view C female abdomen in dorsal view D, E male head in lateral view (D) and frontal view (E) F, G female head in lateral view (F) and frontal view (G) H female fore tibia and tarsus I male wing in dorsal view J-L epandrial complex in posterior view (J) and lateral view (K) L hypandrial complex in lateral view [B, D-E, I-L holotype; A, C, F, G paratype].

Figure 17. Neotarsina caraibica gen. et sp. nov. (Trinidad and Tobago). A Male habitus in lateral view B female habitus in lateral view C male abdomen in dorsal view D female abdomen in dorsal view E female fore tibia and tarsus F, G male head in lateral view (F) and frontal view (G) H, I female head in lateral view (H) and frontal view (I) view J male wing in dorsal view K-M mpandrial complex in posterior (K) and lateral (L) view M hypandrial complex in lateral view [A, C, F-G, J holotype; B, D-E, H-I, K-M paratypes].

Figure 20. Phylogeny of Rhinophoridae based on morphological evidence. Single tree obtained under IW (total fit: 62.33), enforcing a k-value of 4, with unambiguous character state changes mapped above branches [black squares: global apomorphies (i. e., uncontradicted and unreversed apomorphic character states; white squares: local apomorphies (i. e., homoplasious character state due to convergence or reversal)] and new taxa highlighted in bold.