Synagrops argyreus ( Gilbert & Cramer, 1897 )
|
publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.26028/cybium/2015-392-001 |
|
persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A574F831-7B6C-FFC1-FF6D-FD54FB3E75FA |
|
treatment provided by |
Felipe |
|
scientific name |
Synagrops argyreus ( Gilbert & Cramer, 1897 ) |
| status |
|
Synagrops argyreus ( Gilbert & Cramer, 1897) View in CoL
Figs 1, 2A, 3A, 4, 5D-F
syn. Melanostoma argyreum : Gilbert & Cramer, 1897: 416, pl. XXXIX, fig. 3 (original description; 21̊12 N, 157̊49’W).
syn. Synagrops argyreus : Schultz, 1940: 419 (key, synonymy); Carpenter, 1999: 2437 (check-list); Mundy, 2005: 337 (synonymy, distribution); Randall, 2007: 184 (Hawaii).
syn. Synagrops adeni (non Kotthaus, 1970): Rivaton and Bourret, 1999: based on otoliths, pl. 149, figs 5-12 ( New Caledonia).
syn. Synagrops cf. pellucidus (non Alcock, 1889): Prokofiev, 2005: 717, figs a-f (SW Coral and Tasman seas).
Material examined
12 specimens: BPBM 23852 About BPBM , 2 About BPBM spms SL 120-122 mm, Hawaii, off Molokai , 21°11’N, 157°25’W, 168-194 m, R / V Townsend Cromwell cruise 35, station 36, 8 Apr. 1968 GoogleMaps ; 4 spms BPBM 23839, SL 97-199 mm, Hawaii, off Molokai,
F i g u r e 1. - S y n a g ro p s a rg y re u s.
A: Hawaiian Is., SL 97 mm, BPBM
23852; B: Tasman Sea, SL 137 mm,
ZMMGU 15338.
21°10’N, 157°25’W, 172 m, R / V Townsend Cromwell cruise 35, station 33, 7 Apr. 1968; ZMUC P44272 View Materials , 1 View Materials spm SL 122 mm, Indian Ocean , Madagascar Channel , 22°19’S, 43°06’E, 330-335 m, R / V Vityaz-II cruise 17, station 2644, 2. Dec. 1988; ZMMGU-P 13269 , 4 spms SL 122-183 mm , 19°58’S, 151°32’E, R / V Lira cruise, 15 Jun. 1965; ZMMGU-P 15338 , 1 spm SL 141 mm , 35°41’S, 173°05’E, 11 Sep. 1968.
Diagnosis
A species of Synagrops sensu lato lacking basioccipital fossa, otophysic connection and posterior openings of myodome, with two spined and 7 branched anal-fin rays, only pelvic-fin spine serrated along its outer edge, postero-ventral angle of maxillary plate extending backward and downward ( Fig. 2A View Figure 2 ), teeth on vomer and palatines mostly granular, 2-3 longitudinal crests on preopercular lobe ( Fig. 3A View Figure 3 ), pseudobranch very large, with 28-38 elements, total gill-rakers 12-15 on outer row of first arch, pectoral fin moderately long, 22.5-24.6% SL.
Description
Counts and measurements are given in table I View Table I . Body moderately elongate, compressed, covered with rather large, deciduous cycloid scales. Head moderately large; interorbital space convex; cheeks and opercular bones scaly. Mouth large, oblique; lower jaw slightly projecting. Maxillary reaching below mid-orbit to slightly behind of it. A single long and thin supramaxillary. Posterior edge of maxillary deeply concave with posterodorsal and posteroventral angles sharp and posteroventral angle extended backward and downward resulting in an obliquely truncated posterior rim of the maxillary. Premaxillary with a pair of canines near symphysis and an additional much smaller canine-like tooth inward from the main canine tooth on each side (rarely absent), followed posteriorly by a wide band of minute chagrin-like teeth. Dentary with a pair of canines and a band of minute conical teeth near symphysis, followed posteriorly by a row of several small conical teeth and two to four enlarged canine-like teeth on each side. Vomer with a V-shaped patch of granular teeth, followed posteriorly by 1-4 (usually 2 or 3) enlarged conical teeth on each side. Palatines with 1-3 rows of granular teeth, teeth of the innermost row sometimes somewhat enlarged. Preopercle with outer edges of ventral branch and preopercular lobe finely serrated; preopercular lobe with 2-3 weak longitudinal crests; inner edge of preopercle with 2-6 denticles (their counts are usually different on the right and left sides in one fish). Sub- and interopercle with smooth outer edge. Opercle with 2 weak and short, flat spines. Pseudobranch very large and wide with 28 to 38 elements.
S. philippinensis BMNH 1879.5. 14.167 (syntypes, n = 4) Philippines: Sulu Sea I +14 - 15 I + 5 2 - 3 + 13 - 15 = 15 -17 18 - 23 2 - 4 about 22 S. pellucidus BMNH ZMH 8717 1890.7.31.13 - 15 (n = 1) (n = 3) Laccadive Bay of Bengal Sea I + 14 - 16 I + 16 I + 5 I + 5 3 - 4 + 4 + 16 = 20 15 -17 = 18 -21 18 - 23 22 3 - 4 4 24? - 27 – S. adeni BMNH 1939.5.24.880 - 891 (n = 5) Gulf of Aden I + 14 - 16 I + 5 3 - 4 + 20 -21 = 23- 24 16 - 18 2 -4 – 5057 (paratypes, n = 4) Gulf of Aden and off southern Somalia I + 14 - 16 I + 5 4 -5 + 17 - 18 = 22 - 24 15- 20 3 - 6 – ZMH 5055 (holotype) Gulf of Aden I+ 14 I + 5 5 + 18 = 23 16 3 / 4 27 / 29 S. argyreus ZMUC P 44272 (n = 1) Madagascar Chanel I + 13 - 14 I + 5 2 + 12 = 14 30- 32 5 / 6 – ZMMGU 13269 & 15338 (n = 5) S. Coral and Tasman Seas I + 14 - 15 I + 5 2 + 10 - 11 = 12 - 13 32 - 38 3- 5 about 28- 30 BPBM 23852 & 23839 (n = 6) Hawaii I + 14 -15 I + 5 1 -3 + 11 - 13 = 13 - 15 28- 33 2 - 4 about 30 Character Pectoral fin rays Pelvic fin rays Developed gill rakers: upper + lower = total Pseudobranchial filaments Number of denticles of preopercular ridge Scales (pockets) in lateral line
Dorsal fins completely divided and widely spaced (inter- dorsal distance roughly equal to the eye diameter or slightly smaller); fourth dorsal-fin spine longest. Three predorsals, predorsal formula /0+0/0+2/. Anal fin originates behind the level of the second dorsal-fin origin. Proximal-middle radial of first anal-fin pterygiophore is narrow and almost straight, wedge-shaped, lacking a groove at anterior edge. Pectoral fin reaching far before a level of the second dorsal-fin origin. Pelvic fins inserted below the level of the pectoral-fin base or just anterior to it. Pelvic-fin spine serrated along its outer edge; all other fin spines smooth. Caudal fin forked. Anus situated near origin of anal fin. Vertebrae 10 + 25.
& 5056 ZMH
Otoliths ( Fig. 5 View Figures 5 D-F) slender, elongate, thin, up to about 10 mm length. Otolith length to otolith height = 1.85-2.0; otolith height to otolith thickness about 4.5. Outline with well-developed rostrum and symmetrical angular posterior tip. Dorsal rim with broad, obtuse mediodorsal angle and distinct postdorsal angle close to posterior rim; no or only weak excisura and antirostrum. Ventral rim deepest slightly in front of its middle, below collum of sulcus. Dorsal and posterior rims crenulated to various degrees; ventral rim mostly smooth. Inner face slightly convex with slightly supramedian positioned sulcus. Sulcus rather shallow, with narrow, long cauda and wide, shallow ostium. Cauda length to ostium length = 1.05-1.15; ostium width to cauda width = 2.1-2.4. Ostium opening anterior-dorsally along otolith rim between rostrum and antirostrum, filled with well-defined colliculum. Cauda tapering, slightly bent at its tip, terminating close to posterior tip of otolith, with poorly defined colliculum. Dorsal depression wide; ventral furrow distinct, close to ventral rim of otolith anteriorly and bending away from it backwards towards tip of cauda. Outer face slightly concave, with fine radial furrows.
Table I. - Selected measurements and counts of the members of the pellucidus-group of the genus Synagrops sensu lato.
| S. argyreus | S. adeni | S. pellucidus | S. philippinensis | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BPBM 23852 & 23839 (n = 6) | ZMMGU 13269 & 15338 (n = 5) | ZMUC P44272 (n = 1) | ZMH 5055 (holotype) | ZMH 5056 & 5057 (paratypes, n = 4) | BMNH 1939.5.24.880- 891 (n = 5) | BMNH 1890.7.31.13-15 (n = 3) | ZMH 8717 (n = 1) | BMNH 1879.5.14.167 (syntypes, n = 4) | |
| Character | Hawaii | S. Coral and Tasman Seas | Madagascar Chanel | Gulf of Aden | Gulf of Aden and off southern Somalia | Gulf of Aden | Bay of Bengal | Laccadive Sea | Philippines: Sulu Sea |
| SL, mm | 97-122 | 122-183 | 122 | 53 | 55-67 | 64-65 | 65-85 | 65 | 63-74 |
| Head length (in % of SL) | 34.3-36.1% | 32.6-34.4% | 36.2% | 40.3% | 37.0-41.5% | 38.9-44.7% | 38.5-40.4% | 41.4% | 33.7-37.1% |
| Greatest body depth (in % of SL) | 23.6-26.2% | 23.9-27.5% | 24.4% | 24.9% | 26.4-30.5% | 24.5-26.8% | 26.1-27.5% | 27.7% | 26.7-30.9% |
| Least caudal peduncle depth (in % of SL) | 9.3-10.3% | 10.2-10.8% | 10.0% | 9.4% | 9.5-10.5% | 9.4-10.6% | 8.7-9.1% | 10.0% | 10.3-12.6% |
| Distance from snout to 1 st dorsal-fin origin (in % of SL) | 36.3-39.2% | 36.5-40.3% | 36.7% | 37.7% | 37.4-39.5% | 38.3-41.6% | 39.6-41.0% | 39.5% | 38.8-42.3% |
| Distance from snout to 2 nd dorsal-fin origin (in % ofSL) | 63.5-67.2% | 58.8-65.3% | 63.7% | 62.8% | 64.8-66.7% | 61.1-65.8% | 63.0-65.6% | 64.6% | 64.5-67.4% |
| Distance from snout to pelvic-fin origin (in % of SL) | 34.0-36.0% | 32.3-37.0% | 37.0% | 35.8% | 35.7-44.5% | 35.5-41.4% | 36.6-43.9% | 38.5% | 41.3-43.0% |
| Distance from snout to anal-fin origin (in % of SL) | 65.7-68.5% | 63.0-69.8% | 65.6% | 64.3% | 64.3-69.3% | 60.9-66.6% | 64.0-70.1% | 59.5% | 67.3-72.1% |
| Pectoral fin length (in % of SL) | 22.6-24.6% | 22.5-24.3% | 23.2% | 30.6% | 28.0-29.5% | 26.9-29.5% | 27.0-27.4% | 29.7% | 21.6-23.7% |
| Caudal fin length (in % of SL) | 20.8-25.0% | – | 21.2% | – | 19.8-22.5% | – | 13.5-16.6% | 21.1% | – |
| Snout length (in % of SL) | 8.3-8.9% | 8.6-11.2% | 8.6% | 8.3% | 8.0-10.7% | 10.0-11.1% | 8.3-9.3% | 8.6% | 10.0-10.7% |
| Horizontal orbital diameter (in % of SL) | 10.2-10.7% | 9.3-10.8% | 10.1% | 10.9% | 10.6-12.2% | 11.4-12.2% | 10.4-11.3% | 10.8% | 10.8-12.0% |
| Bony interorbital width (in % of SL) | 8.7-9.0% | 7.4-8.8% | 9.0% | 9.4% | 8.5-9.7% | 9.2-10.6 | 8.2-9.0% | 9.4% | 9.2-9.7% |
| First dorsal fin rays | IX | IX | IX | IX | IX | IX | IX | IX | VIII-IX |
| Second dorsal fin rays | I+9 | I+8 or 9 | I+9 | I+10 | I+9-10 | I+9 | I+9 | I+9 | I+8-9 |
| Anal fin rays | II+7 | II+6-7 | II+6 | II+7 | II+7 | II+7 | II+7 | II+7 | II+7 |
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.