Glyptapanteles bobwhartoni Arias-Penna, sp. nov.

Arias-Penna, Diana Carolina, Whitfield, James B., Janzen, Daniel H., Winifred Hallwachs,, Dyer, Lee A., Smith, M. Alex, Hebert, Paul D. N. & Fernandez-Triana, Jose L., 2019, A species-level taxonomic review and host associations of Glyptapanteles (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) with an emphasis on 136 new reared species from Costa Rica and Ecuador, ZooKeys 890, pp. 1-685 : 1

Glyptapanteles bobwhartoni Arias-Penna, sp. nov. Figs 35 , 36

Female.

Body length 2.93 mm, antenna length 2.63 mm, fore wing length 2.83 mm.

Type material.

Holotype: COSTA RICA • 1♀; 04-SRNP-55913, DHJPAR0004232; Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Guanacaste, Sector Pitilla, Sendero Mismo ; rain forest; 680 m; 10.98758, -85.41967; 10.x.2004; Manuel Rios leg.; caterpillar collected in second instar; white bud-like elongate cocoon adhered to the leaf substrate and formed on 02.xi.2004; adult parasitoid emerged on 11.xi.2004; ( CNC) . Paratype. 1 (0 ♀, 0 ♂) (1♀, 0 ♂); 04-SRNP-55913, DHJPAR0004232; same data as for holotype; ( CNC) .

Other material.

Reared material. COSTA RICA: Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Alajuela, Sector San Cristóbal, Sendero Perdido : • 5 (3♀, 1♂) (1♀, 0 ♂); 03-SRNP-5375, DHJPAR0000046; rain forest; 620 m; 10.8794, -85.38607, 10.ii.2003; Carolina Cano leg. ; caterpillar collected in fourth instar; white bud-like cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate and formed on 13.ii.2003; adult parasitoids emerged on 23.ii.2003.

Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Guanacaste, Sector Pitilla, Sendero Mismo : • 2 (1♀, 0 ♂) (0 ♀, 1♂); 04-SRNP-55910, DHJPAR0002900; rain forest; 680 m; 10.98758, -85.41967; 10.x.2004; Manuel Rios leg. ; caterpillar collected in second instar; white elongate ridged bud-like cocoons in litter or soil and formed on 02.xi.2004; adult parasitoids emerged on 07.xi.2004. • 2 (1♀, 0 ♂) (1♀, 0 ♂); 04-SRNP-55980, DHJPAR0002901; same data as for preceding except: white bud-like cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate and formed on 28.x.2004 . • 2 (1♀, 0 ♂) (1♀, 0 ♂); 04-SRNP-55922, DHJPAR0002902; same data as for preceding except: white bud-like cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate and formed on 28.x.2004 ; adult parasitoids emerged on 06.xi.2004. • 5 (2♀, 2♂) (1♀, 0 ♂); 04-SRNP-55912, DHJPAR0002903; same data as for preceding except: white ridged elongate solitary bud-like cocoons formed on 07.xi.2004 adhered to the leaf substrate; adult parasitoids emerged on 14.xi.2004. • 1 (0 ♀, 0 ♂) (1♀, 0 ♂, 4 died before emerged); 04-SRNP-55916, DHJPAR0002905; same data as for preceding except: white ridged elongate bud-like cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate and formed on 02.xi.2004 ; adult parasitoids emerged on 07.xi.2004. • 2 (1♀, 0 ♂) (1♀, 0 ♂); 04-SRNP-55909, DHJPAR0004222; same data as for preceding except: white bud-like cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate and formed on 28.x.2004 . • 4 (3♀, 0 ♂) (1♀, 0 ♂); 04-SRNP-55911, DHJPAR0004235; same data as for preceding except: white bud-like cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate and formed on 06.xi.2004 ; adult parasitoids emerged on 16.xi.2004. • 2 (1♀, 0 ♂) (1♀, 0 ♂); 04-SRNP-55920, DHJPAR0004236; same data as for preceding except: adult parasitoids emerged on 06.xi.2004 .

Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Alajuela, Sector Rincón Rain Forest, Sendero Rincon : • 1 (0 ♀, 0 ♂) (1♀, 0 ♂); 05-SRNP-40591, DHJPAR0004243; 430 m; 10.8962, -85.27769; 19.ii.2005; José Pérez leg. ; caterpillar collected in third instar; white bud-like cocoon adhered to the leaf substrate; adult parasitoid emerged on 28.ii.2005.

Diagnosis.

Hind coxa with dorsal half sparsely punctate, ventral half densely punctate ( Figs 35A , 36J ), antenna shorter than body, distal antennal flagellomere subequal in length with penultimate, scutellar punctation distinct peripherally, absent centrally ( Figs 35I , 36E ), fore wing with vein 2 cu-a present as spectral vein, sometimes difficult to see, r vein straight, outer side of junction of r and 2RS veins forming a stub ( Figs 35N , 36K ), median area on T2 broader than long, edges of median area on T2 obscured by weak longitudinal stripes, and lateral grooves delimiting the median area on T2 distally losing definition on T2 ( Figs 35J, K , 36G, H ), vertex in dorsal view wide ( Fig. 36D ), in lateral view, metasoma laterally compressed ( Figs 35M , 36J ), T3 longer than T2 ( Figs 35K , 36H ), inner margin of eyes diverging slightly at antennal sockets ( Figs 35B , 36B ), petiole on T1 evenly narrowing distally (wide base to a narrow apex) and finely sculptured ( Figs 35J , 36G ), and propodeum without a median longitudinal dent ( Figs 35H, I , 36F ).

Coloration

( Fig. 35A, B, I, K ). General body coloration brown-black except scape, pedicel, clypeus, mandibles, apex of propleuron, and dorsal furrow of pronotum yellow-brown; last five distal antennal flagellomeres yellow-brown, remaining flagellomeres brown on both sides; labrum, glossa, maxillary and labial palps yellow. Eyes and ocelli silver. Fore and middle legs yellow, except fore claw brown; hind legs yellow except dark brown coxae with apex yellow, apex of femora, both ends of tibiae, and tarsomeres brown. Petiole on T1 brown-black and sublateral areas yellow; T2 with median and wide adjacent areas brown-black, and lateral ends yellow; T3 with a medial brown area that coincides with the width of dark median and adjacent areas on T2, and lateral ends yellow; T4 and beyond brown; distally each tergum with a yellowish transparent band. In lateral view, T1-2 completely yellow; T3 and beyond yellow, but dorsally brown, extent of brown area increasing from proximal to distal, thus distal terga completely brown. S1-3 completely yellow; S4-5 yellow, medially brown; hypopygium completely brown.

Description.

Head ( Fig. 35 A–D, G ). Head rounded with pubescence long and dense. Proximal three antennal flagellomeres longer than wide (0.24:0.08, 0.22:0.08, 0.23:0.08), distal antennal flagellomere subequal in length with penultimate (0.10:0.06, 0.09:0.06), antenna shorter than body (2.63, 2.93); antennal scrobes-frons shallow. Face flat or nearly so, with scattered finely punctate, and interspaces smooth and longitudinal median carina absent. Frons smooth. Temple wide, punctate and interspaces wavy. Inner margin of eyes diverging slightly at antennal sockets; in lateral view, eye anteriorly convex and posteriorly straight. POL shorter than OOL (0.11, 0.15). Malar suture present. Median area between lateral ocelli without depression. Vertex laterally rounded and dorsally wide.

Mesosoma ( Fig. 35A, H, I, L ). Mesosoma dorsoventrally convex. Mesoscutum proximally convex and distally flat, with punctation distinct throughout and interspaces wavy/lacunose. Scutellum shape triangular, apex sloped and fused with BS, scutellar punctation distinct peripherally and absent centrally, scutellum in profile flat and on same plane as mesoscutum, phragma of the scutellum partially exposed; BS only very partially overlapping the MPM; ATS demilune with short stubs delineating the area; dorsal ATS groove with semicircular/parallel carinae. Transscutal articulation with small and heterogeneous foveae; area just behind transscutal articulation smooth, shiny, and depressed centrally. Metanotum with BM wider than PFM (clearly differentiated); MPM circular without median longitudinal carina; AFM with a small lobe and not as well delineated as PFM; PFM thick and smooth; ATM proximally with semircular/undulate carina and distally smooth. Propodeum without median longitudinal carina, finely sculptured, proximal half curved; distal edge of propodeum with a flange at each side and without stubs; propodeal spiracle without distal carina; nucha surrounded by very short radiating carinae. Pronotum with a distinct dorsal furrow, dorsally with a well-defined smooth band; central area of pronotum and dorsal furrow smooth, but ventral furrow with short parallel carinae. Propleuron finely sculptured only ventrally and dorsally without a carina. Metasternum flat or nearly so. Contour of mesopleuron convex; precoxal groove smooth, shiny and shallow, but visible; epicnemial ridge elongated more fusiform (tapering at both ends).

Legs ( Fig. 35A, E ). Ventral margin of fore telotarsus entire, but with a tiny curved seta, fore telotarsus proximally narrow and distally wide, and longer than fourth tarsomere (0.14, 0.06). Hind coxa with dorsal half sparsely punctate, ventral half densely punctate, and dorsal outer depression absent. Inner spur of hind tibia longer than outer spur (0.25, 0.19); entire surface of hind tibia with dense strong spines clearly differentiated by color and length. Hind telotarsus longer than fourth tarsomere (0.15, 0.12).

Wings ( Fig. 35N, O ). Fore wing with r vein straight; 2RS vein straight; r and 2RS veins forming an angle at their junction and outer side of junction forming a slight stub; 2M vein slightly curved/swollen; distally fore wing [where spectral veins are] with microtrichiae more densely concentrated than the rest of the wing; anal cell 1/3 proximally lacking microtrichiae; subbasal cell with microtrichiae virtually throughout; veins 2CUa and 2CUb completely spectral; vein 2 cu-a present as spectral vein, sometimes difficult to see; vein 2-1A proximally tubular and distally spectral, although sometimes difficult to see; tubular vein 1 cu-a straight, incomplete/broken and not reaching the edge of 1-1A vein. Hind wing with annal lobe very narrow, subdistally and subproximally evenly convex, and setae evenly scattered in the margin.

Metasoma ( Fig. 35A, F, J, K, M ). Metasoma laterally compressed. Petiole on T1 finely sculptured only laterally, evenly narrowing distally (length 0.43, maximum width 0.25, minimum width 0.11), petiole with scattered pubescence on distal half and only laterally. Lateral grooves delimiting the median area on T2 clearly defined and reaching the distal edge of T2 (length median area 0.18, length T2 0.18), edges of median area obscured by weak longitudinal stripes, median area broader than long (length 0.18, maximum width 0.25, minimum width 0.11); T2 with scarce pubescence throughout. T3 longer than T2 (0.24, 0.18) and with scattered pubescence throughout. Pubescence on hypopygium dense.

Cocoons. White bud-like cocoons with body ridge-shaped and silk fibers evenly smooth. Cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate or in litter or soil.

Male

( Fig. 36 A–L ). The body coloration is lighter in males than in females.

Etymology.

Robert (Bob) A. Wharton is an American entomologist whose research is focused upon the evolution of behavior and life histories in parasitoids, especially Opiinae and Alysiinae ( Braconidae ). He is an emeritus professor at the Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.

Distribution.

Parasitized caterpillars were collected in Costa Rica, ACG, Sector Pitilla (Sendero Mismo), Sector Rincón Rain Forest (Sendero Rincón), and Sector San Cristóbal (Sendero Perdido), during February 2003, October 2004, and February 2005 at 430 m, 620 m, and 680 m in rain forests.

Biology.

The lifestyle of this parasitoid species is solitary/gregarious.

Host.

Ochrodota marina Schaus ( Erebidae : Arctiinae) feeding on Ocotea leucoxylon ( Lauraceae ); Symphlebia tessellata (Schaus) ( Erebidae : Arctiinae) feeding on Pouteria viridis ( Sapotaceae ); Periga cluacina Druce ( Saturniidae : Hemileucinae) feeding on Carapa guianensis ( Meliaceae ). Caterpillars were collected in second and third instar.

Figures

Figure 35. Glyptapanteles bobwhartoni sp. nov. female 04 - SRNP- 55912 DHJPAR 0002903, 04 - SRNP- 55913 DHJPAR 0004232 A Habitus B, D Head B Frontal view C Laterofrontal view D Dorsolateral view E Hind coxa, lateral view F Genitalia: hypopygium, ovipositor sheaths, lateral view G Flagellomeres H Mesosoma, dorsolateral view I Scutellum, metanotum, propodeum, dorsal view J T 1 - 2, dorsal view K, M Metasoma K Dorsal view M Lateral view L Mesosoma, lateral view N, O Wings N Fore O Hind.

Figure 36. Glyptapanteles bobwhartoni sp. nov. male 04 - SRNP- 55912 DHJPAR 0002903 A Habitus B, D Head B Frontal view C Lateral view D Dorsal view E Mesonotum, dorsal view F Scutellum, metanotum, propodeum, dorsal view G T 1 - 2, dorsal view H, J Metasoma H Dorsal view J Lateral view I Mesosoma, lateral view K, L Wings K Fore L Hind.