Hebeloma lactariolens ( Clemencon & Hongo) B.J. Rees & Orlovich, Mycologia 105: 1055 (2013).

Eberhardt, Ursula, Schuetz, Nicole, Beker, Henry J., Lee, Su See & Horak, Egon, 2021, Hebeloma in the Malay Peninsula: Masquerading within Psathyrella, MycoKeys 77, pp. 117-141 : 117

Hebeloma lactariolens ( Clemencon & Hongo) B.J. Rees & Orlovich, Mycologia 105: 1055 (2013). Figures 2B , 6

Type.

Japan. Shiga-ken: Otsu-shi, Tomikawa, ca. 180 m a.s.l., 34.9001°N, 135.9489°E, Pinus sp., Quercus sp., 15 Aug 1988, T. Hongo, H. Clémençon HC88/95 (holotype TNS! [TNS-F-237670]; isotype LAU; database reference HJB1000383; ITS GenBank acc. no. AY818352).

Homotypic synonyms.

Alnicola lactariolens Clémençon & Hongo, Mycoscience 35(1): 25 (1994). Anamika lactariolens ( Clémençon & Hongo) Matheny, Mycol. Res. 109(11): 1262 (2005).

Heterotypic synonyms.

Psathyrella verrucispora Corner, Gdns’Bull., Singapore 45(2): 344 (1994) [1993], nom. inval., Art. 40.7 ≡ Lacrymaria verrucispora (Corner) Voto, Boll. Assoc. micol. ecol. Romana 107(2): 95 (2019), nom. inval., Art. 40.7. Type: Singapore. Malay Peninsula, Aug. 1929, E.J.H. Corner (holotype E! [E 00204780]; database reference HJB19598).

Other material examined.

Malaysia. Johor State: Mersing district, Endau-Rompin Selai, Endau-Rompin (Johor) National Park, Camp Lubuk Tapah, ca. 130 m a.s.l., 2.2976°N, 103.1351°E, with Dipterocarpus , 19 Mar. 2009, E. Horak 12796 (collection E. Horak at ZT, FRIM [FRIM 62726]; database reference HJB13363); Johor State: Kluang district, Endau-Rompin Peta, Endau-Rompin (Johor) National Park, trail to Upeh Guling, ca. 40 m a.s.l., 2.5230°N, 103.3611°E, in woodland with Dipterocarpus and Quercus , 4 Sept. 2009, E. Horak 13287 (collection E. Horak at ZT, FRIM [FRIM 62987]; database reference HJB13365); Negeri Sembilan State: Jelebu district, Simpang Pertang, Pasoh Forest Reserve, ca. 165 m a.s.l., 2.7264°N, 102.0783°E, in woodland, 20 Apr. 2010, E. Horak 13381 (collection E. Horak at ZT, FRIM [FRIM 62329]; database reference HJB13503). SINGAPORE. Malay Peninsula, (E! [E 002048240]; database reference HJB19652), this is just a spore print collected by E.J.H. Corner that may be from the intended type of Psathyrella verrucispora .

Remarks.

Clémençon and Hongo (1994) originally published this taxon as Alnicola lactariolens in the April issue of Mycoscience, apparently published on 1 Apr 1994; it appears Corner had effectively published the paper including the same taxon one day earlier, on 31 Mar 1994 as Psathyrella verrucispora . Both are morphologically clearly members of Hebeloma section Porphyrospora . The authors of both papers comment on the purple-brown (vinaceous) spore print, Corner (1994 [ “1993”], p. 345) notes that the spore deposit color is fuscous purple, which is why he described his species in Psathyrella rather than Lacrymaria . Clémençon and Hongo (1994) commented on the spore deposit being a dark purple-brown color, an unknown feature of Alnicola . In Yang et al. (2005) Alnicola lactariolens was recombined into Anamika and later by Rees et al. (2013) into Hebeloma . The spore deposit color and its typical color change upon storage is the most striking feature of members of H. sect. Porphyrospora ( Eberhardt et al. 2020). Good descriptions and further illustrations of H. lactariolens can be found in Corner (1994 [ “1993”]) and Clémençon and Hongo (1994). Figure 6 , shows various macro and micro characters of Corner’s intended type of Psathyrella verrucispora .

This species is rather variable molecularly and in the ML reconstruction forms a clade together with H. youngii , an Australian species growing with Eucalyptus and Corymbia , to our knowledge only known from the type locality ( Rees et al. 2013). Even though the monophyly of H. lactariolens in relation to H. youngii is not bootstrap-supported within this analysis (Fig. 1 ), although it is in the BI results (see TreeBase), the molecular distance, the occurrence on different continents, the different host associations, and morphologically, the cheilocystidia which for H. youngii are more consistently lanceolate and the number of full length lamellae which for H. youngii is in the range 50-60 while for H. lactariolens is always less than 40, clearly separate these taxa. The Malaysian and Singapore records are from lowland tropical forests while the type has been described from a subtropical habitat from Japan, thus hinting at a wide climatic and geographical range. Hebeloma lactariolens is according to observations of S. S. L. not uncommon in Malaysia. The FRIM database includes additional records of this species (not studied) from Hutan Simpan Semangkuk, Fraser’s Hill, Pahang and the Pasoh Forest Reserve, Negeri Sembilan, from hill respective lowland dipterocarp forests.

Figures

Figure 1. ML topology of concatenated ITS and MCM 7 sequences of Hebeloma and Alnicola. Flammula alnicola is used for rooting purposes. Bootstrap support based on 500 replicates and posterior probabilities based on a BI analysis are indicated at the branches. Assignment of species to sections follows Beker et al. (2016). Sequences in red are from Malaysian collections discussed in this paper. T indicates type collections. Thick branches indicate full support. AS - Asia, EU - Europe, NA - North America, O - Oceania, gr. - group.

Figure 2. Macroscopic features A Hebeloma flavidifolium (E. Horak 13406) B H. lactariolens (E. Horak 13381) C H. parvisporum (E. Horak 12796) D H. radicans holotype (E. Horak 13265). Photographs E. Horak.

Figure 6. Microscopic features of Hebeloma lactariolens (E 00204780); intended holotype of Psathyrella verrucispora nom. inval.) A spores in Melzer's reagent x 1600 B spore ornamentation in Melzer's reagent x 1600 C basidium in KOH x 1000 D cheilocystidia in KOH x 1000 E, F pleurocystidium in KOH x 1000 G caulocystidia in KOH x 500 H sectional view of cutis below the gelatinous epicutis in KOH x 500 I sectional view of ixocutis showing thin gelatinous epicutis in KOH x 125. Scale bars: 10 µm (A-H), 100 µm (I). Photographs H. J. Beker. J Exsiccata (a section of photograph from http: // data. rbge. org. uk / herb / E 00204780 provided by the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh).