Scorzonera purpurea clade

Zaika, Maxim A., Kilian, Norbert, Jones, Katy, Krinitsina, Anastasiya A., Nilova, Maya V., Speranskaya, Anna S. & Sukhorukov, Alexander P., 2020, Scorzonera sensu lato (Asteraceae, Cichorieae) - taxonomic reassessment in the light of new molecular phylogenetic and carpological analyses, PhytoKeys 137, pp. 1-85 : 1

Scorzonera purpurea clade

Scorzonera sect. Purpurea Lipsch., Fragm. Monogr. Gen. Scorzonera 2: 104. 1939. Type (Art. 10.8, see Turland et al. 2018): Scorzonera purpurea L.

Diagnostic features.

Perennial herbs; caudex with blackish-brown fibrous leaf sheath residues; leaves entire; florets purple or pink; achene with carpopodium.

Description.

Habit, life form, subterranean parts: perennial herbs with caudex covered with fibrous leaf sheath residues and taproot.

Leaves: leaves linear or lanceolate, sessile, glabrous or basally pubescent, rosulate leaves often as long as stem; cauline leaves much shorter.

Stem, synflorescence: stems usually solitary or rarely several stems present, mostly not branched, glabrous or scarcely pubescent, capitula solitary.

Pollen: echinolophate, tricolporate and each colpus divided into 2 lacunae; with 18 (6 abporal, 6 equatorial, 6 interporal) lacunae ( Blackmore 1982).

Capitula: involucre almost glabrous or slightly pubescent mainly in lower part, receptacle glabrous, flat, involucre in several series, outer phyllaries triangular, inner phyllaries 2-3 times longer than outer ones, lanceolate, florets more than 12, exceeding the involucre up to two times, pink or purple.

Achenes: 6-15 mm, with carpopodium, straight, with 5 (sometimes slightly verrucose) ribs or flattened-triangular, glabrous or papillate: achene wall with parenchyma scarcely represented by one or several layers above and below sclerenchyma, of two types (mechanical parenchyma and such with thin-walled), air cavities absent, sclerenchyma continuous, of equal thickness throughout, sclerenchymatous fibres orientated parallel to the achene axis, tannins absent.

Pappus: 7-13 mm, dirty white, bristles plumose in lower part and apically scabrid, 5-10 of them clearly longer than other bristles.

Chromosome number.

x = 7, diploids.

Species.

(1) Scorzonera purpurea L.

(2) Scorzonera rosea Waldst. & Kit.

(3) Scorzonera rhodantha Hausskn.

Distribution area.

Asia-Temperate: KZ; RU (South Siberia). Asia-Tropical: IN; PK. Europe: AL; AT; BA; BG; CZ; DE; FR; GR; HR; HU; IT; MD; ME; MK; PL; RO; RS; RU; SI; SK; UA.