Carcharhinidae

LARSON, HELEN K., WILLIAMS, REX S. & HAMMER, MICHAEL P., 2013, <strong> An annotated checklist of the fishes of the Northern Territory, Australia </ strong>, Zootaxa 3696 (1), pp. 1-293 : 8-12

Carcharhinidae

(whaler sharks)

Carcharhinus amblyrhynchoides (Whitley, 1934) Graceful Shark Gillisqualus amblyrhynchoides Whitley, 1934a: 189 (Cape Bowling Green, Qld). Carcharhinus amblyrhynchoides — Sainsbury et al. 1984: 329 (Region D [= Top End NT seas]); Lyle and Timms

1984: 72 (NT waters); Paxton et al. 1989: 76 (NT); Russell and Houston 1989: 79 (Arafura Sea); Blaber et al. 1992: 6 (Groote Eylandt); Last and Stevens 1994: 231–232 (northern Australia; map); Larson 2000: 34

(Kakadu); Larson 2002: 28 (Pocock’s Reef, off West Alligator Head); Hoese et al. 2006: 98 (NT; N coast).

Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos (Bleeker, 1856) Grey Reef Shark Carcharias (Prionodon) amblyrhynchos Bleeker, 1856a: 467 (Java Sea near Salambo Islands). Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos — Sainsbury et al. 1984: 329 (Region D [= Top End NT seas]); Lyle and Timms

1984: 72 (NT waters); Paxton et al. 1989: 76 (NT); Russell and Houston 1989: 79 (Arafura Sea); Blaber et al. 1992: 6 (Groote Eylandt); Last and Stevens 1994: 233 (northern Australia; map); Hoese et al. 2006: 98–

99 (NT; N coast).

Carcharhinus amboinensis (Muller and Henle, 1839)

Pigeye Shark

Carcharias (Prionodon) amboinensis Muller and Henle, 1839: 40 (Amboina) .

Carcharhinus amboinensis —Stevens, Davis and Church 1982: 42 (E of Melville Island); Sainsbury et al. 1984: 329 (Region D [= Top End NT seas]); Lyle and Timms 1984: 72 (NT waters); Russell and Houston 1989: 79 (Arafura Sea); Last and Stevens 1994: 234–235 (northern Australia; map); Ramm 1997: 11 (Timor and Arafura Seas, between longitudes 127– 137° E); Larson 1999b: 22 (Field Island); Larson 2000: 34 (West Alligator Head); Larson 2002: 28 (Pocock’s Reef, off West Alligator Head); Hoese et al. 2006: 99 (NT; Gulf of Carpentaria).

Carcharhinus brevipinna (Muller and Henle, 1839) Spinner Shark Carcharias (Aprion) brevipinna Muller and Henle, 1839: 31 (Java) . Carcharhinus nasutus — Taylor 1964: 56 (Yirrkalla). Carcharhinus brevipinna —Stevens, Davis and Church 1982: 42 (E of Melville I.); Sainsbury et al. 1984: 329

(Region D [= Top End NT seas]); Lyle and Timms 1984: 72 (NT waters); Russell and Houston et al. 1989:

79 (Arafura Sea); Last and Stevens 1994: 237 (northern Australia; map).

Croker Island; Fog Bay.

Carcharhinus coatesi (Whitley, 1939)

Whitecheek Shark

Platypodon coatesi Whitley, 1939: 234 , (Hinchinbrook Passage, Queensland).

Carcharias sealei — Compagno 1984: 498 (map and "western and northern Australia "); Paxton et al. 1989: 79 (NT).

Carcharhinus dussumieri — Sainsbury et al. 1984: 329 (Region D [= Top End NT seas]); Lyle and Timms 1984: 72 (NT waters); Paxton et al. 1989: 77 (NT); Russell and Houston 1989: 79 (Arafura Sea); Blaber et al. 1992: 6 (Groote Eylandt); Pender et al. 1992: 65 (Joseph Bonaparte Gulf; Melville Island area; Arnhem coast; western Gulf of Carpentaria); Last and Stevens 1994: 240 (northern Australia; map); Ramm 1997: 11); Larson and Williams 1997: 343 (Woods Inlet, Darwin Harbour); Larson 2000: 34 (Turtle Reef, Field Island); Hoese et al. 2006: 100 (NT; Gulf of Carpentaria, N coast).

Carcharhinus coatesi — White 2012: 3–4 ( Bickerton Island ; off Darwin; Gulf of Carpentaria, Northern Territory) .

Carcharhinus cautus (Whitley, 1945)

Nervous Shark

Galeolamna greyi cauta Whitley, 1945a: 2 ( Shark Bay , Herald Bight, Western Australia).

Carcharhinus cautus — Garrick 1982: 106 (Port Darwin); Sainsbury et al. 1984: 329 (Region D [= Top End NT seas]); Russell and Houston 1989: 79 (Arafura Sea); Blaber et al. 1992: 6 (Groote Eylandt); Last and Stevens 1994: 239 (northern Australia; map); Larson and Williams 1997: 343 (Darwin Harbour); Larson 1999b: 22 (West Alligator River); Larson 2000: 34 (Field Island); Hoese et al. 2006: 100 (NT; Gulf of Carpentaria, N coast).

Skirmish Point area, Boucaut Bay.

Carcharhinus falciformis (Müller and Henle (ex Bibron), 1839) Silky Shark Carcharias (Prionodon) falciformis Müller and Henle (ex Bibron), 1839: 47–48 ( Cuba). Carcharhinus falciformis — Last and Stevens 1994: 241 ("...off northern Australia (rare in the Gulf of Carpentaria)"); Hoese et al. 2006: 100 (NT; Gulf of Carpentaria, N coast).

Gulf of Carpentaria.

Carcharhinus fitzroyensis (Whitley, 1943)

Creek Whaler

Galeolamna (Uranganops) fitzroyensis Whitley, 1943a: 117 (Fitzroy River estuary, Connor Creek , Queensland).

Carcharhinus fitzroyensis — Sainsbury et al. 1984: 329 (Region D [= Top End NT seas]); Lyle and Timms 1984: 72 (NT waters); Paxton et al. 1989:77 (NT); Russell and Houston 1989: 79 (Arafura Sea); Blaber et al. 1992: 6 (Groote Eylandt); Last and Stevens 1994: 242–243 (northern Australia; map); Larson and Williams 1997: 343 (Darwin Harbour); Larson 2000: 34 (West Alligator Head; South Alligator River); Hoese et al. 2006: 100 (NT; N coast). King River estuary, Arnhem Land.

Carcharhinus leucas (Müller and Henle, 1839) Bull Shark Carcharias (Prionodon) leucas Müller and Henle (ex Valenciennes), 1839: 42–43 (Antilles). Carcharias gangeticus — Rendahl 1922: 168 (Victoria River). Galeolamna greyi mckaili Whitley, 1945a: 2 (Swan River,WA) . Carcharhinus mckaili — Taylor 1964: 56 (Cahill's Crossing, East Alligator River). Carcharhinus sp. ( mckaili ?)— Pollard 1974: 64 (East Alligator River). Carcharhinus leucas — Garrick 1982: 91 (East Alligator River at Cahill’s Landing); Merrick and Schmida 1984: 35

(Daly and Alligator systems); Larson 1987: 147 (Kakadu Stages 1 and 2); Taniuchi and Shimizu 1991: 5

(Adelaide and Daly); Last and Stevens 1994: 245 (Adelaide, Daly, East Alligator Rivers); Larson 1999b:

24 (Kakadu); Larson 2000: 34 (South Alligator River; Wildman River; East Alligator River); Hoese et al.

2006: 101 (NT; Gulf of Carpentaria, N coast); Dally and Larson 2008: 15 (Roper River, Elsey/Moroak Stations).

Carcharhinus limbatus (Müller and Henle, 1839)

Common Blacktip Shark

Carcharias (Prionodon) limbatus Müller and Henle (ex Valenciennes), 1839: 49 ( Martinique).

Carcharhinus limbatus — Sainsbury et al. 1984: 329 (Region D [= Top End NT seas]); Garrick 1982: 29, 37 ( Jordan Bay, Bathurst Island); Lyle and Timms 1984: 72 (NT waters); Russell and Houston 1989: 79 (Arafura

Sea); Blaber et al. 1992: 6 (Groote Eylandt); Last and Stevens 1994: 246–247 (northern Australia; map); Hoese et al. 2006: 101 (NT; Gulf of Carpentaria, N coast); Russell and Smit 2007: 231 (Van Diemen Gulf).

Carcharhinus longimanus (Poey, 1861)

Oceanic Whitetip Shark

Squalus longimanus Poey, 1861: 338 ( Cuba) .

Carcharhinus longimanus — Last and Stevens 1994: 248 ("Northern Australia (except for … Gulf of Carpentaria and Arafura Sea").

Carcharhinus macloti (Muller and Henle, 1839)

Hardnose Shark

Carcharias (Hypoprion) macloti Muller and Henle, 1839: 34 (New Guinea).— Paradice and Whitley 1927: 78 Pellew Is.

Carcharhinus macloti — Sainsbury et al. 1984: 329 (Region D [= Top End NT seas]); Lyle and Timms 1984: 72 (Darwin Harbour; NT waters); Russell and Houston 1989: 79 (Arafura Sea); Last and Stevens 1994: 249 (northern Australia; map); Ramm 1997: 11 (Timor and Arafura Seas, between longitudes 127– 137° E); Hoese et al. 2006: 102 (NT; Gulf of Carpentaria, N coast).

Carcharinus melanopterus ( Quoy and Gaimard, 1824) Blacktip Reef Shark Carcharias melanopterus Quoy and Gaimard, 1824: 194 (Waigeo Island).— Macleay 1881a: 353 (Port Darwin). Carcharias hemiodon — Macleay 1878: 366 (Port Darwin). Carcharhinus melanopterus — Taylor 1964: 56 (Yirrkalla); Sainsbury et al. 1984: 329 (Region D [= Top End NT

seas]); Lyle and Timms 1984: 72 (NT waters); Russell and Houston 1989: 79 (Arafura Sea); Blaber et al.

1992: 6 (Groote Eylandt); Last and Stevens 1994: 251 (northern Australia; map); Larson and Williams

1997: 343 (Darwin Harbour); Hoese et al. 2006: 102 (NT; N coast).

SE side Goulburn Island.

Carcharhinus obscurus ( LeSueur, 1818) Dusky Whaler Squalus obscurus LeSueur, 1818: 223 (North America). Carcharhinus obscurus — Sainsbury et al. 1984: 329 (Region D [= Top End NT seas]); Stevens, Davis and Church

1982: 42 (east of Melville Island); Russell and Houston 1989: 79 (Arafura Sea); Last and Stevens 1994:

252 (map only); Hoese et al. 2006: 102 (NT; N coast).

Carcharhinus plumbeus ( Nardo, 1827) Sandbar Shark Squalus plumbeus Nardo, 1827: 477 (Adriatic Sea) . Carcharhinus plumbeus —Stevens, Davis and Church 1982: 42 (East of Melville Island); Sainsbury et al. 1984:

329 (Region D [= Top End NT seas]); Russell and Houston 1989: 79 (Arafura Sea); Last and Stevens

1994: 254 (northern Australia; map); Ramm 1997: 11 (Timor and Arafura Seas, between longitudes 127–

137° E); Hoese et al. 2006: 102–103 (NT; Gulf of Carpentaria ) .

Carcharhinus sorrah (Müller and Henle, 1839)

Spot-tail Shark

Carcharias (Prionodon) sorrah Müller and Henle (ex Valenciennes), 1839: 45 (" Indien, Java, Madagaskar ").

Carcharhinus sorrah — Munro 1958: 8 (NT); Sainsbury et al. 1984: 329 (Region D [= Top End NT seas]); Paxton et al. 1989: 80 (NT); Russell and Houston 1989: 79 (Arafura Sea); Blaber et al. 1992: 6 (Groote Eylandt); Pender et al. 1992: 65 (Arnhem coast; western Gulf of Carpentaria); Last and Stevens 1994: 255 (northern Australia; map); Ramm 1997: 11 (Timor and Arafura Seas); Larson 1997: 23 (Pocock’s Beach; Field Island); Larson 1999b: 24 (Kakadu); Hoese et al. 2006: 103 (NT; Gulf of Carpentaria, N coast).

Carcharhinus tilstoni (Whitley, 1950)

Australian Blacktip Shark

Galeolamna pleurotaenia tilstoni Whitley, 1950b: 100–105 (Van Cloon Reef, Joseph Bonaparte Gulf).

Carcharhinus tilstoni — Taylor 1964: 56 (Peron Island; Port Essington; Bathurst Island; Lynedoch Bak; Flinders Reef; Wessel Island; Evans Shoal); Stevens and Wiley 1986: 674 (Arafura and Timor Seas); Russell and Houston 1989: 79 (Arafura Sea); Pender et al. 1992: 65 (Melville Island area; western Gulf of Carpentaria); Last and Stevens 1994: 257 (tropical Australia; map); Ramm 1997: 11 (Timor and Arafura Seas, between longitudes 127– 137° E); Larson 2000: 35 (South Alligator River); Hoese et al. 2006: 103 (NT; Gulf of Carpentaria, N coast).

Galeocerdo cuvieri (Péron and LeSueur, 1822) Tiger Shark Squalus cuvier Péron and LeSueur, 1822 , in LeSueur, 1822: 351 (northwest coast of New Holland). Galeocerdo arcticus — Paradice and Whitley 1927: 78 (Pellew Islands). Galeocerdo cuvieri — Sainsbury et al. 1984: 329 (Region D [= Top End NT seas]); Lyle and Timms 1984: 72 (NT

waters); Russell and Houston 1989: 79 (Arafura Sea); Blaber et al. 1992: 6 (Groote Eylandt); Larson 1992:

8 (off Bing Bong Creek); Last and Stevens 1994: 258 (northern Australia; map); Larson and Williams

1997: 343 (Darwin Harbour); Larson 1997: 23 (Kakadu); Larson 1999b: 24 (Kakadu); Hoese et al. 2006:

103 (NT; Gulf of Carpentaria, N coast) .

Glyphis garricki Compagno, White and Last, 2008 Northern River Shark Glyphis sp. — Taniuchi and Shimizu 1991: 3, 5 (Adelaide River); Larson 2000: 35 (in part; East Alligator River).? Glyphis sp. — Larson 1999b: 22 (Kakadu). Glyphis garricki Compagno, White and Last, 2008: 204–213 (East Alligator River, Kakadu National Park, Northern Territory).

Holotype at CSIRO . Paratype from South Alligator River ( CSIRO H.6635-01) .

Glyphis glyphis (Müller and Henle, 1839) Speartooth Shark Carcharias (Prionodon) glyphis Müller and Henle, 1839: 40 (probably Indian Ocean). Glyphis sp. A — Last and Stevens 1994: 260 (Adelaide River); Larson 2000: 35 (in part; East Alligator River; West

Alligator River; South Alligator River); Larson 2002: 28 (East Alligator River; West Alligator River).? Glyphis sp. — Larson 1999b: 22 (East Alligator River).

Marrakai Creek, Adelaide River; Brooks Creek, South Alligator River.

Loxodon macrorhinus Muller and Henle, 1839 Slit-eye Shark Loxodon macrorhinus Muller and Henle, 1839: 61 (locality unknown; probably Indian Ocean).— Lyle and Timms

1984: 72 (NT waters); Last and Stevens 1994: 261 (map; “tropical Australia between Moreton Bay …. and

North West Cape); Hoese et al. 2006: 104 (NT; N coast).

Negaprion acutidens ( Rüppell, 1837) Lemon Shark Carcharias acutidens Rüppell, 1837: 65 (Djedda, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea). Aprionodon acutidens — Paradice and Whitley 1927: 78 (Pellew Islands). Negaprion queenslandicus — Taylor 1964: 55 (Pellew Islands). Negaprion acutidens — Sainsbury et al. 1984: 329 (Region D [= Top End NT seas]); Russell and Houston 1989: 79

(Arafura Sea); Blaber et al. 1992: 6 (Groote Eylandt); Larson 1992: 9 (off Bing Bong Creek); Last and Stevens 1994: 262 (northern Australia; map); Ramm 1997: 11 (Timor and Arafura Seas, between longitudes

127– 137° E); Larson 1997: 23 (Field Island); Larson 1999b: 25 (Kakadu); Hoese et al. 2006: 105 (NT;

Gulf of Carpentaria, N coast ).

Prionace glauca ( Linnaeus, 1758)

Blue Shark

Squalus glaucus Linnaeus, 1758: 235 ("Habitat in Oceano Europaeo").

Prionace glauca — Pender et al. 1992: 65 ( Melville Island area ; western Gulf of Carpentaria) .

Rhizoprionodon acutus ( Rüppell, 1837)

Milk Shark

Carcharias acutus Rüppell, 1837: 65 (Djedda, Red Sea).

Scoliodon longmani — Taylor 1964: 55 (Little Lagoon, Groote Eylandt; Yirrkalla).

Rhizoprionodon acutus — Sainsbury et al. 1984: 329 (Region D [= Top End NT seas]); Lyle and Timms 1984: 72 (NT waters); Blaber et al. 1992: 6 (Groote Eylandt); Ramm 1997: 11 (Timor and Arafura Seas, between longitudes 127– 137° E); Russell and Houston 1989: 79 (Arafura Sea); Pender et al. 1992: 65 (Melville Island area; Arnhem coast; western Gulf of Carpentaria); Last and Stevens 1994: 265 (northern Australia; map); Larson 1997: 23–24 (East Alligator River); Larson 1999b: 25 (Pocock’s Beach); Larson 2000: 35 (Kakadu); Larson 2002: 28 (off Pocock’s Beach); Hoese et al. 2006: 106 (NT; Gulf of Carpentaria, N coast).

Rhizoprionodon oligolinx Springer, 1964 Grey Sharpnose Shark Rhizoprionodon oligolinx Springer, 1964: 621 (Bangkok market, caught in Gulf of Thailand).— Last and Stevens

1994: 266–267 (Gulf of Carpentaria; map); Hoese et al. 2006: 106 (NT; Gulf of Carpentaria).

The specimen represented by this record comes from Darbilla Creek, near Milingimbi, Castlereagh Bay (CSIRO H 6112-01).

Rhizoprionodon taylori (Ogilby, 1915) Australian Sharpnose Shark Physodon taylori Ogilby, 1915a: 117 (Townsville, northern Queensland). Protozygaena taylori — Whitley 1940b: 107 (Pellew Is.) Scoliodon taylori — Taylor 1964: 55 (Little Lagoon, Groote Eylandt).? Rhizoprionodon palasorrah — Marshall 1964: 13 ("waters of the Northern Territory "). Rhizoprionodon taylori — Sainsbury et al. 1984: 329 (Region D [= Top End NT seas]); Lyle and Timms 1984: 72

(NT waters); Russell and Houston 1989: 79 (Arafura Sea); Blaber et al. 1992: 6 (Groote Eylandt); Larson

1992: 10 (off Bing Bong Creek); Last and Stevens 1994: 268 (northern Australia; map); Ramm 1997: 11

(Timor and Arafura Seas, between longitudes 127– 137° E); Larson 1997: 24 (off Pocock’s Beach); Larson

1999b: 25 (Pocock’s Beach); Larson 2000: 35 (Kakadu); Hoese et al. 2006: 107 (NT; Gulf of Carpentaria,

N coast).

Triaenodon obesus ( Rüppell, 1837)

Whitetip Reef Shark

Carcharias obesus Rüppell, 1837: 64 (Djedda) .

Triaenodon apicalis — Whitley 1940b: 113 (Sir Edward Pellew Islands); Whitley 1954: 27 (Evans Shoal, Arafura Sea).

Triaenodon obesus — Russell and Houston 1989: 79 (Arafura Sea); Blaber et al. 1992: 6 (Groote Eylandt); Last and Stevens 1994: 269 (tropical Australia; map); Hoese et al. 2006: 107 (NT; Gulf of Carpentaria, N coast).