Acerocaudaphis Qiao & Xu, 2023

Xu, Ying, Jiang, Liyun & Qiao, Gexia, 2023, A new unique genus of Macrosiphini (Aphididae: Aphidinae) feeding on Lonicera from China, Zoologischer Anzeiger 302, pp. 186-197 : 188-195

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jcz.2022.12.007
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A91F87AA-D13F-FF88-4E81-FE7FFF7429AD
treatment provided by	Felipe
scientific name	Acerocaudaphis Qiao & Xu
status	gen. nov.

Treatment

Acerocaudaphis Qiao & Xu gen. nov.

Type species. Acerocaudaphis loniceratus Qiao & Xu sp. nov., by original designation.

Etymology. The new genus name refers to the sharp cauda in apterous viviparous female. “ Acer ” (Latin) means “sharp”, “ cauda ” (Latin) means “cauda”, “ aphis ” (New Latin) refers to aphid. The gender is feminine.

Generic description. Dorsum of body smooth without sclerites in apterae; abdominal tergites each with a spino-pleural brown stripe in alatae. Head with distinct dorsal middle suture. Median frontal tubercle and antennal tubercles undeveloped, slightly protuberant. Rostrum short, not reaching mid-coxae; ultimate rostral segment wedge-shaped, shorter than second hind tarsal segment. In apterae, antennae 5- or 6- segmented, without secondary rhinaria; primary rhinaria ciliated; antennal segments I–III smooth, segments IV–VI with short imbrications. In alatae, antennae 6-segmented, primary rhinaria ciliated; antennal segments I–II with short imbrications at inner side, segments III–VI with densely short imbrications; segments III–V each with 69–74, 38–41, 10–13 secondary rhinaria respectively and the secondary rhinaria with radial periphery and circular inside. Siphunculi short cylindrical, slightly swollen distally, obliquely truncated at tip, without flange; in apterae, with wrinkles basally and smooth distally; in alatae, the basal part strongly distorted to spring-shaped and smooth distally. In apterae, cauda semicircular at basal part and strongly constricted to pointed finger-shaped at distal part, the middle with setae; anal plate rectangular at anterior and hind margin forward indent to two conical tubercles. In alatae, cauda tongue-shaped, anal plate semicircular. First tarsal chaetotaxy: 3, 3, 3, with one short and blunt middle seta and two short and pointed lateral setae. Second tarsal segments with short imbrications and the empodial setae short and pointed.

Diagnosis. Median frontal tubercle and antennal tubercles undeveloped; siphunculi short cylindrical, slightly swollen distally, obliquely truncated at tip, without flange; cauda semicircular at basal part and strongly constricted to pointed finger-shaped at distal part, the middle with setae; anal plate rectangular at anterior and hind margin forward indent to two conical tubercles.

Biology. The new genus feeds on Lonicera , and the infested leaves are deformed into pseudogalls. Alate males appear in late August.

Distribution. China (Tibet).

Acerocaudaphis loniceratus Qiao & Xu sp. nov.

Figs. 1–7 View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig ; Table 1.

Etymology. The new species name refers to its host plant. “ lonicera ” is the name of host plant genus, “ atus ” (Latin) means “habitat”.

Diagnosis. Antennae 6-segmented; siphunculi 0.11–0.16 mm, 0.69–1.01 times as long as cauda; cauda basal part hemispheric with spinulose striae and strongly constricted to pointed finger-shaped at distal part; the middle of cauda with 6 or 7 thin, long and pointed setae.

Description. Apterous viviparous females. Body oval, covered with white powders, yellow green to green in life ( Fig. 7C and D View Fig ). For morphometric data see Table 1.

Mounted specimens. Body pale; head, antennal segments I–II, rostrum, coxae, siphunculi, genital plate pale brown; cauda and anal plate black brown ( Fig. 2A View Fig ). Body dorsum smooth, unsclerotized. Dorsal setae of body short and pointed.

Head. Dorsal middle suture pale and distinct ( Fig. 2B View Fig ). Frons shallow W-shaped, median frontal tubercle slightly protuberant, antennal tubercles as high as median frontal tubercle and each with 3 setae at apex ( Figs. 1A View Fig and 2B View Fig ). Head with 1 pair of cephalic setae, 2 pairs of dorsal setae between antennae arranged longitudinally, 2 pairs of dorsal setae between compound eyes arranged transversely. Antennae 6-segmented, segments I–III smooth, segments IV–VI with short imbrications ( Figs. 1B View Fig and 2C View Fig ); antennal setae short and pointed, segments I–VI each with 4–7, 4–6, 14–18, 10–14, 6–9, 3–5 + 2 or 3 setae, respectively; processus terminalis with 3 or 4 apical setae. Rostrum short, not reaching mid-coxae, ultimate rostral segment wedge-shaped ( Figs. 1C View Fig and 2D View Fig ), with 3 pairs of primary setae that includes 1 pair of long and thin setae, and 1 pair of accessory setae.

Thorax. Mesosternal furca without stem ( Figs. 1D View Fig and 2E View Fig ). Pronotum with 2 or 3 spinal setae, 1 pair of pleural and 1 pair of marginal setae; mesonotum with 12–18 spino-pleural setae, 2 pairs of marginal setae; metanotum with 5–7 spino-pleural setae, 2 pairs of marginal setae. Legs normal, distal part of femora and tibiae slightly imbricated. Femoral setae long, thin and pointed; tibial setae at outer side similar femoral setae, ones at inner side long, thick and blunt. First tarsal segments each with 1 sense peg and 2 lateral setae. Second tarsal segments imbricated and the empodial setae short and pointed.

Abdomen. Abdominal tergites I–VI each with 4–6 spino-pleural setae, 1 or 2 pairs of marginal setae; tergite VII with 1 pair of spinal, pleural and marginal setae, respectively; tergite VIII with 4–10 setae. Spiracles round and opened; spiracular plates slightly swollen, pale brown. Siphunculi short cylindrical, slightly swollen at distal, obliquely truncated at tip, without flange ( Figs. 1E View Fig and 2F View Fig ); basal 2/3 part with wrinkles and distal 1/3 smooth. Cauda basal part hemispheric with spinulose striae and strongly constricted to pointed finger-shaped distally ( Figs. 1F View Fig and 2G View Fig ); the middle with 6 or 7 thin, long and pointed setae. Anal plate rectangular anteriorly and hind margin forward indent to two conical tubercles ( Figs. 1G View Fig and 2H View Fig ), with spinulose imbrications and 6 or 7 posterior margin setae and 14–20 anterior setae ventrally. Genital plate transversely oval ( Figs. 1H View Fig and 2I View Fig ), with spinulose striae and 7–19 anterior setae and 17–21 setae along the posterior margin.

Alate viviparous females. Body long oval, head and thorax dark, abdomen yellow green and each tergite with a dark spino-pleural band in life ( Fig. 7C and D View Fig ). For morphometric data see Table 1.

Mounted specimen. Head, thorax, antennae and legs dark brown; siphunculi, cauda, anal plate and genital plate brown, others pale ( Fig. 3A View Fig ). Dorsal setae of body long and pointed.

Head. Dorsum of head smooth. Median frontal tubercle protuberant, antennal tubercles developed as high as median frontal tubercle, and each with 3 pairs of setae at apex, the frons obviously W-shaped ( Fig. 3B View Fig ). Head with 1 pair of cephalic setae, 4 dorsal setae between antennae arranged longitudinally, 4 or 5 dorsal setae between compound eyes arranged transversely. Antennae 6-segmented, segments I–II short imbricated at inner apex, segments III–VI with densely short imbrications ( Figs. 1I View Fig and 3C View Fig ); antennal setae short and pointed, segments I–VI each with 5, 7, 14–20, 6–9, 7–9, 2–4 + 1 or 2 setae, respectively; processus terminalis with 3 or 4 apical setae; segments III–V each with 69–74, 38–41, 10–13 secondary rhinaria respectively and the secondary rhinaria with radial periphery and circular inside ( Fig. 3D View Fig ). Rostrum exceeding pro-coxae, ultimate rostral segment wedge-shaped, with 3 pairs of primary setae and 1 pair of accessroy setae.

Thorax. Dorsum of thorax smooth. Legs normal, smooth. Femoral setae long, thin and pointed; tibial setae short and blunt. First tarsal segments each with 1 sense peg and 2 lateral setae. Second tarsal segments with short imbrications and the empodial setae short and pointed. Fore wings radius bent, media twice-branched, 2 cubitus; hind wings with 1 long longitudinal vein and 2 obliques.

Abdomen. Abdominal tergite I with an inverted trapezoidal band, tergites II–V each with a pair of brown marginal patches, tergites II–VI each with a brown spino-pleural band, tergite VII across with a wide band, tergite VIII across with a narrow band ( Fig. 3A View Fig ). Abdominal tergites I–IV each with 4 spino-pleural setae, 2 pairs of marginal setae; tergites V–VI each with 4 or 5 spinal setae, 1 pair of marginal setae; tergite VII with 1 pair of spinal, pleural, marginal setae, respectively; tergite VIII with 11–13 setae. Spiracles round and opened; spiracular plates pale brown. Siphunculi cylindrical, swollen distally, obliquely truncated at tip, without flange ( Figs. 1J View Fig and 3E View Fig ); the basal 2/3 strongly distorted to spring-shaped and distal 1/3 smooth. Cauda tongue-shaped with spinulose striae and 6 setae distally ( Figs. 1K View Fig and 3F View Fig ). Anal plate semicircular with spinulose imbrications and 20–29 setae (Figs. IL and 2G). Genital plate transversely oval with spinulose striae, and with 6–17 anterior setae and 17–29 posterior setae.

Alate male. Body narrow and long oval; head and thorax black, abdomen yellow and each tergite with a back spino-pleural band in life ( Fig. 4A View Fig ). For morphometric data see Table 1.

Mounted specimen. Head, thorax, antennae and legs brown, siphunculi, cauda, anal plate and male genitalia pale brown ( Fig. 4A View Fig ). Dorsal setae of body long and pointed. Antennal segments III–V each with 74–102, 28–39, 19–29 secondary rhinaria respectively ( Fig. 4B–D View Fig ), and the base of segment VI with 9–12 secondary rhinaria ( Fig. 4D View Fig ). Rostrum over pro-coxae, ultimate rostral segment pointed wedge-shaped ( Fig. 5B View Fig ), with 3 pairs of primary setae and 1 pair of accessory setae. Legs normal, the distal of femora and tibiae slightly imbricated. Cauda wide tongue-shaped ( Figs. 1N View Fig and 5D View Fig ), shorter and wider than alate viviparous females. Others similar to alate viviparous female.

City), 20.VIII.2017, No. 40926, on Lonicera angutica , coll. XY. Luo; 1 alate viviparous female, CHINA: Tibet (Linzhi City), 29.VIII.2020, No. 49088, on Lonicera angutica , coll. Y. Xu; 2 alate viviparous females, CHINA: Tibet (Linzhi City), 19.VIII.2017, No. 40914, host plant unknown, coll. XY. Luo; 2 apterous viviparous females and 1 alate viviparous female (slides) and 1 apterous viviparous female (COI: ON398166), CHINA: Tibet (Linzhi City), 20.VIII.2017, No. 40925, on Lonicera angutica , coll. X.Y. Luo (NHMUK); 2 nymphs, CHINA: Tibet (Jilong County), 1.VIII.2021, No. 52039-1-1, on Lonicera angutica , coll. Y. Xu; 1 fourth alate nymph, CHINA: Tibet (Linzhi City), 3.VII.2021, No. 51774-1-1, on Lonicera angutica , coll. Y. Xu.

Biology. The new species feeds on upper side of leaves of Lonicera angutica during late June to early August, and the infested leaves fold longitudinally toward the upper side and deform into dumpling-shaped pseudogalls ( Fig. 7B and C View Fig ). After the late August, the species colonizes on undersides of leaves and do not induce to form pseudogalls when the population is small ( Fig. 7D View Fig ); however, as the aphid population density increases, the infested leaves deform into dumpling-shaped pseudogalls,

Fourth alate nymph. Antennal segments I–IV smooth, segment V slightly imbricated, segment VI with imbrications, without secondary rhinaria ( Fig. 6B View Fig ). Hind tibial setae at outside long and pointed, ones at inner side thick, long and blunt ( Fig. 6C View Fig ). Wings, cauda and anal plate immature. Others such as apterous viviparous female ( Fig. 6A, D, E View Fig ).

Type material. Holotype: apterous viviparous female, CHINA: Tibet (Linzhi City: 29.66 ◦ N, 94.30 ◦ E, 3213.58m), 26.VI.2021, No. 51698-1-1- 2, on Lonicera angutica , coll. Y. Xu. GoogleMaps Paratypes: 4 apterous viviparous females (slides), 1 alate viviparous female (slide) and 1 apterous viviparous female ( COI: ON398168 ), with the same collection data as holotype; 2 apterous viviparous females and 2 alate males (slides), and 1 apterous viviparous female ( COI: ON398167 ), CHINA: Tibet (Linzhi and the alate males are appearing. GoogleMaps

Acerocaudaphis jilongensis Qiao & Xu sp. nov.

Figs. 8–10 View Fig View Fig View Fig ; Table 1.

Etymology. The new species name refers to the distribution “jilong” of holotype.

Diagnosis. Antennae 5-segmented; siphunculi 0.10–0.12 mm, 0.39–0.45 times as long as cauda; cauda long, pointed conical with spinulose striae; the base wide and strongly tapering to apex; the middle with 18–23 thick, short, and blunt setae.

Description. Apterous viviparous females. Body oval, covered with white powders, vivid green in life ( Fig. 10C View Fig ). For morphometric data see Table 1.

Mounted specimens. Body pale; apex of rostrum, cauda and anal plate pale brown, others pale ( Fig. 9A View Fig ). Dorsum of body smooth, unsclerotized. Dorsal setae of body short and pointed.

Head. Dorsal middle suture present. Median frontal tubercle flat, antennal tubercles slightly protuberant and each with 3 setae at apex

( Figs. 8A View Fig and 9B View Fig ). Head with 1 pair of cephalic setae, 2 pairs of dorsal setae between antennae arranged longitudinally, 2 pairs of dorsal setae between compound eyes arranged transversely. Antennae 5-segmented, segments I–III smooth, segments IV–V with imbrications ( Figs. 8B View Fig and 9C View Fig ); antennal setae short and pointed, segments I–V each with 4, 2 or 3, 5–8, 2 or 3, 2 + 0 setae, respectively; processus terminalis with 2 or 3 apical setae. Antennae with circular and ciliated primary rhinaria. Rostrum short, reaching mid-coxae, ultimate rostral segment wedge-shaped ( Figs. 8C View Fig and 9D View Fig ), with 3 pairs of primary setae that includes 1 pair of long and thin setae, and 1 pair of accessory setae.

Thorax. Mesosternal furca inconspicuous, with separated arms. Pronotum with 2–4 spinal setae, 1 pair of pleural and 1 pair of marginal setae, respectively; mesonotum with 8 spino-pleural setae, 2 pairs of marginal setae; metanotum with 5–7 spino-pleural setae, 2 pairs of marginal setae. Legs short, smooth. Femoral setae long, thin and pointed; tibial setae at basal 1/2 short and blunt, and ones at distal 1/2 thick, long and blunt. First tarsal segments each with 1 sense peg and 2 lateral setae. Second tarsal segments slightly imbricated and the empodial setae short and pointed.

Abdomen.Abdominal tergite I with 4 or 5 spino-pleural setae, 1 pair of marginal setae; tergites II–IV each with 5–7 spino-pleural setae, 2 pairs of marginal setae; tergite V with 4 spinal setae and 1 pair of marginal setae; tergites VI–VII with 4–6 spino-pleural setae and 1 pair of marginal setae; tergite VIII with 4 spinal setae. Spiracles round and opened; spiracular plates flat, pale brown. Siphunculi short cylindrical, slightly swollen at distal, obliquely truncated at tip, without flange ( Figs. 8D View Fig and 9E View Fig ); basal 1/2 part with wrinkles and distal 1/2 smooth. Cauda long, pointed conical with spinulose striae ( Figs.8E View Fig and 9F View Fig ); the base wide and strongly tapering to apex; the middle with 18–23 thick, short and blunt setae. Anal plate rectangular at anterior and posterior margin forward indent to two conical tubercles ( Figs. 8F View Fig and 9G View Fig ), with spinulose imbrications and 7–9 setae at posterior margin and 25–31 anterior setae ventrally.Genital plate transversely oval ( Figs. 8G View Fig and 9H View Fig ), with spinulose striae and 6 or 7 anterior setae and 10–18 setae along the posterior margin.

Type material. Holotype: apterous viviparous female, CHINA: Tibet (Jilong County: 29.41 ◦ N, 85.34 ◦ E, 3355.43m), 1.VIII.2021, No. 52038- 1-1-1, on Lonicera sp. , coll. Y. Xu. GoogleMaps Paratypes: 4 apterous viviparous females (slides) and 1 apterous viviparous female ( COI: ON398169 ), with the same collection data as holotype ( NHMUK); 1 nymph, CHINA: Tibet (Jilong County), 1.VIII.2021, No. 52046-1-1, on Lonicera sp. , coll. Y. Xu. GoogleMaps

Biology. The new species feeds on upper side of leaves of Lonicera sp. in summer, and the infested leaves curl longitudinally along margin of leave toward the upper side to form long slightly swollen pseudogalls ( Fig. 10B View Fig ).