Cyparium lescheni, von Groll & Lopes-Andrade, 2022

Groll, Elisa Von & Lopes-Andrade, Cristiano, 2022, Contributions to the taxonomy of Neotropical Cyparium Erichson (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scaphidiinae), with the description of five new species, European Journal of Taxonomy 835 (1), pp. 1-97 : 25-36

Cyparium lescheni sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8A653AB2-6DEF-4FA6-A885-438BDAF11D5F

Figs 4 , 14–21 , 46 ; Supp. file 1B, Supp. file 2A

Diagnosis

TL: 2.07–2.25 mm in males and 2.10–2.35 mm in females. Brown ( Fig. 14A ). Hypomeron, metaventrite and intercoxal plates with strigulate microsculpture. Metaventrite coarsely punctate above intercoxal plates ( Figs 14B , 17D ). Tergite VIII in males triangular ( Fig. 19D ). Openings of aedeagus in dorsal view forming an acute angle ( Fig. 20C ); internal sac with drop-like sclerites ( Fig. 20D–E ). Tergite VIII of females with a posterior invagination ( Fig. 21A ).

Etymology

In homage to Dr Richard A.B. Leschen ( New Zealand Arthropod Collection) for his great contributions to the systematics of Coleoptera , especially regarding Scaphidiinae .

Material examined

Holotype BRAZIL • ♂; Minas Gerais, Viçosa, EPTEA Mata do Paraíso ; 19 Nov. 2019; LabCol leg.; “Fungo 30 \\ em Agaricus sylvaticus \\ Cyparium lescheni von Groll & Lopes-Andrade HOLOTYPUS ” [red paper]; CELC. (Supp. file 1 B)

Paratypes BRAZIL • 1 ♂, 4 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype, “ T. dos Gigantes”; 15 Feb. 2015; S. Aloquio, A. Orsetti and M. Bento leg.; CELC • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype, “ T. da Madeira”; 27 Feb. 2015; I.S.C. Pecci-Maddalena et al. leg.; CELC • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; 13 Mar. 2015; S. Aloquio, A. Orsetti, C. Lopes-Andrade and M. Bento leg.; CELC • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; 9 Nov. 2016; I. Pecci-Maddalena and C. Lopes-Andrade leg.; “\\ ex Psathyrella candolleana ”; CELC • 5 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀ (2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, entirely dissected, preserved in glycerin; 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, abdomen dissected, preserved in glycerin); same collection data as for holotype; CELC • 1 ♂; 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; CAMB • 1 ♂; 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; CERPE • 2 ♂♂; 1 ♀, 1 spec.; same collection data as for holotype; 21 Nov. 2019; LabCol leg.; “Fungo 06 \\ Em Agaricus dulcidulus e Leucocoprinus brebissoni ”; CELC • 2 ♀♀; Viçosa, Recanto das Cigarras, Mata da Biol. ; 20 Nov. 2019; LabCol leg.; “Fungo 29 \\ Em Entoloma (Inocephalus) sp.”; CELC • 8 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀ (1 ♂, entirely dissected, preserved in glycerin; 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, abdomen dissected, preserved in glycerin); same collection data as for preceding; “Fungo 08; CELC \\ Em Psathyrella sp. ”; CELC • 6 ♂♂, 11 ♀♀, 1 spec.; Viçosa , Mata da Biologia; 15 Oct. 2021; E. von Groll and A. Orsetti leg.; “Fungo 20 \\ Em Agaricus sp. ”; CELC .

All paratypes additionally labelled “ Cyparium lescheni von Groll & Lopes-Andrade PARATYPUS [yellow paper]”.

Description

MEASUREMENTS (holotype, in mm). TL 2.32, PL 0.76, PA 0.70, PB 1.40, EW 0.86, EL 1.62, IS 0.20, HW 0.62.

COLORATION. Iridescent. Brown; antennomeres I–VI, clypeus, mouthparts, tarsi yellow ( Figs 14A , 15A ). Variation: few paratypes with pronotum and hypomeron reddish brown ( Fig. 14D–F ); scutellum reddish brown or black ( Fig. 14D ); meso- and metathorax reddish brown, each sclerite lighter laterally ( Fig. 14E ); elytra blackish ( Fig. 14D ); epipleuron dark ochre; coxae and trochanters dark ochre; femora dark ochre, apex lighter; tibiae dark ochre, lighter anteriorly and posteriorly; tarsi yellow ( Fig. 14E ); tergite VI and VII blackish; tergite VIII yellow; ventrite 1 dark ochre, 2–4 dark yellow, 5 and 6 yellow ( Fig. 14E ).

HEAD. Punctation dense, fine ( Fig. 15A ). Eyes long ( Fig. 15A ). Labrum sub-rectangular, lateral margins smoothly rounded, not well delimited apically; central margin sub-straight; sclerotized portion inwardly curved; lateral setae considerably extending from the margins of the labrum; densely porose centrally ( Fig. 15D ). Mandibles strongly curved; subapical serrations on left mandible conspicuous ( Fig. 15E–F ). Maxillary palps, galea and lacinia moderate pubescent, elongated ( Fig. 15G ). Mentum straight apically and rounded laterally; sides well delimited ( Fig. 16A ). Setae of labial palpomere II extending palpomere III; palpomere III longish with long apical setae ( Fig. 16A ). Hypopharynx with narrow and rounded sclerotized-plate ( Fig. 16A–B ). Post gena microsculptured with transversal lines; gular pores sparse; gula long and sharp ( Fig. 16C ). Antennal club very distinct; antennomere XI longish, hexagonal, more or less rounded apically; remarkably different between sexes ( Fig. 15B–C ).

PROTHORAX. Pronotum smooth, shining; punctuation dense, fine; pubescence short, fine ( Fig. 16D–E ); transverse, sub-straight laterally, forming an obtuse angle at lateral areas of posterior margin ( Fig. 16E ). Hypomeron with strigulate microsculpture. Notosternal suture straight, inward directed ( Fig. 16F ). Profurca somewhat thick and elongated, slightly extending half length of foramen ( Fig. 16G ). Prosternal process acuminated ( Fig. 17A ).

MESOTHORAX. Mesonotum with prescutellar suture (= scutellar lines, Leschen & Löbl 2005) strongly wavy ( Fig. 17B ). Anterior phragma large and straight ( Fig. 17C ). Mesanepisternum with strigulate microsculpture. Procoxal rests triangular; slightly curved posteriorly ( Fig. 17D ). Mesoventral lines wavy and obtuse; median lines moderately wavy; area between median and mesoventral lines thin ( Fig. 17D ). Mesoventral process long, slightly curved at top and base, forming a not well marked ridge ( Fig. 17E ). METATHORAX. Metanotum with alacrista somewhat enlarged anteriorly and turned to anterior portion; scutoscutellar suture very strongly curved; median membranous area remarkably wide, and short ( Fig. 17F ). Metaventrite with strigulate microsculpture; punctuation sparse, fine; coarsely punctate above intercoxal plates ( Fig. 17D ). Mesocoxal line forming a smooth angle between coxal cavities ( Fig. 17D ). Metanepisternum and metepimeron with imbricate microsculpture. Intercoxal plates with strigulate microsculpture. Metendosternite with curved furcal arms; ‘stalk ridge’ exceeding half length of stalk ( Fig. 18A ); ventral longitudinal flange long and narrow in lateral view ( Fig. 18B ).

WINGS. Elytra slightly wider than long, partially covering tergite VI ( Fig 14A ); basal and lateral lines punctate ( Fig. 16D ); sutural lines dashed; adsutural area with a row of setae; six rows of coarse punctures (not including sutural line) ( Figs 14A, D , 18C ); apical coarse punctation sparse; apical fine punctation dense ( Fig. 18D ); apical serrations almost inconspicuous ( Fig. 18D ); pubescence short and fine. Epipleuron with a line of coarse punctures. Hind wings fully developed ( Fig. 18E ).

LEGS. Pro-, meso- and metacoxae, and femora with strigulate microsculpture. Femora strongly fusiform ( Fig. 18F–H ). Profemora with inconspicuous punctuation; mesofemora with sparse and coarse punctuation; metafemora with fine and shallow punctuation. Mesotibiae densely spinose, spines fine; metatibiae sparsely spinose, spines fine.

ABDOMEN. Tergite VI and VII with imbricate microsculpture ( Fig. 19A ).Tergite VII trapezoidal ( Fig. 19A ), triangular in some paratypes with tergite VIII not exposed; punctation sparse, fine; pubescence sparse, fine. Ventrites 1–5 sparsely and finely punctate; pubescence sparse, fine; with strigulate microsculpture ( Fig. 19B–C ). Metacoxal lines finely punctate.

Males

MEASUREMENTS (n = 1, paratype; in mm). Antennomeres (length(width)): 0.14(0.05), 0.10(0.04), 0.08(0.03), 0.07(0.04), 0.06(0.04), 0.06(0.05), 0.09(0.08), 0.08(0.08), 0.09(0.10), 0.09(0.11), 0.14(0.10); (n = 8, including the holotype, unless otherwise specified; in mm): TL 2.07–2.32 (mean = 2.18, standard deviation ± 0.08), PL 0.74–0.80 (0.78 ± 0.02), PA 0.66–0.70 (0.69 ± 0.02), PB 1.30–1.40 (1.36 ± 0.04), SL (n = 7) 0.07–0.15 (0.11 ± 0.02), SW (n = 7) 0.09–0.14 (0.11 ± 0.02), EI 1.24–1.36 (1.30 ± 0.04), EL 1.44–1.62 (1.53 ± 0.08), EW 0.76–0.86 (0.81 ± 0.03), EH 0.50–0.62 (0.55 ± 0.04), HW 0.59–0.65 (0.62 ± 0.02), IS 0.15–0.20 (0.17 ± 0.02), WA 0.12–0.19 (0.14 ± 0.02), MC 0.55–0.64 (0.60 ± 0.03), MB 0.23–0.30 (0.27 ± 0.02), VL 0.40–0.49 (0.45 ± 0.03).

Antennae shorter than in females; club less distinct than in females ( Fig. 15B ). Pro- and mesotarsomeres I– III enlarged, with tenet setae ( Fig. 18F–G ). Tergite VIII heptagonal, acuminated posteriorly; punctuation inconspicuous; subglabrous ( Fig. 19D ). Tergite IX with rectangular ventral struts ( Fig. 19E–F ). Sternite VIII rectangular, with a projection ( Fig. 19G ). Sternite IX straight, constricted centrally and thicker apically ( Fig. 19F ). Aedeagus sclerotized, apex of median lobe short; openings in dorsal view forming an acute angle ( Fig. 20A–C ); internal sac with weak irregular sclerites, with drop-like sclerites ( Fig. 20D– E ); parameres short, enlarged apically in lateral view ( Fig. 20A ).

Females

MEASUREMENTS (n= 1, paratype; in mm).Antennomeres (length(width)):0.14(0.05), 0.11(0.05), 0.11(0.04), 0.06(0.04), 0.06(0.05), 0.05(0.06), 0.10(0.11), 0.09(0.13), 0.07(0.13), 0.08(0.14), 0.12(0.12); (n = 7, paratypes; in mm): TL 2.10–2.35 (mean = 2.26, standard deviation ± 0.09), PL 0.76–0.86 (0.81 ± 0.04), PA 0.66–0.74 (0.71 ± 0.02), PB 1.34–1.50 (1.43 ± 0.06), SL 0.09–0.13 (0.11 ± 0.01), SW 0.12–0.14 (0.13 ± 0.01), EI 1.30–1.40 (1.35 ± 0.04), EL 1.48–1.66 (1.58 ± 0.06), EW 0.76–0.84 (0.81 ± 0.03), EH 0.52–0.65 (0.60 ± 0.04), HW 0.61–0.66 (0.63 ± 0.02), IS 0.18–0.20 (0.18 ± 0.01), WA 0.13–0.15 (0.14 ± 0.00), MC 0.57–0.65 (0.62 ± 0.03), MB 0.25–0.32 (0.30 ± 0.02), VL 0.43–0.52 (0.50 ± 0.03).

Antennae larger than in males; antennal club more distinct ( Fig. 15C ). Tergite VIII hexagonal, with a posterior invagination; punctuation inconspicuous; subglabrous ( Fig. 21A ). Sternite VIII rectangular with a projection ( Fig. 21B ). Vagina membranous; bursa copulatrix with sclerites on wall ( Fig. 21C , Supp. file 2A). Vaginal plate with an apical sclerite, more or less developed ( Fig. 21C–D , Supp. file 2A). Two filiform spermatheca (Supp. file 2A). Distal gonocoxites straight, thin ( Fig. 21C–E ); gonostyli long, somewhat thick, and parallel ( Fig. 21C–E ).

Host fungi

Adults were collected from Psathyrella candolleana (Fr.) Maire ( Agaricales , Psathyrellaceae ) (1 record, 1 individual), Psathyrella sp. (1, 11), Agaricus sp. (1, 18; von Groll et al. 2021: figs 1–4), A. dulcidulus Schulzer (1, 4), A. sylvaticus Schaeff. (1, 20) and Entoloma (Inocephalus) sp. ( Agaricales , Entolomataceae ) (1, 2).

Remarks

Measurements similar to those of C. newtoni , except for the comparatively longer antennae. It was found co-occurring with C. newtoni in the same host fungi. However, they differ at first view by the coloration: C. lescheni sp. nov. is brown with few individuals of the same coloration as C. newtoni (pronotum reddish brown and elytra black); a few individuals of C. newtoni are brown, but darker than C. lescheni . They also differ by the microsculpture of the metaventrite: present in C. lescheni and absent in C. newtoni . Tergite VIII in males is triangular in C. lescheni and straight apically in C. newtoni . Parameres in C. newtoni are longer and the sclerite of the internal sac is also different. Tergite VIII in females has an invagination in C. lescheni , while in C. newtoni it is entire.

Distribution

Known only from Mata da Biologia and Mata do Paraíso, campus of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, state of Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil ( Fig. 46 ).

Figures

Fig. 4. Cyparium Erichson, 1845. Neotropical species. Illustrations based on the original descriptions. *Illustrations made based on photographs, specimens, or illustrations made by other authors; **size not provided in original description. Model: Cyparium collare Pic, 1920. Scale bar = 2 mm.

Fig. 14. Cyparium lescheni sp. nov. A–C. Holotype, ♂ (CELC). D–F. Paratype, ♂ (CELC). A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C. Lateral view. D. Dorsal view. E. Ventral view. F. Lateral view. Specimens collected at Mata do Paraíso, Viçosa (MG, Brazil). Scale bars = 1.0 mm.

Fig. 15. Cyparium lescheni sp. nov. A. Holotype, ♂ (CELC), frontal view. B. Paratype, ♂ (CELC), antennae. C. Paratype, ♀ (CELC), antennae. D–G. Paratype, ♂ (CELC). D. Labrum. E. Left mandible. F. Right mandible. G. Maxilla. Specimens collected at Mata do Paraíso, Viçosa (MG, Brazil). Scale bars: A–C = 0.2 mm; D–G = 0.05 mm.

Fig. 16. Cyparium lescheni sp. nov. A–C. Paratype, ♂ (CELC). A. Labium. B. Hypopharynx. C. Head, ventral view. D–E. Pronotum, dorsal view. D. Holotype, ♂ (CELC). E. Paratype, ♂ (CELC). F–G. Paratype, ♂ (CELC), prothorax. F. Ventral view. G. Inner view. Specimens collected at Mata do Paraíso, Viçosa (MG, Brazil). Scale bars: A–B = 0.05 mm; C = 0.1 mm; D–G = 0.2 mm.

Fig. 17. Cyparium lescheni sp. nov., paratypes, ♂ (CELC). A. Prothorax, lateral view B–C. Scutellar plate. B. Dorsal view. C. Apically slanted view. D–E. Meso- and metathorax. D. Ventral view. E. Lateral view. F. Metanotum. Specimens collected at Mata do Paraíso, Viçosa (A–E) and Mata da Biologia (F), Viçosa (MG, Brazil). Scale bars: A, D–F = 0.2 mm; B–C = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 18. Cyparium lescheni sp. nov., paratype, ♂ (CELC). A–B. Metendosternite. A. Dorsal view. B. Lateral view. C–D. Elytron. C. Entire. D. Apex. E. Hind wing. F–H. Legs. F. Fore. G. Middle. H. Hind. Specimen collected at Mata do Paraíso, Viçosa (MG, Brazil). Scale bars: A–D, F–H = 0.2 mm; E = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 19. Cyparium lescheni sp. nov.A–C. Holotype, ♂ (CELC). D–G. Paratype ♂ (CELC). A. Abdomen, dorsal view. B. Abdomen, ventral view. C. Ventrite 1. D. Tergite VIII. E. Terminalia. F. Tergite IX. G. Sternite VIII. Specimens collected at Mata do Paraíso, Viçosa (A–C) and Mata da Biologia (D–G), Viçosa (MG, Brazil). Scale bars: A–B = 0.2 mm; C–G = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 20. Cyparium lescheni sp. nov., paratype, ♂ (CELC). A–C. Aedeagi. A. Lateral view. B. Frontal view. C. Dorsal view. D–E. Internal sac. D. Frontal view. E. Dorsal view. Specimen collected at Mata da Biologia, Viçosa (MG, Brazil). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 21. Cyparium lescheni sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (CELC). A. Tergite VIII.B. Sternite VIII.C. Terminalia. D. Sclerite of vaginal plate. E. Ovipositor. Specimen collected at Mata da Biologia, Viçosa (MG, Brazil). Scale bars: A–B, E = 0.1 mm; C = 0.2 mm; D = 0.05 mm.

Fig. 46. A. Distribution map of species of Cyparium Erichson, 1845, South America. B. Mata da Biologia. C. Mata do Paraíso.