Lepidopa, STIMPSON, 1858

BOYKO, CHRISTOPHER B., 2002, A Worldwide Revision Of The Recent And Fossil Sand Crabs Of The Albuneidae Stimpson And Blepharipodidae, New Family (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Hippoidea), Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2002 (272), pp. 1-396 : 92-93

LEPIDOPA STIMPSON, 1858

Albunea: H. Milne Edwards, 1837b: 202–203 (part). – Chenu and Desmarest, 1877: 32 (part) (not Albunea Weber, 1795 ).

Albunaea [sic]: Dana, 1852: 404 (part) (not Albunea Weber, 1795 ).

Lepidopa Stimpson, 1858: 230 . – Ortmann, 1896: 225–226 (part). – Holmes, 1900: 105. – Ortmann, 1901: 1153, 1275. – Benedict, 1903: 891. – Porter, 1915b: 17. – Schmitt, 1921: 172 (part). – Balss, 1927: 1011. – Gordon, 1938: 188–190 (part). – Garcia Mendes, 1945: 119 (part). – Snodgrass, 1952: 31. – Haig, 1955: 11. – Balss, 1957: 1599. – Holthuis, 1961: 27–28. – Chace and Haig, 1962: 344. – Holthuis, 1962: 125–128. – Rodrigues da Costa, 1962: 7–9. – ICZN, 1964: 28–29. – Efford, 1971: 60–61 (part). – Epelde­Aguirre and Lopez, 1975: 165. – Rodriguez, 1980: 235. – Wicksten, 1980: 209 (list). – Kaestner, 1980: 335. – Boschi, 1981: 714, 739. – Williams, 1984: 250. – Calado, 1987: 119–121 (part). – Coêlho and Calado, 1987: 41 (part). – Melville and Smith, 1987: 114. – Manning, 1988: 626–627 (part). – Seridji, 1988: 1298–1299. – Rios et al., 1990: 27. – Calado, 1995: 125–126 (part). – Boyko and Harvey, 1999: 380, 382.

Lepidops: Miers, 1878: 331–332 (part). – Kingsley, 1880: 410. – Ortmann, 1892: 535. – Moreira, 1901: 30. – Holthuis, 1962: 127–128. – ICZN, 1964: 28–29 (unjustified emendation).

Ledopipa [sic]: Calado, 1987: 85.

not Lepidopa Ortmann, 1896: 225–226 (part). – Schmitt, 1921: 172 (part). – Gordon, 1938: 188–190 (part). – Garcia Mendes, 1945: 119 (part). – Efford, 1971: 60–61 (part). – Calado, 1987: 119–121 (part). – Coêlho and Calado, 1987: 41 (part). – Manning, 1988: 626–627 (part). – Calado, 1995: 125–126 (part)) (= Paraleucolepidopa Calado, 1996 ).

not Lepidops Stimpson, 1860: 241 . – Miers, 1878: 331–332 (part) (= Paraleucolepidopa Calado, 1996 ).

not Lepidops: Miers, 1878: 331–332 (part) (= Thia Leach, 1815 ).

not Lepidopa: Gordon, 1938: 187–190 (part) (= Thia Leach, 1815 ).

not ‘‘? Lepidopa ’’: Kamita, 1957: 94–96 (= Blepharipoda Randall, 1840 ).

DIAGNOSIS: Carapace unarmed or weakly spinose. Rostrum narrow, rounded. Distal peduncular segment flattened. Antennule dorsal flagellum with 78–250 articles, ventral flagellum with two or three articles. Antenna flagellum with six to nine articles. Maxilliped II with flagellum. Maxilliped III exopod without flagellum. Abdominal somite V pleura weakly calcified. Males with small pleopods.

DISTRIBUTION: Central California, USA, south to Chile; Virginia, USA, south to Brazil.

TYPE SPECIES: Lepidopa venusta Stimpson, 1859 , by designation of ICZN Opinion 693 ( ICZN, 1964).

INCLUDED SPECIES: L. venusta Stimpson, 1859 ; L. chilensis Lenz, 1902 ; L. deamae Benedict, 1903 ; L. mearnsi Benedict, 1903 ; L. richmondi Benedict, 1903 ; L. websteri Benedict, 1903 ; L. wollebaeki Sivertsen, 1934 ; L. benedicti Schmitt, 1935 ; L. californica Efford, 1971 ; L. esposa Efford, 1971 ; L. haigae Efford, 1971 ; L. mexicana Efford, 1971 ; L. dexterae Abele and Efford, 1972 ; L. luciae , n. sp.

REMARKS: This genus is no. 1575 on the ‘‘Official list of generic names in zoology,’’ and is feminine ( ICZN, 1964). The original type species of this genus was designated as Hippa scutellata Fabricius by Stimpson (1858). However, as shown by Holthuis (1962), that species is actually a thiid brachyuran, and Stimpson’s concept of the species applied to the taxon now known as Lepidopa richmondi Benedict. Rather than relegate Lepidopa to synonymy with Thia , , and introduce a new name for the genus previously known as Lepidopa, Holthuis (1962) recommended the designation of a new type species for Lepidopa . The ICZN concurred and selected L. venusta as the type species in 1964 ( ICZN, 1964). This was, in retrospect, perhaps not the best choice for the type species, as it belongs to the ‘‘ venusta ­ group’’ of Lepidopa , rather than to the ‘‘ benedicti ­group’’ to which L. richmondi belongs.

The names Lepidops Stimpson (no. 1674) and Lepidops Miers (no. 1675) are both placed on the ‘‘Official index of rejected and invalid generic names in zoology,’’ as both are unjustified emendations of Lepidopa ( ICZN, 1964) .

Efford’s (1971: fig. 12) ‘‘evolutionary tree’’ divided the genus into four major ‘‘groups’’ (listed here in Efford’s order from most basal to most derived): the ‘‘ californica ­group,’’ the ‘‘ myops ­group,’’ the ‘‘ benedicti ­group,’’ and the ‘‘ venusta ­group.’’ The ‘‘ myops ­group’’ is now recognized as the genus Paraleucolepidopa , and is actually basal to Lepidopa sensu stricto. The ‘‘ californica ­group’’ (with only one species) is not basal, but rather is intermediate between the ‘‘ venusta ­’’ and ‘‘ benedicti ­’’ groups.