Gryon philippinense (Ashmead, 1904)

Komeda, Yoto, Mita, Toshiharu, Hirose, Yoshimi & Yamagishi, Kenzo, 2020, Taxonomic revision of charon -, floridanum - and muscaeforme - groups of Gryon Haliday, 1833 (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae) from Japan, with descriptions of two new species and host information, Journal of Hymenoptera Research 80, pp. 99-135 : 99

Gryon philippinense (Ashmead, 1904)

Figs 1D , 2D , 3D , 4D , 5D, J , 6D , 7C, D , 8C, D , 9C, D

Hadronotus philippinensis Ashmead, 1904a: Ashmead 1904c; Kieffer 1926; Baltazar 1966. Gryon philippinensis (Ashmead): Masner and Muesebeck 1968. Gryon philippinense (Ashmead): Mineo 1983; Mineo 1990b; Johnson 1992; Lê 2000; Dasilao and Arakawa 2004, 2005; Nakajima and Fujisaki 2010; Nakajima et al. 2012.

Hadronotus hakonensis Ashmead, 1904b: Kieffer 1926; Watanabe 1951. Gryon hakonensis (Ashmead): Masner and Muesebeck 1968. Gryon hakonense (Ashmead): Mineo 1981; Johnson 1992; Kononova and Kozlov 2008. syn. nov.

Hadronotus homoeoceri Nixon, 1934: Mineo 1979 (syn.). Hadronotus homoceri Nixon: Mani 1941. Gryon homoeoceri (Nixon): Masner 1965; Mani and Sharma 1982; Sharma 1982; Johnson 1992.

Diagnosis.

Horizontal portion of occipital carina short, reaching longitudinal extension line of outer margin of lateral ocelli or shorter. Postgena almost smooth, longitudinally costate by weak furrows along postoccipital carina; postgenal sulcus curved toward hypostoma; postgenal bridge smooth, weakly punctate-costate beside of median sulcus.

Description.

Female. Length = 1.2-1.7 mm.

Color. (Figs 1D , 2D ). Body mainly black. A1-6, mandibles, and legs (excluding coxae) yellow.

Head. FCI = 1.05-1.18; LCI = 1.53-1.71; DCI = 1.69-1.98; HW/IOS = 1.78-1.87; head about 1.3 times as wide as mesosoma (HW/TSL = 1.20-1.29). Frons (Fig. 3D ) reticulate with setae; central carina weakly present in lower half of frontal depression, absent in upper half of frontal depression, present between enclosing carina of frontal depression and anterior ocellus, frontal depression weakly developed, with enclosing carina; antennal depression width about 1.8 times wider than distance between eye and antennal depression (WAD/OAD = 1.61-2.32). Vertex reticulate with setae; interocellar space reticulate-granulate; hyperoccipital carina present; POL about 5.7 times as long as OOL (POL/OOL = 5.04-6.02); OOL about 0.3 times as long as LOL (OOL/LOL = 0.27-0.38). Clypeus rectangular, with rounded corners. Gena coriaceous with setae; medial genal carina present. Occiput (Fig. 4D ) transversely semi-elliptically costate, with setae; occipital carina complete; angular point of occipital carina developed; horizontal portion of occipital carina short, reaching longitudinal extension line of outer margin of lateral ocelli or shorter; postoccipital carina present, weak mesad; postgena almost smooth, longitudinally costate by weak furrows along postoccipital carina; postgenal sulcus curved toward hypostoma; postgenal bridge smooth, weakly punctate-costate beside median sulcus. Antennae (Fig. 5D ) clavate; A1 about three times longer than radicle, as long as clava; clava with six segments; claval sensilla formula A7-12/1-2-2-2-2-1; claval length about 4.8 times longer than width. Mandibles thin, tridentate, anterior tooth longer than other teeth.

Mesosoma. Cervical pronotal area (Fig. 8C ) granulate dorsad, smooth-imbricate ventrad, with dense setae; epomial carina strongly present, reaching dorsal edge; pronotal suprahumeral sulcus foveolate with setae, unclear mesad; lateral pronotal area rugulose dorsad, smooth with transverse dense carina ventrad. Propleuron weakly transversely costate. Mesoscutum (Fig. 7C ) about 1.4 times as wide as long (TSL/ML = 1.33-1.45) reticulate, inside of cell coriaceous, with setae; parascutal carina absent; notaulus absent. Mesoscutellum about 1.8 times as wide as long (SW/SL = 1.65-1.86), reticulate, inside of cell coriaceous, with setae, slightly produced posteriorly. Mesopleuron (Fig. 7D ) costate-reticulate above mesopleural canina, reticulate with setae below mesopleural canina; prespecular and upper mesepisternal sulci foveolate; prespecular sulcus with setae; mesopleural carina strongly present; postacetabular sulcus foveolate. Metascutellum (Fig. 8D ) weakly produced, rugose. Metapleuron (Fig. 7D ) foveolate anteriorly, glanulate with dense setae posteriorly, with longitudinal carina modified as weak redge; anterior part of metapleural sulcus and upper paracoxal sulcus with setae. Propodeum foveolate, with setae laterad. Fore wing (Fig. 6D ); stigmal vein about 3 times longer than marginal vein; postmarginal vein about 4.9 times longer than marginal vein.

Metasoma. T1 (Fig. 9C ) longitudinally striate, setose laterally. S1 (Fig. 9D ) longitudinally striate. T2 reticulate, with setae laterally. S2 reticulate-granulate, with setae. T3 reticulate with setae. S3-6 punctate with setae. T4 reticulate-rugose with setae. T5-6 rugose with setae.

Male. Almost same as female, but antennae (Fig. 7J ) filiform; A1 yellow, A2-11 brown.

Variation.

The sculpture of frons and postgena of the small specimens is weaker than that of the large specimens. In the smallest specimens collected in Kôchi University, the sculpture of the frons is reticulate-granulate with puncture and the sculpture of postgena is barely costate. In contrast, the sculpture of the frons in the larger specimens is clearly reticulate, and that of the postgena is also clear. The number of sulci is large in large specimens. The pronotal cervical sulcus is weakly foveolate in the large specimens, however, the foveolae are lacking in small specimens. Owing the smaller host egg size, specimens that emerge from A. soridius are smaller and the sculpture is weaker than those that emerge from the larger eggs of H. unipunctatus .

Host.

Coreidae : Acanthocoris sordidus , Homoeocerus marginellus ( Herrich-Schäffer, 1840), H. unipunctatus (Thunberg, 1783) new record; and Leptoglossus membranaceus (Fabricius, 1781). Watanabe (1951) also recorded Homoeocerus marginiventris Dohrn, 1860 ( Coreidae ) and Riptortus pedestris ( Alydidae ), but the identification of wasps is problematic (see remarks).

Biology.

Females of G. philippinense are found in the “Komomaki”, rice straw belts wrapped around trees during winter. Some females are also found on the underside of leaves of evergreen broad-leaved trees. In spring, females can be collected from blossoms of Acer palmatum Thunberg ( Sapindaceae ).

Material examined.

Ibaraki pref., Tsukuba city, near Mt. Tsukuba-san , 13.IX.1984, Takashi Noda leg., emergence from eggs of Acanthocoris sordidus on pod of soybeans, 2♂ 8♀ [ELKU]; Niigata pref., Nagaoka city, Urase-machi, 37.464°N, 138.907°E, alt. 40 m. 25. VII-7.VIII.2015, Ryo Shimizu and So Shimizu leg. (MT), 1♀ [ELKU]; 23. VI-13.VII.2016, (MT), 1♀ [ELKU]; 13. VII-1.VIII.2016, (MT), 1♀ [ELKU]; Wakayama pref., Nishi-Muro dist. , Shirahama town , Tonda-cho, 13.IX.1984, Takashi Noda leg., emergence from eggs of Acanthocoris sordidus , 2♂ 9♀ [ELKU]; Yamaguchi pref., Yamaguchi city, Ôuchi-Nagano. 34.167°N, 131.523°E. 29.XI.2014. Yoshimitsu Higashiura leg. 1♀ [ELKU]; Ehime pref., Matsuyama city, Tarumi, Ehime University, 23.I.2016. Yu Hisasue leg., (collected from Komomaki) 2♀ [ELKU]; 15-16.IV.2016, 2♀ (YPT) [ELKU]; Kita dist. , Uchiko town , Hongawa, Hirose shrine. 27.V.2014. Eiji Yamamoto leg. 1♀ [EUMJ]; 1.III.2017. Hiroyuki Yoshitomi leg. (collected from back of the leaves of Quercus gilva ) 10♀ [EUMJ]; Kôchi pref., Hata dist. , Nishi-Tosa vill., Oku-Yanai, Kuroson, 29.IV.1956., Yozo Murakami leg., 2♀ [ELKU]; Nankoku city, Kôchi University, Ryo Arakawa leg., emergence from eggs of Acanthocoris sordidus , 7♂ 14♀ [ELKU]; Fukuoka pref., Tagawa dist. , Soeda town , Ochiai, Kajiya, 24.VIII.1972, Michitaka Chujo leg., 2♀ [ELKU]; 12.IX.1972, 1♀ [ELKU]; 5.X.1972, 1♀ [ELKU]; Tagawa dist. , Soeda town , Mt. Hiko-san , Kaoru Maeto leg., 24-26.X.1979, 1♀ [NIAES]; Fukuoka city, Sawara ward, Ishigama, 6.V.2014, Taisuke Kawano leg., 1♀ [ELKU]; Yanagawa city, Shin’hokamachi, 33.158°N, 130.399°E, 12.III.2016, Yu Hisasue leg., (sweeping of trees) 1♀ [ELKU]; Kasuya dist. , Hisayama town , Ino, 10.IV.2018, Taisuke Kawano leg., (collected from blossoms of Acer palmatum ) 1♀ [ELKU]; Iizuka city, Ae, 33.564°N, 130.640°E, 5.V.2018. Yu Hisasue leg., (collected from blossoms of Acer palmatum ) 2♀ [ELKU]; Kumamoto pref., Hondo city, Jôshita, 22.VII.1996. Hiroshi Honda leg., (emergence from eggs of Acanthocoris sordidus ) 2♀ [ELKU]; Kagoshima pref., Kimotsuki dist. , Sata town , Magome, Tajiri, Kape Sata, 17.VII.1969, Minoru Miyazaki leg. 1♀ [ELKU]; Kagoshima city, 18.VII.1969, Osamu Yata leg. 1♀ [ELKU]; Kagoshima City, Mt. Taga-yama , 1.VI.1987, Yoshimi Hirose leg. (emergence from egg of Homoeocerus unipunctatus on Pueraria montana var. lobata ) 1♂ 1♀ [ELKU]; Hioki dist. , Ijuin town , 1.VI.1987, Yoshimi Hirose leg. (emergence from egg of Homoeocerus unipunctatus on Pueraria montana var. lobata ) 2♂ 7♀ [ELKU]; Kumage Dist. , Yaku-shima Isl. , Yaku town , Kurio, 8.VII.1975. Kenzo Yamagishi leg. 2♂ 2♀ [ELKU]; Kagoshima Dist. , Toshima vill., Tokara Isles., Kuchi-no-shima Isl., 2.V.1993, Hiroshi Honda leg., 2♀ [ELKU]; Oshima dist. , Amami-oshima Isl. , Tatsugo town , Ankiyaba, 22.V.2002, Kenji Fujisaki leg., (emergence from egg of Acanthocoris sordidus ) 18♂ 13♀ [ELKU]; Okinawa pref., Okinawa Isl. , Kunigami dist. , Motobu town , Izumi. 21.X.1963, Yoshihiro Hirashima leg. 1♀ [ELKU]; Ôgimi vill., Ôgimi, 27.VII.1995, Yoshimitsu Higashiura leg. (emergence from coerid egg on papaya) 7♂ 5♀ [ELKU]; Nago city, Mt. Nago-dake , 26.587°N, 128.000°E, 140 m, 3-14.VII.2016, Keisuke Narita leg. 1♀ [ELKU]; Miyako Isl. , Miyako-jima city, Ueno , Mt. Nobaru-dake , 27.XII.2017, Hiraku Yoshitake leg. 1♀ [ELKU]; 29.XII.2017, 1♀ [ELKU]; Miyako-jima city, Hirara , Ôno-sanrin, near Miyako-seishônen-no-ie, 29.XII.2017, Hiraku Yoshitake leg. 6♀ [ELKU]; Ishigaki Isl. , Ishigaki city, Kawara-dake , 28.X.1963, Yoshihiro Hirashima leg. 1♀ [ELKU]; Yaeyama dist. Iriomote Isl. , Taketomi town , Ôhara-komi, 17.VII.1963, Yorio Miyatake leg., 1♀ [ELKU]; Taketomi town , Ôtomi, 15-23.III.1995, Takeshi Matsuura leg. 1♀ [NIAES]; Nagasaki pref., Tsushima Isl. , Shimo-Agata dist. , Izuhara town, Mt. Tatera, 27.IX.1959, 1♀ [ELKU] (with identification label; Gryon hakonensis (Ashm.) det. G. Mineo, 1978) .

Distribution.

Japan (Honshu: Ibaraki, Niigata, Wakayama, and Yamaguchi; Shikoku: Ehime and Kôchi; Kyushu: Fukuoka, Saga, Kumamoto, and Kagoshima; Ryukyus: Yaku-shima Isl., Naka-no-shima Isl., Amami-ôhshima Isl., Okinawa Isl., Miyako Isl., Ishigaki Isl., and Iriomote Isl.; Tsushima Is.), South Korea (North Gyeongsang: Mt. Sudosan) Philippines (Luzon Isl.: Manila), Indonesia (Java Isl.: Bogor), India (Kerala), Vietnam (Ho Chi Minh City).

Remarks.

Among the Gryon charon -group species, G. philippinense differs from other species in the sculpture of the median sulcus of the postgenal bridge (Fig. 4D ). Talamas et al. (2017) provided some pictures of holotypes of G. philippinense and G. hakonense . Also, we examined the voucher specimen of Mineo (1979) deposited in ELKU. Based on these pictures and the voucher specimens, G. hakonense is a junior synonym of G. philippinense . Watanabe (1951) redescribed G. hakonense based on specimens that emerged from eggs of Homoeocerus marginiventris and Riptortus pedestris . We could not, however, find the voucher specimens in SEHU and the redescription is insufficient to identify the species properly, therefore, we excluded the two host records.

Figures

Figure 1. Japanese Gryon spp., dorsal view A G. fulvicoxa sp. nov., holotype B G. japonicum C G. yamagishii D G. philippinense E G. shisa sp. nov., holotype F G. pennsylvanicum. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figure 2. Japanese Gryon spp., lateral views A G. fulvicoxa sp. nov., holotype B G. japonicum C G. yamagishii D G. philippinense E G. shisa sp. nov., paratype F G. pennsylvanicum. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figure 3. Frons of Japanese Gryon spp. A G. fulvicoxa sp. nov. B G. japonicum C G. yamagishii D G. philippinense E G. shisa sp. nov. F G. pennsylvanicum.

Figure 4. Occiput of Japanese Gryon spp. A G. fulvicoxa sp. nov. B G. japonicum C G. yamagishii D G. philippinense E G. shisa sp. nov. F G. pennsylvanicum.

Figure 5. Antennae of Japanese Gryon spp. A G. fulvicoxa sp. nov., female B G. japonicum, female C G. yamagishii, female D G. philippinense, female E G. shisa sp. nov., female F G. pennsylvanicum, female G G. fulvicoxa sp. nov., male H G. japonicum, male I G. yamagishii, male J G. philippinense, male K G. shisa sp. nov., male L G. pennsylvanicum, male.

Figure 6. Forewing of Japanese Gryon spp. A G. fulvicoxa sp. nov. B G. japonicum C G. yamagishii D G. philippinense E G. shisa sp. nov. F G. pennsylvanicum.

Figure 7. Mesosoma of Japanese Gryon spp. A G. japonicum, dorsal view B lateral view C G. philippinense, dorsal view D lateral view E G. pennsylvanicum, dorsal view F lateral view.

Figure 8. Mesosoma of Japanese Gryon spp. A G. japonicum, anterior view B posterior view C G. philippinense, anterior view D posterior view E G. pennsylvanicum, anterior view F posterior view.

Figure 9. Metasoma of Japanese Gryon spp. A G. japonicum, dorsal view B ventral view C G. philippinense, dorsal view D ventral view E G. pennsylvanicum, dorsal view F ventral view.