Xenophyllum juniperinum (Hieron.) J.Calvo, Phytotaxa 326(3): 228. 2017.

Calvo, Joel & Moreira-Munoz, Andres, 2020, Taxonomic revision of the Andean genus Xenophyllum (Compositae, Senecioneae), PhytoKeys 158, pp. 1-106 : 1

10. Xenophyllum juniperinum (Hieron.) J.Calvo, Phytotaxa 326(3): 228. 2017.

Werneria juniperina Hieron., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 21(3): 365. 1895. Syntypes. Chile/Bolivia. Tacora-Sajama, 4200-4300 m, Oct 1876, A. Stübel 106 (B, destroyed; photo F0BN015812!); Bolivia. Oruro: alrededores de Tomarapi, 4200-4400 m, Oct 1876, A. Stübel 116 (B, destroyed; photo F0BN015812!). Neotype, designated by Calvo et al. (2017: 228): Chile. Arica-Parinacota: camino a Tacora antes del Portezuelo, 18°07 ’59’’ S, 69°32 ’37’’ W, 4505 m, 26 May 2011, A. Moreira-Muñoz, M. Muñoz & V. Morales 1640 (SGO s.n.!; isoneotype: CONC-180071!).

Werneria lycopodioides S.F.Blake, J. Washington Acad. Sci. 18: 493. 1928. Xenophyllum lycopodioides (S.F.Blake) V.A.Funk, Novon 7(3): 240. 1997. Type. Peru. Tacna: Tacna, volcán Tacora, co. Quiñuta [cerro Queñuta], 5000 m, Apr 1926, E. Werdermann 1164 (holotype: GH s.n.!; isotypes: B s.n.!, BM s.n.!, CAS s.n.!, CONC-28852!, E-00301054 (digital image!), F-694487!, G-00305675 (digital image!), K-000527738 (digital image!), LIL-26668!, LPB s.n.!, LP-002608 (digital image!), M-0147059 (digital image!), MO s.n.!, NY s.n.!, OS-0000378 (digital image!), UC s.n.!, US-00622867!, US-01256002!).

Description.

Suffruticose plant, forming clumps of erect stems. Rhizomes 5-10 × 0.4-0.6 cm, horizontal to oblique, glabrous. Stems 8-15 cm tall, usually simple, glabrous, with leaves uniformly arranged along it. Leaves imbricate, adpressed to the stem, extending into a glabrous sheath-like base; leaf laminas 5-7 × 1.1-2 mm, linear-triangular, rather acute at the apex, minutely, irregularly denticulate, obtusely triangular in cross section, glabrous, 1-nerved above (barely visible), 1-nerved beneath, fleshy, drying coriaceous, matte. Capitula radiate, erect, sessile. Involucres 7-7.7 × 4-6.2 mm, narrowly cupuliform; involucral bracts 8 to 11, 2.8-3.4 × 1.8-2.8 mm, acute at the apex, dark-purplish. Ray florets 8 to 13; corollas 4.5-5.5 × 0.4-0.7 mm, unconspicuously veined, subentire to slightly 3-toothed at the apex, not surpassing the involucre, yellow. Disc florets 28 to 36; corollas 5.5-5.7 mm long, yellow; style branches truncate with a crown of sweeping trichomes, yellowish. Achenes 3.4-3.9 × 0.8-1 mm, cylindrical, 7 to 8-ribbed, glabrous; pappus 5.2-9 mm long, barbellate, whitish. Chromosome number unknown. Figs 2C , 16 .

Additional iconography.

Blake (1928: 496, fig. 1K-M sub Werneria lycopodioides ); Beltrán (2016: 358, fig. 2A, sub X. lycopodioides , as photo); Calvo et al. (2017: 228, fig. 1, as photo).

Distribution and habitat.

Southern Peru to northern Chile. Bolivia (Oruro, Potosí), Chile (Antofagasta, Arica-Parinacota, Tarapacá [expected]), Peru (Tacna). It grows in exposed places on rocky and sandy soils of the dry and desertic puna ecoregions, between elevations of 4000-5200 m (Fig. 17 ).

Most populations of this species are located between eastern Tacna (Peru), northeastern Arica-Parinacota (Chile), and northwestern Oruro (Bolivia). However, a few collections are from further south (northeastern Antofagasta in Chile and western Potosí in Bolivia). Its presence in the Chilean region of Tarapacá is expected.

Phenology.

Flowering from April to December.

Etymology.

It is named after the genus Juniperus L. ( Cupressaceae ) due to the leaves of this species resembling those of some species belonging to the mentioned genus.

Notes.

Xenophyllum juniperinum forms clumps of erect stems 8-15 cm long, which bear imbricate leaves that are adpressed to the stem and uniformly arranged along it. The leaves are somewhat broadened at the base and the margin is minutely, irregularly denticulate. The yellow ray corollas not surpassing the involucre is a distinctive character of this species, which is shared with X. ciliolatum (see comments under it for comparison purposes).

Although the syntypes of the name Werneria juniperina Hieron. were apparently destroyed at B in 1943, it should be mentioned that Rockhausen (1939) had the opportunity to study them and designated the collection Stübel 106 as “typus”. See Calvo et al. (2017) for further details on the neotypification.

Additional specimens examined.

Bolivia. Oruro: Sajama, cerca 8 km SO hacia la quebrada de Tirallani (pasando quebrada Sururia), 18°9'S, 68°52'W, 25 Mar 2005, S.G. Beck 31109 (LPB); Sajama, subiendo al cerro Sajama, desde la quebrada Tirallani, 18°9'S, 68°52'W, 27 Mar 2005, S.G. Beck 31148 (LPB); Sajama, de Tambo Quemado 10 km hacia Chachacomani y subiendo sobre una mina de azufre, sobre el glaciar Acotango, 18°21'S, 69°17'W, 14 Mar 2012, S.G. Beck 32750 (LPB, US); Sajama, de Tambo Quemado 10 km hacia Chachacomani y subiendo sobre una mina de azufre, sobre el glaciar Acotango, 18°21'S, 69°17'W, 14 Mar 2012, S.G. Beck 32753 (LPB); Sajama, de Tambo Quemado 10 km hacia Chachacomani y subiendo sobre una mina de azufre, sobre el glaciar Acotango, 18°21'S, 69°17'W, 14 Mar 2012, S.G. Beck 32757 (LPB); P.N. Sajama, 5 km antes de la entrada para el pueblo de Sajama, 18°10'S, 68°57'W, 15 Nov 1999, G. Bourdy 2197 (LPB); Sajama, S side of nev. Sajama just below snowline on E side of río Sururia, N walk up from 4300 m where rd. circles nev., 18°8'S, 68°53'W, 19 Apr 1995, V.A. Funk 11352 (LPB, US); Sajama, ladera Sajama, 18 Aug 1982, E. Jordan 158 (LPB, US); Sajama, S del nevado Sajama, 18°7'S, 68°52'W, 17 Mar 1984, M. Liberman 812 (LPB, US); Sajama, Turco, 18°11'S, 68°12'W, 1993, J. Mallea 15 (LPB); Sajama, Turco, 18°11'S, 68°12'W, 1993, J. Mallea 24 (LPB); Sajama, nevado Sajama, 18 Aug 1982, X. Menhofer 1506 (LPB, US); Sajama, Berg nördl. volcán Payachatas, 18°9'S, 69°6'W, 17 Sep 2001, B.J. Ruthsatz 10539 (LPB); Sajama, Chachacomani, Acotango, 18°21'S, 69°2'W, 23 Sep 2001, B.J. Ruthsatz 10549 (LPB); Potosí: Daniel Campos, a 11 km al W de San Pedro Quemes, 20°44'S, 68°8'W, 21 Jun 1999, C. Salles 229 (LPB). Chile. Antofagasta: El Loa, trayecto entre cerro Carasilla y salar Ascotán, ladera exposición N, 21°41'S, 68°17'W, 28 Mar 1985, M. Arroyo, C. Villagrán & J. Armesto 85-394B (CONC); Ollagüe, volcán Aucanquilcha, ladera E, cerca de la línea del andarivel abandonado, 21°11'S, 68°25'W, 23 Apr 2019, J. Calvo & A. Moreira-Muñoz 7930 (CONC, SGO); Arica-Parinacota: Parinacota, cerro Guane Guane, 18°10'S, 69°15'W, 20 Apr 1980, M. Arroyo, C. Villagrán & J. Moreno 2623A (CONC); Parinacota, camino desde Pacollo hasta nevados de Putre, 18°4'S, 69°29'W, 15 Apr 1984, M. Arroyo 84-857 (CONC); Parinacota, cerro Choquelimpie, 18°16'S, 69°13'W, 19 Apr 1984, M. Arroyo 84-912 (CONC); Tacora, 14 km hacia Aguas Calientes, después 1 km más arriba, 17°42'S, 69°48'W, 11 Feb 2015, S.G. Beck 34533 (LPB); Parinacota, camino entre Pacollo y Colpitas, 18°5'S, 69°18'W, 18 Jan 2000, E. Belmonte 20005 (CONC, MA); Parinacota, quebrada Vilasamanani, 18°18'S, 69°32'W, 15 Dec 1988, E. Belmonte 88619 (CONC); Parinacota, quebrada Ichusgualla, 18°12'S, 69°34'W, 16 Dec 1988, E. Belmonte 88635 (CONC); above road to Tacora (rt. A23), slope of co. de Llancoma, 18°8'S, 69°32'W, 7 Mar 2014, V.A. Funk, M. Diazgranados & J.M. Bonifacio 13103 (US); NW slope of Volcán Tarapacá along small trail to the snow line, 18°6'S, 69°31'W, 9 Mar 2014, V.A. Funk, M. Diazgranados & J.M. Bonifacio 13136 (US); cerro Chapiquiña, sobre el portezuelo, antenas, 18°19'S, 69°29'W, 9 Jun 2012, A. Moreira-Muñoz 1936 (SGO); bajando desde Portezuelo Taapacá hacia Putre, en el límite comunal, 18°6'S, 69°32'W, 20 Oct 2012, A. Moreira-Muñoz et al. 2037 (SGO, US); pasado Azufrera Tacora, 17°42'S, 69°49'W, 17 Mar 2015, A. Moreira-Muñoz & F. Luebert 2408 (SGO); Aguas Calientes, Tacora, 17°43'S, 69°49'W, 17 Sep 1955, M. Ricardi 3377 (CONC); Aguas Calientes, volcán Tacora, 17°43'S, 69°49'W, 19 Sep 1955, M. Ricardi 3405 (CONC); nevados de Putre, cerro Taapaca, 18°6'S, 69°32'W, 15 Apr 2011, S. Teillier & A. Buben 6579 (CONC). Peru. Tacna: Tarata, Poma, carretera Tarata-Puno, 17°25'S, 69°56'W, 4 Dec 1997, A. Cano 7946 (USM); Tarata, cordillera del Barroso, 17°33'S, 69°51'W, 29 Mar 1998, A. Cano 8244 (USM); 32 km N of Tarata, ca. 50 km S of abra Livini (Puno), road from Tarata to Mazo-Cruz (Puno), rd. 36, 17°26'S, 69°57'W, 11 Mar 2014, V.A. Funk, M. Diazgranados & E. Cochachin 13139 (US, USM); Tarata, laguna Casire [Casiri], 17°25'S, 69°49'W, 3 Apr 1998, M.I. La Torre 2375 (USM); Pasan los Vientos, cordillera del Barroso, 7 Dec 1997, J. Roque et al. 538 (US, USM); Tarata, cordillera del Barroso, carretera Alto Perú-Palca, 17°33'S, 69°51'W, 7 Dec 1997, J. Roque 559 (USM [mixed with X. poposa ]); Tarata, cordillera del Barroso, carretera Alto Perú-Palca, 17°33'S, 69°51'W, 7 Dec 1997, J. Roque 560 (USM).

Figures

Figure 2. Main habit types in Xenophyllum A, B species forming dense mats or hummocks C, D species forming clumps of somewhat distantly spaced stems A X. humile (Ecuador, Pichincha, pr. Papallacta) B X. sotarense (Colombia, Cauca, Sotara Volcano) C X. juniperinum (Chile, Antofagasta, Aucanquilcha Volcano) D X. digitatum (Bolivia, Potosi, cordillera Kari Kari). Pictures by Joel Calvo.

Figure 16. Xenophyllum juniperinum A habit B stem apical part and capitula C, D uppermost leaves and capitulum (notice leaf variability) E adaxial leaf surface F ray floret (frontward bristles removed) G ray floret (pappus removed) H disc floret (frontward bristles removed) I stamen J style. A, B drawn from Werdermann 1164 (GH), C-E (drawn from Werdermann 1164, CAS), and F, G (drawn from Werdermann 1164, US). Illustration by Alice Tangerini.

Figure 17. Distribution map of Xenophyllum juniperinum (left hand), X. weddellii (right hand, closed triangle), and X. incisum (right hand, open circle).