Thienemanniella nipponica ( Tokunaga, 1936 )

Fu, Yue, Fang, Xiangliang & Wang, Xinhua, 2013, Two Species of Thienemanniella Kieffer from Oriental China (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae), Zootaxa 3741 (3), pp. 391-399 : 394-398

Thienemanniella nipponica ( Tokunaga, 1936)

( Figs 2 A–D )

Corynoneura nipponica Tokunaga, 1936: 38 .

Thienemanniella nipponica ( Tokunaga, 1936) : Sasa & Suzuki 2000: 162; Yamamoto 2004: 103; Fu et al. 2010: 15.

Material examined. CHINA: 1 male, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, Conghua County, Sanyatang Town , 24.i.2011, H.Q.Tang ( HBMY Type no.0006) .

Diagnostic characters. The male imago is separated from all other members of the genus by the bare eyes, transverse sternapodeme long, with small oral projection, superior volsella undeveloped, anteriomedially fused, inferior volsella narrow with crooked edge, along the inner margin of gonocoxite and placed caudally on gonocoxite. Phallapodeme curved, joint with sternapodeme placed caudally.

Male (n=1). Total length 1.55 mm. Wing length 1.05 mm. Total length/wing length 1.48. Wing length/ profemur length 4.1. Wing width/wing length 0.38.

Coloration. Head brown; legs yellowish brown. Thorax and abdomen dark brown.

Head. Eyes bare. Tentorium 91 µm long, 14 µm wide; stipes 38 µm long, 5 µm wide. Lengths of palpomeres (in µm): 19; 19; 41; 58; 89. Palpomere 5/3 ratio: 2.2. Clypeus with 8 setae.

Thorax. Antepronotals absent. Dorsocentrals 5 uniserial. Scutellum with 2 setae.

Wing ( Fig. 2A ). VR 1.75. Cu/wing length 0.50; C 375 µm long; Cu 524 µm long. Brachiolum with 1 seta, wing width/wing length: 0.37; Costa with 10 setae.

Legs. Spurs of fore tibia 14 µm long; of mid tibia 19 µm long; of hind tibia 36 and 17 µm long. Width at apex of fore tibia 22 µm; of mid tibia 19 µm; of hind tibia (a) 28 µm. Width of hind tibia 1 / 3 from apex (d) 24 µm; elongation length (b) 12 µm; length of maximum thickening (c 1) 17 µm; total length of thickening (c 2) 50 µm; a/d 1.2; b/d 0.5; c 1 /d 0.71; c 2 /d 2.1. Hind tibia almost unexpanded, with comb of 9 setae, without S–shaped seta ( Fig. 2B ). Lengths and proportions of legs as in Table 2.

Hypopygium (Fig. C–D). Tergite IX and laterosternites IX without long setae. Superior volsella anteriomedially fused. Inferior volsella narrow placed medially of gonocoxite, with many short setae on the margin. Phallapodeme curved medially, 43 µm long. Transverse sternapodeme 41 µm. Megaseta 5 µm long. Gonocoxite 86 µm long, with 1 long seta, inner margin of gonocoxite with thin glandular setae. Gonostylus 31 µm long. HR 2.77; HV 4.97.

Remarks. The Chinese specimens are similar to Japanese specimens stated by Tokunaga (1936)

Distribution. Japan and China (Sichuan and Guangdong Province).

Key to sufficient known males of Thienemanniella (Modified from Fu, Saether & Wang 2010)

1. Eyes bare, antennal apex distinctly rounded................................................................. 2

– Eyes pubescent or hairy, antennal apex notched or slightly rounded.............................................. 7

2. Inferior volsella absent ( Edwards 1929, Fig. 7n)........................................... T. flavescens?Edwards

– Inferior volsella present................................................................................. 3

3 Antenna with 9–10 flagellomeres........................................................................ 4

– Antenna with 11–13 flagellomeres........................................................................ 5

4. Antenna with 9 flagellomeres, inferior volsella rounded ( Fu, Saether & Wang 2010, Fig. 15).. T. togamijika Sasa et Okazawa

– Antenna with 10 flagellomeres, inferior volsella hook–shaped ( Fu, Saether & Wang 2010, Fig. 12)......... T. okigrata Sasa

5. Inferior volsella developed, rectangular and projecting ( Schlee 1968, Fig. 39).......................... T. partita Schlee

– Inferior volsella not developed, nearly triangular and along the inner margin of gonocoxite........................... 6

6. Antenna with 12 or 13 flagellomeres, scutellum black in male ( Tokunaga, 1936, Fig 15);.......... T. nipponica (Tokunaga)

– Antenna with 11 or 12 flagellomeres, scutellum yellow in male ( Tokunaga, 1936, Fig 20);...... T. flaviscutella (Tokunaga)

7. Inferior volsella absent................................................................................. 8

– Inferior volsella present............................................................................... 10

8. Superior volsella hook-shaped; transverse sternapodeme without oral projection; phallapodeme straight and short ( Fu, Saether & Wang 2010, Fig. 8)....................................................... T. hainanensis Fu, Saether et Wang

– Superior volsella triangular, transverse sternapodeme with oral projections; phallapodeme more or less curved and relatively long....................................................................................... 9

9. Antenna with 11 flagellomeres, AR 0.72–0.90; third palpomere with digitiform lobe ( Hestenes & Saether 2000, Fig. 29,73)....................................................................................... T. similis (Malloch)

– Antenna with 12 flagellomeres, AR 0.25–0.28; third palpomere without digitiform lobe ( Fu, Saether & Wang 2010, Fig. 4)................................................................................ T. absens Fu, Saether et Wang

10. Inferior volsella narrow, digitiform to spatulate, sometimes with basal apodeme; or broad and low.................... 11

– Inferior volsella well developed, rectangular to triangular..................................................... 21

11. Superior volsella completely fused with the inner of gonocoxite ( Sublette & Sasa, 1994)........ T. medialis Sublette & Sasa

– Superior volsella present, well developed or partly fused with the inner of gonocoxite.............................. 12

12. Inferior volsella digitiform with an apodeme, bare, phallapodeme straight........................................ 13

– Inferior volsella not digitiform, most often carrying thin glandular setae, phallapodeme curved....................... 14

13. Superior volsella with a flat rim along the gonocoxite narrowly and completely fused ( Fu, Hestenes & Saether 2010, Fig 1 )...................................................................................... T. antennata Freeman

– Superior volsella mostly triangular and fused only anteriomedially ( Hestenes & Saether 2000, Fig. 40,74).......................................................................................... T. lobapodema Hestenes & Saether

14. Inferior volsella placed basally or medially on gonocoxite.................................................... 15

– Inferior volsella very low and placed caudally on gonocoxite.................................................. 18

15. AR 0.52–0.58, inferior volsella very broad and rounded ( Kikuchi & Sasa, 1994, Fig 4)...... T. akagiquarta Kikuchi & Sasa

– AR 0.20–0.30, inferior volsella digitiform or narrow......................................................... 16

16. Gonocoxite with large concavity for gonostylus, tergite IX with many long setae ( Fu, Hestenes & Saether 2010, Fig 2 )................................................................................. T cavata Fu, Hestenes & Saether

– Gonocoxite without such concavity for gonostylus, tergite IX without many long setae.............................. 17

17. Antenna with 8 flagellomeres; tergite IX with a small, flexible, triangular hump-like extension; apex of phallapodeme bent 90° caudally ( Fu, Hestenes & Saether 2010, Fig 3).................................................. T. fuga Lehmann

– Antenna with 10 flagellomeres; tergite IX without hump-like extension; apex of phallapodeme slightly curved ( Fu, Hestenes & Saether 2010, Fig 4)...................................................................... T. lineola Freeman

18. Gonostylus expanded; superior volsella more or less digitiform and projecting................................... 19

– Gonostylus not expanded; superior volsella narrow and not projecting........................................... 20

19. Antenna with 9 flagellomeres; the apex of superior volsella straight; gonostylus straight, expanded from middle to apex, with many apical setae ( Fu, Saether & Wang 2010, Fig 9)....................................... T. nagaramaculata Sasa

– Antenna with 10 flagellomeres; the apex of superior volsella obviously upcurved; gonostylus slightly curved, medially expanded, without apical setae................................................................ T. curva sp. n.

20. AR 0.26, tergite IX partly semitransparent, gonocoxite without a long dark apodeme ( Fu, Saether & Wang 2010, Fig 21)................................................................................... T. yakysetea Sasa et Suzuki – AR 0.40–0.66, tergite IX not partly semitransparent, gonocoxite with a long apodeme ( Fu, Saether & Wang 2010, Fig 19)................................................................................. T. tusimufegea Sasa et Suzuki

21. Superior volsella distinct from inferior volsella............................................................. 22

– Superior volsella partly overlapping or joined with inferior volsella............................................. 33

22. Inferior volsella bare, with apodeme; transverse sternapodeme narrow and very thin, without oral projection ( Fu, Hestenes & Saether 2010, Fig 6)................................................................. T. trivittata Goetghebuer

– Inferior volsella with thin glandular setae, without apodeme; transverse sternapodeme wide and thick, with oral projection. 23

23. Inferior volsella low and placed caudally on gonocoxite...................................................... 24

– Inferior volsella high and placed basally or medially on gonocoxite............................................. 28

24. Third palpomere with small apical projection; gonostylus with 2 megasetae ( Hestenes & Saether 2000, Fig 51,75).................................................................................... T. taurocapita Hestenes & Saether

– Third palpomere without small apical projection; gonostylus with 1 megaseta..................................... 25

25. Superior volsella large, triangular and close to inferior volsella, conspicuously projecting........................... 26

– Superior volsella small, triangular or narrow and at a distance from inferior volsella, not projecting.................... 27

26. Inferior volsella with rounded edge, posterior margin of superior volsella flat ( Lehmann 1979, Fig 145)..... T. safi Lehmann

– Inferior volsella caudally hooked or rounded corner, posterior margin of superior volsella oblique ( Wiedenbrug et al.2013)...................................................................................... T. spreta species group

27. Superior volsellae joined medially; inferior volsella largely typical triangular ( Fu, Saether & Wang 2010, Fig 14)...................................................................................... T. sichuana Fu, Saether et Wang

– Superior volsellae separate medially; inferior volsella caudally hooked ( Fu, Saether & Wang 2010, Fig 7)............................................................................................ T. ginzanquinta (Sasa et Suzuki)

28. Inferior volsella rectangular or digitiform.................................................................. 29

– Inferior volsella largely triangular........................................................................ 31

29. Antenna with 10 flagellomeres; superior volsella conspicuously projecting ( Hestenes & Saether 2000, Fig 20, 72)....................................................................................... T. boltoni Hestenes & Saether

– Antenna with 12–13 flagellomeres; superior volsella not projecting............................................. 30

30. Inferior volsella rectangular ( Wiedenbrug et al.2013, Fig 1 )............. T. biobio Wiedenbrug, Lamas et Trivinho-Strixino

– Inferior volsella digitiform ( Brundin 1949, Fig. 203)........................................ T. minuscula (Brundin)

31. Phallapodeme with projection for joint with sternapodeme placed pre-lateral ( Fu, Saether & Wang 2010, Fig 17)...................................................................................... T. triangula Fu, Saether et Wang

– Phallapodeme without projection, placed below sternapodeme................................................. 32

32. Antenna with 10 flagellomeres; superior volsella triangular and projecting ( Fu, Saether & Wang 2010, Fig 20)........................................................................................ T. wuyiensis Fu, Saether et Wang

– Antenna with 12 flagellomeres; superior volsella undeveloped and not projecting ( Wiedenbrug et al. 2013, Fig 2 )................................................................... T. manihuales Wiedenbrug, Lamas et Trivinho-Strixino

33. Antenna with 10 flagellomeres, apical part of superior volsella hooked.......................................... 34

– Antenna with 11–13 flagellomeres, apical part of superior volsella rounded or flat................................. 35

34. AR 0.30; superior volsella long triangular and projecting; tergite IX not partly semitransparent ( Fu, Saether & Wang 2010, Fig 5)............................................................................... T. chuzeduodecima Sasa

– AR 0.46; superior volsella narrow and not projecting; tergite IX partly semitransparent ( Fu, Saether & Wang 2010, Fig 18)................................................................................. T. tusimuefea Sasa et Suzuki

35. Inferior volsella triangular.............................................................................. 36

– Inferior volsella nearly rectangular....................................................................... 37

36. Antenna with 11 flagellomeres; AR 0.35, superior volsella projecting, triangular (Saether et Ferrington 2003)......................................................................................... T. caspersi Saether et Ferrington

– Antenna with 13 flagellomeres; AR 0.27, superior volsellae not projecting, undeveloped ( Fu, Saether & Wang 2010, Fig 11).......................................................................... T. ogasaquindecima Sasa et Suzuki

37. Third palpomere with small apical projection; phallapodeme expanded medially, superior volsella nearly rectangular ( Makarchenko & Makarchenko 2006, Fig 31).............................. T. tiunovae Makarchenko et Makarchenko

– Third palpomere without apical projection; phallapodeme not expanded medially, superior volsella nearly triangular or rounded............................................................................................ 38

38. Superior volsellae separated medially, triangular, apical part nearly right-angled ( Fu, Saether & Wang 2010, Fig 16).................................................................................... T. tonewquerea Sasa et Tanaka

– Superior volsellae joined medially, rounded or narrowed, apical part with rounded corner........................... 39

39. Antenna with 10 or 11 flagellomeres..................................................................... 40

– Antenna with 12 or 13 flagellomeres..................................................................... 41

40. AR 0.30–0.37; superior volsella small and not projecting; phallapodeme long and strongly curved; apex of gonostylus straight ( Kieffer 1911)...................................................................... T. clavicornis (Kieffer)

– AR 0.60–0.76; superior volsella large and projecting; phallapodeme short and slightly curved; apex of gonostylus slightly hooked ( Schlee 1968)................................................................... T. obscura Brundin

41. Superior volsella small and not projecting................................................................. 42

– Superior volsella large rounded and conspicuously projecting.................................................. 45

42. Anal vein of wing surpassing cubital fork; inferior volsella almost flat posteriorly.................................. 43

– Anal vein of wing not reaching cubital fork; inferior volsella slightly oblique posteriorly........................... 44

43. Antenna with 13 flagellomeres; AR more than 0.50 ( Kieffer 1912)............................. T. acuticornis (Kieffer)

– Antenna with 12 flagellomeres; AR 0.30 ( Fu, Saether & Wang 2010, Fig 10)........... T. ogasaquardecima Sasa et Suzuki

44. Ultimate flagellomere of antenna longer than combined length of preceding eight.... flagellomeres; AR about 0.85( Edwards 1924; Makarchenko & Makarchenko 2006, Fig 28)......................................... T. majuscula (Edwards)

– Ultimate flagellomere of antenna shorter than combined length of preceding eight flagellomeres; AR about 0.65 (Edward 1924)................................................................................. T. lutea (Edwards)

45. Body color very pale, AR more than 0.60 ( Sasa & Suzuki 2000, Fig 18)................... T. gotopallida Sasa et Suzuki

– Body color relatively dark, AR usually about 0.50........................................................... 46

46. Fore trochanter large, inferior volsella angle-like near apex ( Hestenes & Saether 2000, Fig 6, 71).......... T. xena (Roback)

– Fore trochanter small, inferior volsella rounded near apex ( Edwards 1924)......................... T. vittata (Edwards)

Note: T. spreta group (according to Wiedenbrug et al. 2013) including T. ginzanquerea Sasa & Suzuki , T.liae Paggi , T. spreta (Roback) , T. sanctivincenta Saether , T. oyabedilata Sasa, Kawai et Ueno ( Fu, Saether & Wang 2010, Fig 13), T.ubatuba Wiedenbrug et al. , T. sancticaroli Wiedenbrug et al..

Figures

FIGURE 1. A. Measurements of hind tibia in Thienemanniella. B–H. Thienemanniella curvare sp. n. Male imago. B. Wing. C. Antenna. D. Tentorium, stipes and cibarial pump. E. Hind tibial apex. F. Hypopygium, dorsal view. G. Hypopygium, ventral view.

FIGURE 2. A–D. Thienemanniella nipponica (Tokunaga, 1936) Male imago. A. Wing. B. Hind tibial apex. C. Hypopygium, dorsal view. D. Hypopygium, ventral view.