Ventrifurca phallaina, Villarreal & Ahumada-C. & Delgado-Santa, 2023

Villarreal, Osvaldo, Ahumada-C., Daniela & Delgado-Santa, Leonardo, 2023, Mapping the distribution of armored harvestmen (Opiliones, Laniatores) in Colombia: updated list of species, taxonomic contributions, and insight of diversity in protected areas, ZooKeys 1175, pp. 223-284 : 223

publication ID	https://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1175.102485
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A5C1D3DF-FF87-404A-9EA0-4608CF89EFA7
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8101A255-1326-46E3-91C7-5D564C59FFC1
taxon LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:act:8101A255-1326-46E3-91C7-5D564C59FFC1
treatment provided by	ZooKeys by Pensoft
scientific name	Ventrifurca phallaina
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Ventrifurca phallaina sp. nov.

Figs 5 View Figure 5 , 6 View Figure 6 , 7 View Figure 7 , 8 View Figure 8 , 9 View Figure 9

Material examined.

• Holotype: ♂ (CIUQ-020631), Colombia - Valle del Cauca, Buenaventura , (3.8375, -77.2436); 56 m; 12 Nov. 2022; (A. L. García, L. Delgado-Santa leg.) GoogleMaps . • Paratypes: • 1 ♀ (CIUQ-020632), same data as the holotype GoogleMaps • 1 ♂ (MIZA 0105869) same data as the holotype GoogleMaps • 1 ♂ (MNRJ 1596) same data as the holotype GoogleMaps . Other material examined. • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (CIUQ-020634) same data as the holotype GoogleMaps .

Diagnosis.

Ventrifurca phallaina sp. nov. can be distinguished from V. abnormis by the scarce ornamentation of the mesotergal areas I to III; also, can be distinguished from all other species of the genus by the ornamentation pattern of the yellow tubercles on dorsal scutum, restricted to the lateral of carapace and posterolateral portion of DS (Figs 5A, B View Figure 5 , 6A, B View Figure 6 , 9A, B View Figure 9 ); the presence of a yellow spot on the anterolateral portion of the carapace; the shape and size of posteroventral projections on the stigmatic area, simple and short (Figs 5C View Figure 5 , 6C View Figure 6 ), instead of bifid and globular ( V. albipustulata ) or large and digitiform or curve ( V. caffeinica and V. abnormis ); and the absence of yellow tubercles on the mesotergal area III, behind the paired spines (present in V. albipustulata and V. caffeinica ). The genital morphology is very similar to V. albipustulata , with slight differences in relation to the shape of the concavity of the truncus (Fig. 8 View Figure 8 ).

Description.

Measurements of body and appendages. Holotype: (CIUQ-020631 ♂). DSL = 8.3, CL = 3.1, AL:5.2, CW = 3.2, AW = 5.3, IOD = 0.9; BaCh = 0.8, FePp = 2.1, PaPp = 1.1, TiPp = 1.5, TaPp = 1.3, ClPp = 0.9; FeL I = 3.8, FeL II = 9.8, FeL III = 7.6, FeL IV = 9.8, TiL I = 2.8, TiL II = 7.4, TiL III = 3.0, TiL IV = 5.4. Paratypes: • (MNRJ 1596, 1 ♂; MIZA 0105869 1 ♂): DSL = 7.8-8.4; CL = 3.4-3.2, AL = 3.9-5.3, CW = 4.0-4.3, AW = 6.5-6.7, IOD = 1.1-1.2; BaCh = 0.8-0.9; FePp = 2,3, PaPp = 1.3, TiPp = 1.7, TaPp = 1.2; ClPp = 1.3; FeL I = 4.6-4.8, FeL II = 10.6-10.8, FeL III = 7.4-8.1, FeL IV = 10.7-11.2, TiL I = 3.1-3.3, TiL II = 7.9-8.9, TiL III = 3.7-4.3, TiL IV = 5.9-6.0. • (CIUQ-020632, ♀): DSL = 6.0, CL = 2.7, AL = 2.9, CW = 3.0, AW = 5.2, IOD = 1.1; BaCh = 0.9; FePp = 2.2, PaPp = 1.2, TiPp = 1.6, TaPp = 1.1, ClPp = 1.1; FeL I = 2.6, FeL = II, 7.4, FeL III = 6.2; FeL IV = 8.1, TiL I = 1.5, TiL II = 5.2, TiL III = 3.5, TiL IV = 4.6.

Male holotype (CIUQ-020631). Dorsum (Figs 5A, B View Figure 5 , 6A, B View Figure 6 ). DS outline type Gamma pyriform. Mesotergum widest at groove III level; lateral margin of DS with yellow rounded tubercles from carapace to area I, following outline of scutum. Carapace with three or four tubercles on each side of the anterior border. Ocularium low, armed with a paramedian pair of acuminate forward inclined tubercles and some small tubercles near the eyes. Integumentary dome of ozopore raised and conspicuous. Mesotergum well delimited, divided into three well-marked areas: area I divided into two roughly ellipsoidal halves by longitudinal groove, with a paramedian pair of large tubercles and four small tubercles; II penetrating subtly into I, with a median transverse row of eight small tubercles; III with a pair of paramedian acuminate high subparallel spines, located near the posterior margin; vestigial groove between III and IV present, partially blurred and located just behind the spines. Posterior border of DS straight. Free tergites I-III with a pair of paramedian large granules, I to II with one to three smaller laterodistal granules on each side; III armed with a posterior row of 11 tubercles, the paramedian pair much stouter.

Venter (Figs 5B, C View Figure 5 , 6B, C View Figure 6 ). Coxa I with a row of tubercles of different size; coxa II longer than coxae I and III, with a cluster of distal tubercles of different size; coxa IV strongly backward. Stigmatic area with minute granules sparsely distributed, posterior border with posterodistal process very small. Stigmata large and oval.

Chelicerae (Figs 5D View Figure 5 , 6D View Figure 6 ). Segment I with well-defined bulla, with a row of four or five tubercles in ectal region. Segment II slightly swollen, with a row of large setiferous tubercles near to the base of the movable finger and a few mesal setiferous tubercles. Fixed finger with three medial teeth, decreasing in size. Movable finger with one large and wide medial tooth, accompanied by two flat, low teeth on each side.

Pedipalps (Figs 6E, F View Figure 6 , 7 View Figure 7 ). Trochanter with tubercles, in dorsal and ventral region. Femur cylindrical, slightly elongated, armed with a longitudinal row of four tubercles in dorsal side and three tubercles in ventral side. Patella short, cylindrical, and curved, with row of tubercles in dorsal view, one ectodistal and two parallel rows of tubercles in mesal view tubercles.

Legs (Figs 5A-C View Figure 5 , 6A, B, G, H View Figure 6 ). Coxae I and II with one anterior row of large tubercles; III with two rows and IV with two diagonal rows. Trochanter I with two prolateral, two retrolateral and four ventral tubercles; II with two prolateral, two retrolateral and five ventral tubercles; III with four prolateral, two retrolateral and four ventral tubercles; IV with one prolateral, one retrolateral and five ventral tubercles, more conspicuous than those from the other trochanters. Tubercles of trochanter IV more conspicuous than the others. Femora I to III straight, with longitudinal rows of granules; IV curved in its proximal portion, with seven longitudinal rows of tubercles, the retrolateral row with large proximal tubercles, and one large subdistal tubercle on the same row. Patellae I-IV with small tubercles. Tibiae and metatarsi I-V straight and granulate, unarmed. Claws III and IV smooth, with two minute proximal ventral protuberances. Ratio Fe IV/DSL = 1.35. Tarsal process present. Tarsal counts 7(3)-7(3), 14(3)-14(3), 7-7, 7-7.

Penis (Fig. 8 View Figure 8 ). Ventral plate (VP) with concave lateral margins, with subdistal constriction and the distal corners ear-shaped, apical wide u-shaped cleft. Glans + Stylus complex surpassing the VP, glans columnar, with folds at the base, stylus normally thickened, sub-straight; stylar caps foliar-shaped, short. MS-A1-A2 straight, located at the distal portion of the VP; MS-B absent; MS-C1-C3 curve, close to each other, and located in the distal part of the VP; MS-D1 larger than MS-C group, curve and located medially to MS-C, MS-D2 absent; MS-E1-E2 small, located on the flange of the VP. Truncus with ventral concavity next to the VP.

Coloration (in alcohol) (Fig. 5 View Figure 5 ). Carapace, border of the DS, scutal grooves and adjacencies, and free tergites reticulated Dark brown 59, on background Brownish orange 54 and Brilliant orange yellow 67. Scutal areas Brilliant yellow 83. Trochanters I-III same as the carapace; IV Blackish red 21 and Brownish black 65. Pedipalps and chelicerae strong yellow 84 reticulated. Stigmatic area Strong yellowish brown 74. Tip of cheliceral teeth Dark olive 108.

Female (CIUQ-020632) (Fig. 9 View Figure 9 ). Differing from male by carapace shorter than male, coda wider, femur IV thinner and with less conspicuous spination, free tergite spines larger, and stigmatic area without posterior process.

Distribution.

Known only from the type locality.

Etymology.

Phallaina is a Greek word that means whale. It is used in apposition as a reference to the humpbacked shape of the species in lateral view.