Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) minima Rondani, 1862

Whitmore, Daniel, 2011, New taxonomic and nomenclatural data on Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), with description of six new species, Zootaxa 2778, pp. 1-57 : 40-42

Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) minima Rondani, 1862

( Figs 62–63 )

Sarcophaga minima Rondani, 1862: 113 .

Sarcophaga fertoni Villeneuve, 1911: 127 .

Pierretia (Bercaea) graeca Rohdendorf, 1937: 327 .

Type material examined. Sarcophaga minima : Holotype 3: 1019 // HOLOTYPE 3 // Sarcophaga / minima Rond. / T. Pape det. 1986 // Heteronychia / minima (Rond.) / T. Pape det. 1986 ( MZUF) (see Pape 1988).

Sarcophaga fertoni : Lectotype 3, herewith designated to fix unambiguously the identity of the nominal species and thus promote nomenclatural stability: [ France, Isère] Grenoble / 27.VI.03 // Sarcophaga / Fertoni / Type Villen. // Coll. J. Villeneuve / Sarcophaga / Fertoni Vill. / R.M.H.N. Belg. 15.392 // TYPE // cf. Deut. Ent. / Zeit. 1911, p. 126 // [red label] LECTOTYPE 3 / Sarcophaga / fertoni / Villeneuve, 1911 /det. D. Whitmore 2007 (IRSNB). Paralectotypes: 1 3: [ Corsica] Bonifacio, 10.VII.1902 (IRSNB); 1 Ƥ: [ France, Var] Cavalière, V.1901 (IRSNB); 3 3: Cavalière, V (IRSNB); 1 3: [ Corsica] Bastia, 26.VI (IRSNB); 1 3, 1 Ƥ: [ Corsica] Campo di l’Oro, VI (IRSNB); 1 3: [ France, Hérault] Palavas, 4.VII.1904 (IRSNB); 1 3: Algeria, Mascara (IRSNB) [all males are conspecific with the lectotype; females were not examined closely].

Remarks. Villeneuve (1911) based his description of Sarcophaga fertoni upon an unspecified number of males and females from Dauphiné and Provence (mainland France), Corsica, Algeria and Tunisia, and did not designate a holotype. I consider the 10 specimens listed above as constituting part of the type series of S. fertoni . The lectotype was chosen for its place of origin (Dauphiné) and its good overall condition.

Pierretia (Bercaea) graeca : Holotype 3: Parnass. [ Greece] // [transliterated from Cyrillic] Grecii / Kruper // [small, round golden foil label] // Sarcophaga / graeca Typus / B. Rohdendorf 1924 // [red label added by Yu.G. Verves (pers. comm., 2007)] Holotypus 1937 / Heteronychia / graeca Rohdendorf (ZIN) and corresponding slide with terminalia: [handwritten on glass] Heteronychia / (Medeterranisca) [sic!] / graeca / Rohd. // [small rectangular label glued to slide] Typus / graeca Rohd // [red label glued to slide] HOLOTYPE 3 / Pierretia / ( Bercaea ) / graeca / Rohdendorf, 1937 / det. D. Whitmore 2007 // [white label glued to slide] Sarcophaga / minima / Rondani, 1862 / det. D. Whitmore 2007 (ZIN).

Additional material examined. Algeria: Mascara ( Oran), 27.X.1912, 1 3 ( USNM). Austria: Krems, 25.IV– 16.V.1998, D. Povolný leg., 3 3 ( MMBC). Egypt: Abu Rawash, 26.III.1939, A. Machi leg., 1 3 ( MZUR); Sinai, Gebel Katharina, 2400–2600m, 25.VI.1998, A. Freidberg & F. Kaplan leg., 1 3 ( TAU); Suez Road, 15.III.1935, 4 3 ( USNM). France: Aude: Gorge de l’Aude, 10 km SW Axat, IX.1989, Blackith & Blackith leg., 2 3 ( ZMUC); Gorge de Rebenty, 12 km SW Quillan, IX.1989, Blackith & Blackith leg., 1 3 ( ZMUC); Narbonne, 8.IV.2002, R. Richet leg., 4 3 ( NHRS); Corsica, Bonifacio, 27.VI, 3 3 ( NHRS, “dans nid de Oxybelus notatus ”) [ Hymenoptera , Crabronidae ]. Greece: Akropolis, 31.V.1992, D. Povolný leg., 1 3 ( MMBC); same locality, 31.VIII–5.IX.1992, D. Povolný leg., 3 3 ( MMBC); Attica, Attiki prov., Anavyossos, 260m, 26.IV.2003, P. Cerretti et al. leg., 2 3 (CNBFVR); Crete (new regional record), Sfakion, Aradena gorge, 1.VII.1994, V. Michelsen leg., 1 3 ( ZMUC); Lesvos, Mithimna, 5–7.VII.1991, V. Michelsen leg., 1 3 ( ZMUC); Poros Is., 5 3 ( IRSNB). Hungary: Buda, 2.VI, 1 3 ( IRSNB); Budapest, Kertesz leg., 1 3 ( USNM). Israel: Ain Fescha, Dead Sea, Jordan Valley, 20.I.47, 1 3; Avedat, 16.IV.1997, A. Freidberg leg., 1 3 ( TAU); Arad, 5.I.1971, J. Kugler leg., 3 3 ( TAU); same locality, 6.V.1971, J. Kugler leg., 1 3 ( TAU); Avdat, 1.VIII.1975, A. Freidberg leg., 1 3 ( TAU); Avenat, 380m, 28.III.2007, D. Whitmore & P. Cerretti leg., 1 3 (CNBFVR); Berekhat-Zefira, 6.IV.1982, I. Yardom leg., 1 3 ( TAU); Besor Nature Reserve, 11.V.2005, A. Freidberg leg., 1 3 ( TAU); Ein-Akev, 21.XI.1983, Nussbaum leg., 1 3 ( TAU); Ein Tureiba, 31.I.1977, A. Freidberg leg., 1 3 ( TAU); Fazael, 28.IV.1976, A. Freidberg & D. Simon leg., 3 3 ( TAU); Feshkha, 15.III.1977, M. Kaplan leg., 2 3 ( TAU); Ein Mor, 22.IV.1986, F. Kaplan leg., 1 3 ( TAU); Haluza, 11.V.2005, L. Freidman leg. ( TAU); Hameshar, 16.III.1988, F. Kaplan leg., 1 3 ( TAU); Har Horesha, 900–1000m, 18.IV.1998, A. Freidberg leg., 1 3 ( TAU); same locality, 6.IV.2005, L. Friedman leg., 1 3 ( TAU); Har Ramon, 6.IV.1979, J. Kugler leg., 1 3 ( TAU); Herzliyya, 28.VII.1981, A. Freidberg leg., Malaise trap, 1 3 ( TAU); same locality, 8.VI.1981, A. Freidberg leg., 1 3 ( TAU); same locality, 15.VII.1982, A. Freidberg leg., 1 3 ( TAU); Jericho, 8.III.1976, M. Kaplan leg., 3 3 ( TAU); Kalia, 13. II.1975, F. Kaplan leg., 1 3 ( TAU); same locality, 8.III.1976, A. Freidberg leg., 1 3 ( TAU); Kfar-Yerucham, 24.III.1959, J. Kugler leg., 1 3 ( TAU); Ma’ale Adumim, 10.III.1978, J. Kugler leg., 1 3 ( TAU); Maale Ha’akrabim, Dead Sea, 7.IV.1952, O. Theodor leg., 2 3 ( TAU); Mashabei sade, 7.IV.1964, J. Kugler leg., 1 3 ( TAU); Mishor Rotem, 2–21.II.1966, M. Weischelfish leg., 2 3 ( TAU); same locality, 1–10.III.1966, M. Weichselfish leg., 7 3 ( TAU); same locality, 3.III.1971, J. Kugler leg., 1 3 ( TAU); Mishor Yamin, 25.II.1984, I. Yarom leg., 4 3 ( TAU); Mizpe Ramon, 17.VIII.1995, B. Merz leg., 1 3 ( NHRS); Nahal Bsor, nr. Sede Boger, 19.VII.1984, F. Kaplan leg., 1 3 ( TAU); Nahal Qumeran, 9.IV.1986, A. Freidberg leg., 1 3 ( TAU); same locality, 29.III.1990, A. Freidberg & F. Kaplan leg., 1 3 ( TAU); Nahal Ramon, 30.X.1984, A. Freidberg leg., 1 3 ( TAU); Oron, 21.IV.2005, A. Freidberg leg., 4 3 ( TAU); Revivim, 25.III.1957, O. Theodor leg., 2 3 ( TAU); Rosh-Haayin, 11.V.1982, Nussbaum leg., 1 3 ( TAU); Rosh Zohar, 9.V.1961, O. Theodor leg., 1 3 ( TAU); Rosh Zukim, 10.IV.1994, A. Freidberg et al. leg., 6 3 ( TAU); Sde Boker, 2.VI.1953 ,, O. Theodor leg., 1 3 ( TAU); same locality, 23.IV.1955, O. Theodor leg., 1 3 ( TAU); same locality, 20.IV.1961, O. Theodor leg., 2 3 ( TAU); Shivta, 5.IV.1962, J. Kugler leg., 2 3 ( TAU); Sinai Mts., Wadi Geragenia, 2000m, 16.VIII.1974, F. Kaplan leg., 1 3 ( TAU); Treibe, 1.V.1953, O. Theodor leg., 1 3 ( TAU); Wabi Nafk, 23.IV.1955, O. Theodor leg., 1 3 ( TAU); Wadi Ahmer, 8.IV.1986, I. Susman leg., 1 3 ( TAU); Wadi Faria, 1.III.1973, A. Freidberg leg., 1 3 ( TAU); Wadi Geragenia, 2000m, 16.VII.1974, F. Kaplan leg., 1 3 ( TAU); W. Murra, 8.IV.1958, Coll. Lewinsohn, 1 3 ( TAU); Wadi Naf, 30.IV.1953, O. Theodor leg., 1 3 ( TAU); Wadi Nafech, 21.III.1974, M. Kaplan leg., 2 3 ( TAU). Italy: 117 3 and 38 ƤƤ from Abruzzi, Apulia, Latium, Sardinia, Sicily and Tuscany (see Whitmore 2009b); Sardinia, Cagliari prov., Costa Rei, 20.VI.1997, D. Povolný leg., 1 3 ( MMBC); Sicily, Palermo prov.: Casina, 23.V–24.VI.2001, D. Povolný leg., 5 3 ( MMBC); Catalfano, 27.V.2002, D. Povolný leg., 7 3 ( MMBC); Monte Cervi (Madonie), 30.V.1997, D. Povolný leg., 5 3 ( MMBC); same locality, 6.VI.1999, D. Povolný leg., 3 3 ( MMBC); Pizzo Cane, 27–28.V.1998, D. Povolný leg., 4 3 ( MMBC); same locality, 26.V.1999, D. Povolný leg., 1 3 ( MMBC); same locality, 28.V–23.VI.2001, D. Povolný leg., 6 3 ( MMBC); same locality, 29.V–6.VI. 2002, 12 3 ( MMBC); same locality, 29.V.2003, D. Povolný leg., 6 3 ( MMBC); Pizzo Sant’Angelo, 1.VI.2001, D. Povolný leg., 1 3 ( MMBC); same locality, 28.V.2003, D. Povolný leg., 1 3 ( MMBC); Valle del Corvo, 31.V.1997, D. Povolný leg., 1 3 ( MMBC); same locality, 1–2.VI.1999, D. Povolný leg., 2 3 ( MMBC); same locality, 2.VI.2001. D. Povolný leg., 3 3 ( MMBC); same locality, 23.V.2003, D. Povolný leg., 1 3 ( MMBC); Siracusa prov., Noto/Vendicari, 10.VI.1999, B. Merz leg., 2 3 ( MMBC). Malta: Mellieha Bay, Ghadira, 19–31.VIII.1992, B. Petersen leg., 1 3 ( ZMUC); Salina Bay , 4.VI.1999, B. Merz leg., 1 3 ( NHRS); Gozo Is.: Is-Srug, 30.III.1999, B. & G. Degen leg., 3 3 ( NHRS); Ramla Bay, 16.VI.1999, B. Merz leg., 4 3 ( MMBC, NHRS). Morocco: Agadir, Oulma, 200m, 21.IV.1997, C. Kassebeer leg., 1 3 ( NHRS); Azrou/Ifrane area, 1400–2000m, 17–19.IV.1989, 1 3 ( ZMUC); Beni-Mellal, Afourér, 1100m, 17.IV.1997, C. Kassebeer leg., 3 3 ( NHRS); Marrakech, Ijoukak, 1200m, 29.IX.1994, C. Kassebeer leg., 1 3 ( NHRS); Marrakech, Ouirgane, 1000m, 24–30.V.1996, C. Kassebeer leg., 2 3 ( NHRS); Marrakech, 5 km N Ouirgane, 1000m, 16.IV.1997, C. Kassebeer leg., 1 3 ( NHRS). Slovakia: Kvetnica, 2.V.2000, D. Povolný leg., 1 3 ( MMBC). Spain: Andalusia: Motril, Gualchos, 11–15.VII.1993, V. Michelsen leg., 2 3 ( ZMUC); Sierra Filabres, 9 km E Albánchez, 23.IV.2003, J. Halada leg., 1 3 ( ZMUC); Salamanca, Villar de Ciervo, Las Coronas, 18.VI– 8.VII.1995, H.-P. Tschorsnig leg., 1 3 ( NHRS); Saragoza, Pina de Ebro, VIII.1991, J. Blasco-Zumeta leg., 1 3 ( NHRS). Tunisia: Ain Draham area, 5–18.V.1988, 1 3 ( ZMUC); 25 km SE Ain Draham, 10–16.V.1988, 1 3 ( ZMUC); 25 km E Gafsa, 11–13.III.1988, 3 3 ( ZMUC); 10 km N Korba, 29.III.1986, 1 3 ( ZMUC); Nefta, 14– 16.III.1986, 2 3 ( ZMUC); Tabarka area, 7–18.V.1988, 2 3 ( ZMUC); 12 km S Thala, 10.III.1986, 1 3 ( ZMUC). Turkey: Smyrne [= Izmik], Krüper leg., 1 3 ( IRSNB).

Remarks. Some specimens of Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) minima from Egypt and Israel differ from the typical S. minima in the shape of the cercus, stouter in lateral view and with a distinct subapical hump ( Fig. 62 ), and the lateral membranous processes of the juxta, more strongly protruding dorsally ( Fig. 63 ). Such specimens were associated by Salem (1935: 34, fig. 6) with the name Sarcophaga fertoni . Rohdendorf (1937: 324, figs 440–441) followed Salem’s representation of “ fertoni ” (which in his classification he placed in genus Pierretia , subgenus Bercaea ) and distinguished it from his new species Pierretia (Bercaea) graeca (= the typical S. (H.) minima ). Verves (1986) continued to consider fertoni and graeca as two distinct species, whereas Pape (1988), in his revision of Rondani’s primary types, reinstated S. minima as the valid name for the species, although he compared the holotype with Rohdendorf’s drawings of “ fertoni ” (whereas the holotype of S. minima is identical to Pierretia graeca ); later, Verves (1993) still considered minima and fertoni as separate species, and listed graeca as a synonym of the latter; Pape (1996), possibly noticing that some confusion had arisen in the treatment of these names, listed all three ( fertoni , graeca and minima ) as separate, valid species of Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) ; finally, Povolný (1998) listed both fertoni and graeca as synonyms of minima , and these synonymies were later accepted by Kara and Pape (2002) and Pape (2004a). My examination of the above name-bearing types fully confirms these synonymies.

Given the degree of variability in the cercus and distiphallus that exists within the species and the finding of intermediate specimens, I prefer to consider the morphologically divergent specimens from Egypt and Israel – which correspond to the “ fertoni ”of Salem (1935), Rohdendorf (1937) and Lehrer (2006, 2010) – as belonging to Sarcophaga (H.) minima .

Figures

FIGURES 54 – 65. 54 – 56. Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) enderleini Jacentkovský. 54. Cercus and surstylus, specimen from Italy, Abetina di Rosello (CNBFVR), scale bar 0.25 mm. 55. Distiphallus (lateral), type specimen of Heteronychia (Eupierretia) macedonica Povolný from Greece, St. Panteleimon (MMBC), scale bar 0.1 mm. 56. Juxta (apical), specimen from Italy, Borgo Capanne (NHRS), scale bar 0.05 mm. 57. Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) ferox Villeneuve, distiphallus (half ventral, arrow showing vesica); paratype of Heteronychia (Asceloctis) perplexa Peris et al. from Spain, Pego, scale bar 0.15 mm. 58. Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) giganta Pape, distiphallus (lateral); specimen from Croatia, Biokovo (NHRS), scale bar 0.25 mm. 59. Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) kataphygionis (Povolný), distiphallus (lateral); paratype from Greece, Olympos (MMBC), scale bar 0.1 mm. 60. Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) sp., distiphallus (lateral); specimen from Ukraine, Andriyivka (YVC), scale bar 0.1 mm. 61. Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) kerteszi Villeneuve, terminalia; specimen from Lebanon, Mt. Barukh (TAU, as “ Heteronychia dayani det. Lehrer ”), scale bar 0.25 mm. 62 – 63. Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) minima Rondani, specimen from Israel, Hameshar (TAU, as “ Ctenodasypygia fertoni det. Lehrer ”). 62. Cercus and surstylus, scale bar 0.15 mm (arrow showing subapical hump of cercus). 63. Distiphallus (lateral), scale bar 0.1 mm (arrow showing protruding lateral membranous process of juxta). 64. Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) nanula (Povolný), distiphallus (apical); specimen from Sicily, Sortino (ZMUC), scale bar 0.05 mm. 65. Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) depressifrons Zetterstedt, distiphallus (apical); specimen from Switzerland, Zürichberg (NHRS), scale bar 0.05 mm.