Lepidopa luciae, BOYKO, 2002

BOYKO, CHRISTOPHER B., 2002, A Worldwide Revision Of The Recent And Fossil Sand Crabs Of The Albuneidae Stimpson And Blepharipodidae, New Family (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Hippoidea), Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2002 (272), pp. 1-396 : 93-115

Lepidopa luciae , new species Figures 30 , 31

Lepidopa venusta: Benedict, 1903: 892 , fig. 2*. – Schmitt, 1935: 210, fig. 70*. – Gordon, 1938: 188 *. – Efford, 1971: 87–89 (part), figs. 3p, 4l, t, 5c, k, 6h, 7b*. – Manning, 1988: 626–627, 630–631, fig. 4* (not Lepidopa venusta Stimpson, 1859 ).

MATERIAL EXAMINED: Saint Lucia: Saint

Lucia, ‘‘Peru’’ [= West Indies], coll. Stolz­

man: 4 Ƌ, 5.5–8.8 mm cl, 1 ♀, 9.8 mm cl, paratypes ( BMNH 1890.10.7.152–156).

Trinidad and Tobago: Nariva Swamp, beach side, Cocal , Nariva Co., Trinidad , July 13, 1979, coll. L. N. Sorkin: 1 ♀, 11.4 mm cl, holotype ( AMNH 17533 ) ; Maracas Bay, Trinidad , Dec. 25, 1970, coll. J. M. Stohley: 1 Ƌ, 6.6 mm cl, 1 unsexable, unmeasurable specimen, paratypes ( USNM 141353 ) ; Mayaro Beach, Trinidad , Aug. 1972, coll. V. Quesnel: 1 ♀, 12.1 mm cl, paratype ( USNM 143381 ) ; Trinidad , coll. R. A. White: 1 Ƌ, 8.0 mm cl, paratype ( BMNH 1950.12.28.6) .

Costa Rica: Port Limon, coll. L. C. Gagzo: 1 ♀, 10.9 mm cl, paratype ( ZMH K­ 5146).

Colombia: Sabanilla, ‘‘New Grenada’’ [= Colombia], March 16–22, 1884, coll. R/V ‘‘Albatross’’: 2 ♀, 7.7–11.6 mm cl, 1 oviger, 10.0 mm cl, paratypes ( USNM 7573).

DIAGNOSIS: Carapace wider than long, with lightly setose grooves. Anterior margin with two large spines lateral to ocular sinus. CG5 absent; CG8 present as punctae; CG10 present as punctae; posterior submarginal groove reaching to posterior margin of posterior concavity. Rostrum present, rounded and armed with ventral acute spine. Distal peduncular segments dorsoventrally flattened, ovate, distal margin smooth. Cornea absent. Antennal segment I unarmed. Dactylus of pereopod II with heel produced and rounded. Dactylus of pereopod III with heel thin, projecting, acute. Dactylus of pereopod IV with produced acute heel and deep indent. Telson of male spatulate, proximal two­thirds laterally convex, distal third laterally concave with lateral expansions rounded, distal tip rounded; medioproximal third heavily calcified, lateral and distal regions decalcified.

DESCRIPTION: Carapace (fig. 30A) wider than long. Anterior margin convex on either side of ocular sinus, smooth. Rostrum as rounded projection reaching beyond median peduncular segments and with submarginal, terminal acute spine. Ocular sinus smoothly concave; unarmed. Frontal region smooth; setal field reduced to narrow band anterior and paralleling CG1, concave medially. CG1 parallel to anterior margin of carapace, sinuous, slightly crenulate, medially concave, medial and lateral elements united. Mesogastric region smooth; CG2 absent; CG3 absent; CG4 with several (three to seven) anteriorly and posteriorly displaced very short elements and two long, oblique lateral elements connected to posterior margins of CG1 lateral elements. Hepatic region smooth with oblique lateral setose groove and very short, acute spine at median of lateral margin. Epibranchial region roughly triangular, smooth; posterolateral margin with two short rows of setae. Metagastric region smooth; CG5 absent. CG6 crenulate, with separate oblique long lateral fragments and short, concave, median element united with CG7. CG7 nearly straight relative to anterior margin of carapace and united with median fragment of CG6. Cardiac region smooth; CG8 present as eight minute setose punctae. CG9 absent. CG10 present as few minute setose punctae in short oblique rows. CG11 absent. Branchial region with few setose punctae but without short, transverse rows of setae. Posterior margin deeply and smoothly concave medially and more or less straight laterally, with submarginal groove reaching to posterior margin of posterior concavity. Branchiostegite without anterior submarginal spine; anterior region with anterodorsal transverse groove and granular surface; with many long plumose setae; posterior region membranous with numerous irregular fragments and sparsely covered with long plumose setae.

Ocular plate (fig. 30B) minute; median peduncular segments laterally elongate oblong segments, not covered by carapace anterolaterally ventral to ocular plate. Distal peduncular segments irregularly elongate­ovate, angled distolaterally, flattened, with convex lateral and mesial margins, shallow notch present laterally one­third from proximal margin, margins smooth; mesial margins separated along entire length; mesial, lateral and distal margins with long simple setae.

Antennule (fig. 30C) segment III narrow proximally, expanding distally to two times proximal width; with plumose setae on dorsal and ventral margins; dorsal exopodal flagellum with 85–123 articles (n = 6), long plumose setae on dorsal and ventral margins; ventral endopodal flagellum with two or three articles (n = 6), plumose setae on dorsal and ventral margins. Segment II medially inflated in dorsal view, with plumose setae on dorsal and ventral margins and scattered on distoventral third of lateral surface. Segment I width and length subequal, unarmed; lateral surface with submarginal dorsal row of long plumose setae and transverse band of long plumose setae across segment median; long plumose setae on dorsal and ventral margins.

Antenna (fig. 30D) with segment V approximately 1.5 times longer than wide, with short plumose setae on dorsal margin and in submarginal ventral row, long plumose setae on distoventral margin; flagellum with eight articles (n = 6), long plumose setae on dorsal, ventral, and distal margins. Segment IV almost cylindrical, overreaching segment III by two­fifths its length, with long plumose setae on dorsal and distal margins, and two rows of short setae on lateral surface, one medial and one ventrally submarginal. Segment III with long plumose setae on ventral margin and short simple setae on dorsal margin. Segment II widening distally, with one row of short plumose setae on lateral surface; antennal acicle short, triangular, overreaching segment IV proximal margin by one­third of its length, with long plumose setae on dorsal margin. Segment I rounded proximally, flattened and truncated ventrolaterally with long plumose setae on margins, short simple setae scattered on dorsal quarter of lateral surface and along transverse groove separating truncate lobe from proximal portion of segment; lateral margin unarmed; segment with ventromesial antennal gland pore.

Mandible (fig. 30E) incisor process with two teeth; cutting edge with one tooth. Palp three­segmented, with plumose setae on margins and long, thick, simple setae arising from bend in second segment.

Maxillule (fig. 30F) distal endite proximally narrow, widening to inflated distal end, with thick simple setae on distal margin and plumose setae on dorsal margin. Proximal endite with thick simple setae on distal margin. Endopodal external lobe truncate distally and curled under, with wide proximal projection; internal lobe reduced with four thick setae at distolateral margin.

Maxilla (fig. 30G) exopod rounded with plumose setae along distal margin. Scaphognathite bluntly angled on posterior lobe, with plumose setae.

Maxilliped I (fig. 30H) epipod with plumose setae on margins and on distolateral surface. Endite tapered distally and subequal to first segment of exopod. Exopod with two segments; proximal segment narrow, margins parallel, with plumose setae; distal segment spatulate, longer than wide, curved mesially, broadest medially, margins and distal threefourths of lateral surface with long plumose setae. Endopod flattened and elongate, reaching to distal end of proximal exopodal segment, with plumose setae on margins.

Maxilliped II (fig. 30I) dactylus evenly rounded, longer than wide, with thick simple setae distally and thin simple setae in short row on lateral surface. Propodus slightly produced dorsodistally, one­half wider than long, with plumose setae on dorsal margin and long simple setae on dorsodistal and ventrodistal margins. Carpus not produced dorsodistally, approximately two times longer than wide, with long simple setae on dorsal margin and scattered on lateral surface. Merus 1.5 times longer than wide, margins parallel but slightly inflated subproximally, with long simple setae on ventral margin and long plumose setae on dorsal margin and scattered on lateral surface. Basis­ischium incompletely fused, with plumose setae on margins. Exopod two times longer than merus, flagellum with one elongate article.

Maxilliped III (fig. 30J) dactylus elongate and evenly rounded; long plumose setae on margins and in medial transverse row on lateral surface. Propodus with longitudinal median row of plumose setae on lateral surface; submarginal interrupted ventral row of long simple setae; distodorsal tuft of long plumose setae; dorsal and ventral margins with short plumose setae. Carpus strongly produced onto propodus, overreaching four­fifths of propodus length; lateral surface with medial transverse row of long plumose setae; submarginal ventral row of long plumose setae; long plumose setae on margins. Merus unarmed, broadly inflated distolaterally, depressed and decalcified medially, with long plumose setae on dorsal margin and short plumose setae on medioventral margin and scattered on lateral surface. Basis­ischium incompletely fused, without crista dentata. Exopod two­segmented: proximal segment small; distal segment styliform, tapering, approximately one­half length of merus, with plumose setae on margins; without flagellum.

Pereopod I (fig. 31A) dactylus curved and tapering; lateral and mesial surfaces smooth; dorsal margin with small rugose area proximally, smooth distally, with long plumose setae; ventral margin with short simple setae. Propodal lateral surface with numerous short, transverse rows of setose rugae; dorsal margin with few small, low ridges; ventral margin distally produced into acute spine; cutting edge lacking teeth, lined with long plu­ mose setae; dorsal margin with short plumose setae, ventral margin with short simple setae; mesial surface with few short transverse rows of setose rugae. Carpus with dorsodistal angle rounded and surface rugose with short simple setae, dorsal margin smooth, with short plumose setae; lateral surface with few scattered, transverse, setose ridges; mesial surface smooth, with transverse row of long plumose setae halfway from dorsal margin and few scattered short plumose setae on surface. Merus unarmed; lateral surface with scattered transverse rows of short plumose setae, dorsal margin with long plumose setae; mesial side with few short rows of long plumose setae; proximal third of mesial surface with decalcified window. Basis­ischium incompletely fused, unarmed. Coxa unarmed.

Pereopod II (fig. 31B) dactylus smooth; with base to heel slightly concave, heel produced and rounded, with apical tuft of short simple setae, heel to tip with narrow, subacute indent, tip subacute with apical tuft of short simple setae, tip to base broadly convex; lateral surface smooth; mesial surface smooth, ventral margin with long plumose setae, dorsal margin with short simple setae, with patch of long plumose setae at base reaching across median of heel. Propodus with dorsal surface smooth, ventral margin inflated and rounded; distal and ventral margins with long plumose setae; dorsolateral surface as narrow, oblique, flattened shelf, with long plumose setae on ventral margin; short transverse row of long plumose setae on surface; mesial surface with oblique row of long plumose setae, distal and ventral margins with dense row of long plumose setae. Carpus strongly produced dorsodistally, reaching distal margin of propodus; lateral surface nearly smooth, with four irregular, interrupted rows of rugae and submarginal elevated ridge ventrally, rugae and ridge with long plumose setae; dorsal margin with short plumose setae, distoventral and ventral margins with long plumose setae; mesial surface smooth with medial oblique and subdistal rows of long plumose setae, few scattered short plumose setae on surface. Merus lateral surface almost entirely decalcified, with long plumose setae on dorsal and ventral margins; mesial surface nearly smooth, with oblique median ridge, patches of long plumose setae dorsal to ridge and in row ventrally, with decalcified area on proximal third of area ventral to ridge. Basis­ischium incompletely fused and unarmed. Coxa unarmed.

Pereopod III (fig. 31C) dactylus base to heel broadly indented, heel acute, thin, and produced, heel to tip with broad, angled indent, tip acute, tip to base smoothly convex; lateral surface smooth, with apical tufts of short simple setae on heel and tip, lateral surface proximal to indent with few setose punctae; ventral margin with long plumose setae, dorsal margin with short simple and plumose setae; mesial surface smooth, with plumose setae proximally at junction with propodus and in row across base of heel. Propodus not inflated dorsoventrally; lateral surface smooth, with simple setae subdorsally and long plumose setae on ventral margin; dorsolateral surface narrow, oblique, flattened; mesial surface with scattered long setae on and near distoventral margin. Carpus strongly produced dorsodistally and inflated, overreaching distal margin of propodus, rounded; dorsolateral margin unarmed; lateral surface with mat of short setae on dorsodistal third of segment and three long transverse rows of setae medially and scattered on proximal lateral surface; dorsal margin with long plumose setae; mesial surface smooth, with long plumose setae on margins and in median oblique row. Merus smooth, lateral surface almost entirely decalcified; dorsal and ventral margins unarmed, with long plumose setae; mesial surface smooth with patch of long plumose setae on proximomesial margin. Basis­ischium incompletely fused and unarmed. Coxa unarmed. Female pereopod III with large mesioproximal gonopore (not opposing other gonopore); male with slightly smaller pore.

Pereopod IV (fig. 31D) dactylus with base to heel concave, heel acute, with apical tuft of short simple setae, heel to tip broadly rounded and concave, tip acute with apical tuft of short simple setae, tip to base convex; lateral surface smooth, ventral margin with long plumose setae, dorsal margin with short simple setae; mesial surface with dorsal decalcified region, demarcated ventrally by longitudinal elevated ridge across heel with row of short plumose setae. Propodus expanded dorsally and ventrally; ventral expansion not reaching ventral margin of dactylus, margins with long plumose setae; dorsal expansion with row of long plumose setae medially and mat of short setae; lateral and mesial surfaces smooth. Carpus slightly produced dorsodistally; lateral and mesial surfaces smooth; dorsomedial half of lateral and mesial surfaces decalcified, with medial patch of long plumose setae subdistally and long plumose setae on distoventral margin of mesial surface; dorsal margin with small mat of short setae at dorsodistal angle; dorsal margin with long plumose setae, ventral margin with short simple setae. Merus with small median decalcified area on lateral surface, few short transverse rows of setae, dorsal and distoventral margins with long plumose setae; mesial surface with small decalcified window proximoventrally. Basis­ischium incompletely fused and unarmed. Coxa unarmed.

Abdomen (fig. 31E) with somite I wider than long, widest posteriorly; dorsal surface with anterior margin straight; posterior margin concave, with elevated submarginal curved row of short setae and narrow field of short simple setae anterior to submarginal row; with small faint transverse decalcified window laterad of segment median. Somite II anterior margin convex, posterior margin irregularly concave; pleura expanded and directed posterolaterally, angled anterolaterally, rounded posterolaterally, small patch of short simple setae at posteromesial margin; anterior and lateral margins with long plumose setae, posterior margin with short setae. Somite III similar to somite II, narrower and shorter; pleura thinner and shorter than on somite II, directed posterolaterally, with setae as in somite II; anterolateral angle subacute; dorsal surface obliquely flattened anterolaterally, with posterior row of short simple setae. Somite IV similar to somite III; pleura thinner and shorter than on somite III, directed laterally; dorsal surface slightly obliquely flattened anterolaterally, with ventral row of short simple setae; margins with long plumose setae. Somite V wider than somite IV, narrowing posteriorly; anterolateral margins with plumose setae, two lateral rows of setae on posterior margin; pleura distinct from somite, shorter than in somite IV, thin, flattened, directed anterolaterally, and covered with plumose setae. Somite VI narrower than somite V; dorsal surface with four short transverse rows of setae laterad of midline anteriorly, posterior margin with long plumose setae; pleura absent.

Female with long uniramous pleopods on somites II–V; male with small pleopods.

Telson of male (fig. 31F) spatulate, proximal two­thirds laterally convex, distal third laterally concave with lateral expansions rounded, distal tip rounded; medioproximal third heavily calcified, lateral and distal regions decalcified; median longitudinal groove running along calcified region; two parallel distally converging rows of short simple setae in medial third; margins with long simple setae. Telson of female (fig. 31G) similar to male, with less produced lateral expansions and more gently concave distolateral third.

DISTRIBUTION: Known from Saint Lucia, West Indies, south to Colombia; depth range unknown.

MAXIMUM SIZE: Males: 8.8 mm cl; females: 12.1 mm cl.

TYPE SPECIMENS: AMNH 17533 (holotype), BMNH 1890.10.7.152–156 (5 paratypes), BMNH 1950.12.28.6 (paratype), USNM 7573 (3 paratypes), USNM 141353 (2 paratypes), USNM 143381 (paratype), ZMH K­5146 (paratype).

TYPE LOCALITY: Nariva Swamp, Cocal, Nariva Co., Trinidad, Trinidad and Tobago.

ETYMOLOGY: This species is named in hon­ or of Charles M. Schulz (1922–2000), creator of the beloved ‘‘Peanuts’’ comic strip that ran nearly 50 years, from October 2, 1950 until the very date of his death. The specific name ‘‘ luciae ’’ is given after the ‘‘Peanuts’’ character Lucy VanPelt, as suggested by Jean Schulz, in recognition of Lucy’s supremely ‘‘crabby’’ attitude (fig. 31.1).

REMARKS: Schmitt’s (1935) citation and figure of ‘‘ Lepidopa venusta ’’ was based on the specimens discussed by Benedict (1903), which all belong to this new species. The erroneous ‘‘Peruvian’’ locality cited above was discussed in more detail by Holthuis (1961), who correctly identified it as a Caribbean locality.

Lepidopa luciae appears superficially similar to L. venusta , and is the sister species to all other members of the ‘‘ venusta ­group.’’ It can be separated from L. venusta by the rounded dactylus heel of pereopod II, the shorter dactylus heel of pereopod III, and the sinuous lateral margin of the ocular sinus. Lepidopa venusta has an acute dactylus heel of pereopod II, a longer dactylus heel of pereopod III, and a smoothly concave lateral margin of the ocular sinus.

Lepidopa mexicana Efford, 1971 Figures 32 , 33

Lepidopa mexicana Efford, 1971: 89–90 , figs. 2k, 3s, 4o, 5f, i, 6f, m, 7c*. – Coêlho and Calado, 1987: table 1. – Rios et al., 1990: 30, figs. 1d, 4. – Lemaitre and Alvarez León, 1993: 50 (list). – Hendrickx, 1992: 8 (list). – Moran and Dittel, 1993: 612 (list). – Ramos and Rios, 1995: 104, fig. 6. – Hendrickx and Harvey, 1999: 367 (list).

not Lepidopa mexicana: Calado, 1995: 181–182 , pl. 39, fig. j, pl. 40, fig. i, pl. 41, fig. i, pl. 58, fig. a, pl. 59, figs. a–c* (= Lepidopa mearnsi Benedict, 1903 ).

MATERIAL EXAMINED: Mexico: ‘‘ Mexico,’’ 1926, coll. Sec. Agricultura y Fomento: 1 oviger, 9.4 mm cl, holotype ( USNM 62384 ) ; Teacapan , Sinaloa, 1926, coll. unknown: 2 ♀, 7.5–7.7 mm cl, paratypes ( USNM 122634 ) ; Teacapan , Sinaloa, June 1926, coll. unknown: 1 Ƌ, 8.5 mm cl ( USNM 62448 ) ; Zihuatenejo Bay, Guererro , Feb. 7, 1963, coll. I. E. Efford: 1 ♀, 8.6 mm cl, paratype ( LACM­AHF 638 ) ;

Costa Rica: Puntarenas, coll. S. Orsted: 1 ♀, 7.6 mm cl, paratype ( ZMUC 2637).

Panama (Pacific): Sta. 235–3–7, Culebra Beach , June 3, 1977, coll. H. W. Kaufman: 1 juvenile. 2.9 mm cl ( USNM 260936 ) ; Sta. 253–4–1, Culebra Beach , Feb. 7, 1978, coll. H. W. Kaufman: 1 juvenile, 2.4 mm cl ( USNM 260937 ) ; Sta. 183–7, Scout Island Beach, March 10, 1974, coll. M. L. Jones and H. W. Kaufmann: 1 juvenile, 2.7 mm cl ( USNM 260938 ) ; south side, Perico Island , July 22, 1978, coll. M. L. Jones: 1 ♀, 7.5 mm cl ( USNM 304312 ) ; Sta. 241–4–6, Culebra Beach , Dec. 10, 1977, coll. H. W. Kaufman: 1 oviger, 8.3 mm cl ( USNM 304317 ) .

DIAGNOSIS: Carapace wider than long, with lightly setose grooves. Anterior margin with two large spines lateral to ocular sinus. CG5 absent; CG8 absent; CG10 absent; posterior submarginal groove reaching to posterior margin of posterior concavity. Rostrum present, rounded and armed with ventral acute spine. Distal peduncular segments dorsoventrally flattened, ovate, distal margin smooth. Cornea absent. Antennal segment I unarmed. Dactylus of pereopod II with heel produced and rounded. Dactylus of pereopod III with heel thin, projecting, acute. Dactylus of pereopod IV with produced acute heel and deep indent. Telson of male spatulate, with broadly rounded and produced lateral lobes, proximal third laterally concave, medial third laterally convex, distal third laterally concave, distal tip rounded; medioproximal third heavily calcified, lateral and distal regions decalcified.

DESCRIPTION: Carapace (fig. 32A) wider than long. Anterior margin convex on either side of ocular sinus, smooth. Rostrum as rounded projection reaching beyond median peduncular segments and with a submarginal, terminal acute spine. Ocular sinus smoothly concave; unarmed. Frontal region smooth; setal field reduced to narrow band anterior to and paralleling CG1, concave medially. CG1 parallel to anterior margin of carapace, sinuous, slightly crenulate, medially concave, medial and lateral elements united. Mesogastric region smooth; CG2 absent; CG3 absent; CG4 with several (2–12) anteriorly and posteriorly displaced very short elements with wide gap in median and two long, oblique lateral elements connected to posterior margins of CG1 lateral elements. Hepatic region smooth, with oblique lateral setose groove and short, acute spine at median of lateral margin. Epibranchial region generally triangular, smooth; posterolateral margin with three or four short rows of setae. Metagastric region smooth; CG5 absent. CG6 crenulate, with separate oblique long lateral fragments and short, concave, median element united with CG7. CG7 slightly con­ vex relative to anterior margin of carapace and united with median fragment of CG6. Cardiac region smooth; CG8–11 absent. Branchial region with few setose punctae but without short, transverse rows of setae. Posterior margin deeply and irregularly concave medially and more or less straight laterally, with submarginal groove reaching to posterior margin of posterior concavity. Branchiostegite without anterior submarginal spine; anterior region with anterodorsal transverse groove and granular surface; with many long plumose setae; posterior region membranous, with numerous, irregular fragments, and sparsely covered with long plumose setae.

Ocular plate (fig. 32B) laterally elongate oblong segment; median peduncular segments reduced to small subquadrate calcified areas anterolaterally ventral to ocular plate, not covered by carapace. Distal peduncular segments irregularly elongate­ovate, angled distolaterally, flattened with convex lateral and mesial margins, shallow notch present on lateral margin one­third from proximal margin, margins smooth; mesial margins separated along entire length; mesial, lateral, and distal margins with long simple setae.

Antennule (fig. 32C) segment III narrow proximally, expanding distally to two times proximal width; with plumose setae on dorsal and ventral margins; dorsal exopodal flagellum with 98–108 articles (n = 4), long plumose setae on dorsal and ventral margins; ventral endopodal flagellum with two or three articles (n = 6), plumose setae on dorsal and ventral margins. Segment II medially inflated in dorsal view, with plumose setae on dorsal and ventral margins. Segment I wider than long, unarmed; lateral surface with submarginal dorsal row of long plumose setae and transverse band of long plumose setae across segment median; long plumose setae on dorsal and ventral margins.

Antenna (fig. 32D) with segment V approximately 1.5 times longer than wide, with long plumose setae on dorsal margin and short plumose setae in submarginal ventral row, long plumose setae on distoventral margin; flagellum with eight articles (n = 5), long plumose setae on dorsal, ventral, and distal margins. Segment IV almost cylindrical, overreaching segment III by one­third of its length, with long plumose setae on dorsal and distal margins, and two interrupted rows of short setae on lateral surface, one medial and one ventrally submarginal. Segment III with long plumose setae on ventral margin and short simple setae on dorsal margin. Segment II widening distally, with one long row of short plumose setae on lateral surface; antennal acicle short, triangular, overreaching segment IV proximal margin by one­sixth own length, with long plumose setae on dorsal margin. Segment I rounded proximally, flattened and truncated ventrolaterally, with long plumose setae on margins, short simple setae scattered on dorsal one­eighth of lateral surface; lateral margin unarmed; segment with ventromesial antennal gland pore.

Mandible (fig. 32E) incisor process with two teeth; cutting edge with one tooth. Palp three­segmented, with plumose setae on margins and long, thick, simple setae arising from bend in second segment.

Maxillule (fig. 32F) distal endite proximally narrow, widening to inflated distal end, with thick simple setae on distal margin and plumose setae on dorsal margin. Proximal endite with thick simple setae on distal margin. Endopodal external lobe truncate distally and curled under, with wide proximal projection; internal lobe reduced, with two thick setae at distolateral margin.

Maxilla (fig. 32G) exopod rounded with plumose setae along distal margin. Scaphognathite bluntly angled on posterior lobe with plumose setae.

Maxilliped I (fig. 32H) epipod with plumose setae on margins and on distolateral surface. Endite tapered distally and subequal to first segment of exopod. Exopod with two segments; proximal segment narrow, margins parallel, margins with plumose setae; distal segment spatulate, longer than wide, curved mesially, broadest medially, margins and medial third of lateral surface with long plumose setae. Endopod flattened and elongate, reaching to distal end of proximal exopodal segment, with plumose setae on margins.

Maxilliped II (fig. 32I) dactylus evenly rounded, longer than wide, with thick simple setae distally and thin simple setae in short row on lateral surface. Propodus slightly produced dorsodistally, one­half wider than long, with plumose setae on dorsal margin and long simple setae on dorsodistal and ventrodistal margins. Carpus not produced dorsodistally, approximately two times longer than wide, with long simple setae on dorsal margin and on dorsodistal and ventrodistal margins. Merus 2.5 times longer than wide, margins parallel but slightly inflated subproximally, with long simple setae on ventral margin and long plumose setae on dorsal margin and scattered on lateral surface. Basis­ischium incompletely fused, with plumose setae on margins. Exopod 1.5 times longer than merus, flagellum with one elongate article.

Maxilliped III (fig. 32J) dactylus elongate and evenly rounded; long plumose setae on margins and in medial transverse row on lateral surface. Propodus with longitudinal median row of plumose setae on lateral surface; submarginal interrupted ventral row of long simple setae; distodorsal tuft of long plumose setae; dorsal and ventral margins with short plumose setae. Carpus strongly produced onto propodus, overreaching nine­tenths of propodal length; lateral surface with medial transverse row of long plumose setae; submarginal ventral row of long plumose setae; long plumose setae on margins. Merus unarmed, weakly inflated distolaterally, depressed and decalcified medially, with long plumose setae on dorsal margin and short plumose setae on ventral margin and scattered on lateral surface. Basis­ischium incompletely fused, without crista dentata. Exopod two­segmented: proximal segment small; distal segment styliform, tapering, approximately three­fifths length of merus, with plumose setae on margins; without flagellum.

Pereopod I (fig. 33A) dactylus curved and tapering; lateral and mesial surfaces smooth; dorsal margin with small rugose area proximally, smooth distally, with long plumose setae; ventral margin with short simple setae. Propodal lateral surface with numerous short, transverse rows of setose rugae; dorsal margin with few small, low ridges; ventral margin distally produced into acute spine; cutting edge lacking teeth, lined with long plumose setae; dorsal margin with short plumose setae, ventral margin with short simple setae; mesial surface with few short transverse rows of setose rugae. Carpus with dor­ sodistal angle subquadrate and surface rugose, with short simple setae, dorsal margin smooth with short plumose setae; lateral surface with few scattered transverse, setose ridges; mesial surface smooth, with transverse row of long plumose setae halfway from dorsal margin and few scattered short plumose setae on surface. Merus unarmed; lateral surface with scattered transverse rows of short plumose setae, dorsal margin with long plumose setae; mesial side with few short rows of long plumose setae; proximal half of mesial surface with decalcified window. Basis­ischium incompletely fused, unarmed. Coxa unarmed.

Pereopod II (fig. 33B) dactylus smooth; with base to heel slightly concave, heel produced and rounded, heel to tip with wide, subacute indent, tip subacute with apical tuft of short simple setae, tip to base broadly convex; lateral surface smooth; mesial surface smooth, ventral margin with long plumose setae, dorsal margin with short simple setae, with patch of long plumose setae at base reaching across median of heel. Propodus with dorsal surface smooth, ventral margin inflated and rounded; distal and ventral margin with long plumose setae; dorsolateral surface as narrow, oblique, flattened shelf, with long plumose setae on ventral margin; short transverse row of long plumose setae on surface; mesial surface with oblique row of long plumose setae, distal and ventral margins with dense row of long plumose setae. Carpus strongly produced dorsodistally, extending three­fourths length of propodus; lateral surface nearly smooth, with irregular, interrupted row of rugae and submarginal elevated ridge ventrally, rugae and ridge with long plumose setae; dorsal margin with short plumose setae, distoventral and ventral margins with long plumose setae; mesial surface smooth, with medial oblique and subdistal rows of long plumose setae, few scattered short plumose setae on surface. Merus lateral surface almost entirely decalcified, with long plumose setae on dorsal and ventral margins; mesial surface nearly smooth, with oblique median ridge, long plumose setae patches dorsal to ridge and in row ventrally, with decalcified area on proximal third of area ventral to ridge. Basis­ischium incompletely fused and unarmed. Coxa unarmed.

Pereopod III (fig. 33C) dactylus base to heel broadly indented, heel acute, thin, and produced, heel to tip with broad, angled indent, tip acute, tip to base smoothly convex; lateral surface smooth, with apical tufts of short simple setae on heel and tip, lateral surface proximal to indent with few setose punctae; ventral margin with long plumose setae, dorsal margin with short simple and plumose setae; mesial surface smooth, with plumose setae proximally at junction with propodus and in row across base of heel. Propodus not inflated dorsoventrally; lateral surface smooth, with simple setae subdorsally, and long plumose setae on ventral margin; dorsolateral surface narrow, oblique, flattened; mesial surface with scattered long setae on and near distoventral margin. Carpus strongly produced dorsodistally and inflated, overreaching distal margin of propodus, rounded; dorsolateral margin unarmed; lateral surface with mat of short setae on dorsodistal third of segment and two long and one short transverse rows of setae medially; dorsal margin with long plumose setae; mesial surface smooth, with small median decalcified area, long plumose setae on margins and in median oblique row. Merus smooth, lateral surface almost entirely decalcified; dorsal and ventral margins unarmed, dorsodistal and ventral margins with long plumose setae; mesial surface smooth, with patch of long plumose setae on proximomesial margin. Basis­ischium incompletely fused and unarmed. Coxa unarmed. Female pereopod III with large mesioproximal gonopore (not opposing other gonopore); male with slightly smaller pore.

Pereopod IV (fig. 33D) dactylus with base to heel concave, heel acute, with apical tuft of short simple setae, heel to tip broadly rounded and concave, tip acute with apical tuft of short simple setae, tip to base convex; lateral surface smooth, ventral margin with long plumose setae, dorsal margin with short simple setae; mesial surface with dorsal decalcified region, demarcated ventrally by longitudinal elevated ridge across heel, with row of short plumose setae. Propodus expanded dorsally and ventrally; ventral expansion reaching ventral margin of dactylus, margins with long plumose setae; dorsal expansion with row of long plumose setae medially and mat of short setae; lateral and mesial surfaces smooth. Carpus slightly produced dorsodistally; lateral and mesial surfaces smooth; dorsomedial half of lateral and mesial surfaces decalcified, with medial patch of long plumose setae subdistally and long plumose setae on distoventral margin of mesial surface; dorsal margin with small mat of short setae at dorsodistal angle; dorsal margin with long plumose setae, ventral margin with short simple setae. Merus lateral surface small median decalcified area, with few short transverse rows of setae, dorsal and distoventral margins with long plumose setae; mesial surface with small decalcified window proximoventrally. Basis­ischium incompletely fused and unarmed. Coxa unarmed.

Abdomen (fig. 33E) with somite I wider than long, widest posteriorly; dorsal surface with anterior margin concave; posterior mar­ gin concave, with elevated submarginal curved row of short setae and broad field of short simple setae anterior to submarginal row; with small faint transverse decalcified window laterad of segment median. Somite II anterior margin irregularly convex, posterior margin irregularly concave; pleura expanded and directed laterally, angled anterolaterally, rounded posterolaterally, anterior margin weakly crenulate, small patch of short simple setae at posteromesial margin; anterior and lateral margins with long plumose setae, posterior margin with short setae. Somite III similar to somite II, narrower and shorter; pleura thinner and shorter than on somite II, directed anterolaterally, with setae as in somite II; anterolateral angle subacute; dorsal surface obliquely flattened anterolaterally, with posterior row of short simple setae. Somite IV similar to somite III; pleura thinner and shorter than on somite III, directed anterolaterally; dorsal surface slightly obliquely flattened anterolaterally, with posterior row of short simple setae; margins with long plumose setae. Somite V wider than somite IV, narrowing posteriorly; anterolateral margins with plumose setae, two lateral rows of setae on posterior margin; pleura decalcified and distinct from somite, shorter than in somite IV, thin, flattened, directed anterolaterally, and covered with plumose setae. Somite VI narrower than somite V; dorsal surface with four short transverse rows of setae laterad of midline anteriorly, posterior margin with two rows of long plumose setae; pleura absent.

Female with long uniramous pleopods on somites II–V; male with small pleopods.

Telson of male (fig. 33F) spatulate, with broadly rounded and produced lateral lobes, proximal third laterally concave, medial third laterally convex, distal third laterally concave, distal tip rounded; medioproximal third heavily calcified, lateral and distal regions decalcified; median longitudinal groove running along calcified region; two parallel distally converging rows of short simple setae in medial third; margins with long simple setae. Telson of female (fig. 33G) similar to male, with less produced lateral expansions, lateral margins almost evenly convex.

DISTRIBUTION: From Sinaloa, Mexico, to Panama and Colombia ( Rios et al., 1990); depth range unknown.

MAXIMUM SIZE: Males: 8.5 mm cl; females: 9.4 mm cl.

TYPE SPECIMENS: USNM 62384 (holotype), USNM 122634 (2 paratypes), LACM­ AHF 638 (paratype), ZMUC 2637 (paratype).

TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘ Mexico.’’

REMARKS: Calado (1995) examined only a single specimen labeled as L. mexicana (identified by D. Dexter), but which is a misidentified L. mearnsi . Calado (1995) saw no specimens of true L. mexicana and gave the type locality for this species incorrectly as ‘‘Teacapan, Sinoloa [sic], México.’’

Lepidopa mexicana is the sister species to L. wollebaeki , and differs from that species only in minor details of the arrangement of CG4 and CG5. Unfortunately, L. wollebaeki is only known from the holotype specimen, and intraspecific variation in that species is therefore unknown. Further Galápagos material may show that L. wollebaeki and L. mexicana are conspecific. If true, the species would have a range similar to that of Albunea galapagensis , n. sp., which is known from both the Galápagos and the Gulf of California.

Lepidopa wollebaeki Sivertsen, 1934 Figures 34 , 35

Lepidopa wollebaeki Sivertsen, 1934: 9 , pl. 4, figs. 35–41*. – Efford, 1971: 96–98, figs. 1h, 4n, 8*. – Coêlho and Calado, 1987: table 1. – Calado, 1995: 213–215, pl. 39, fig. q, pl. 40, fig. p, pl. 41, fig. p, pl. 70, figs. a–f*.

Lepidopa wollebaecki [sic]: Gordon, 1938: 188.

Lepidopa wolleboecki [sic]: Garcia Mendes, 1945: 119 (list).

Lepidopa wollebacki [sic]: Calado, 1987: 119 (list).

Lepidopa wolleboeki [sic]: Hendrickx and Harvey, 1999: 367.

MATERIAL EXAMINED: Ecuador: Floreana Island, Galápagos Islands, Aug. 24, 1925, coll. Galápagos Expedition: 1 ♀, 7.2 mm cl, holotype ( ZMO F100).

DIAGNOSIS: Carapace wider than long, with lightly setose grooves. Anterior margin with two large spines lateral to ocular sinus. CG5 present; CG8 absent; CG10 absent; posterior submarginal groove reaching posterolateral margin of posterior concavity. Rostrum present, rounded and armed with ventral acute spine. Distal peduncular segments dorsoventrally flattened, ovate, distal margin smooth. Cornea absent. Antennal segment I unarmed. Dactylus of pereopod II with heel produced and rounded. Dactylus of pereopod III with heel thin, projecting, acute. Dactylus of pereopod IV unknown. Telson of female appearing to be diamond­shaped and elongated, with strong narrow lateral projections.

DESCRIPTION: Carapace (fig. 34A) wider than long. Anterior margin concave on either side of ocular sinus, smooth. Rostrum as rounded projection reaching beyond median peduncular segments and with a submarginal, terminal acute spine. Ocular sinus smoothly concave; unarmed. Frontal region smooth; setal field reduced to narrow band anterior and paralleling CG1, concave medially. CG1 parallel to anterior margin of carapace, sinuous, slightly crenulate, medially concave, medial and lateral elements united. Mesogastric region smooth; CG2 absent; CG3 absent; CG4 with two long oblique lateral elements. Hepatic region smooth, with oblique lateral setose groove and very short, acute spine at median of lateral margin. Epibranchial region generally triangular, smooth; posterolateral margin with three short rows of setae. Metagastric region smooth; CG5 present as two very short medial elements. CG6 crenulate, with separate oblique, long, lateral fragments and short sinuous median element united with CG7. CG7 straight relative to anterior margin of carapace and united with median fragment of CG6. Cardiac region smooth; CG8–11 absent. Branchial region with few punctae but without short, transverse rows of setae. Posterior margin deeply and irregularly concave medially and more or less straight laterally, with submarginal groove reaching posterolateral margin of posterior concavity. Branchiostegite without anterior submarginal spine; anterior region with anterodorsal transverse groove and granular surface; posterior region membranous, with numerous irregular fragments.

Ocular plate (fig. 34B) covered by carapace; median peduncular segments reduced to small oblong calcified areas anterolateral to ocular plate. Distal peduncular segments irregularly ovate, angled distolaterally, flat­ tened with convex lateral and mesial margins and slightly indented distal margin, margins smooth; cornea absent; mesial margins separated along entire length.

Antennule (fig. 34C) segment III narrow proximally, expanding distally to two times proximal width; with plumose setae on ventral margin and scattered on dorsolateral surface; dorsal exopodal flagellum with unknown number of articles (76 in Sivertsen, 1934: fig. 37); ventral endopodal flagellum with two articles (n = 1), plumose setae on dorsal and ventral margins. Segment II medially inflated in dorsal view, with plumose setae on dorsal and ventral margins. Segment I longer than wide, unarmed; lateral surface dorsomedial third rugose; long plumose setae on dorsal and ventral margins and in transverse row on mediolateral surface.

Antenna (fig. 34D) with segment V approximately 1.5 times longer than wide, with short plumose setae on dorsal and distal margins; flagellum with seven articles (n = 1), long plumose setae on dorsal, ventral, and distal margins. Segment IV almost cylindrical, overreaching segment III by one­third of its length, with long plumose setae on dorsal and distal margins, and two rows of setae on dorsolateral margin. Segment III with long plumose setae on ventral margin. Segment II widening distally, with plumose setae on dorsal margin and in short transverse mediodistal row; antennal acicle short, triangular, overreaching segment IV proximal margin by one­fourth of its length, with long plumose setae on dorsal margin. Segment I rounded proximally, flattened and truncated ventrolaterally, with long plumose setae on margins; lateral margin unarmed; segment with ventromesial antennal gland pore.

Mandible, maxillule, maxilla, maxilliped I, maxilliped II unknown.

Maxilliped III (fig. 34E) dactylus elongate and evenly rounded; long plumose setae on margins and in transverse row on lateral surface. Propodus with longitudinal median row of long plumose setae on lateral surface; margins with plumose setae. Carpus strongly produced onto propodus, reaching three­ fourths length of propodus; lateral surface with medial transverse row of plumose setae; plumose setae on margins. Merus unarmed, broadly inflated distolaterally, with long plumose setae on distolateral margin and short plumose setae scattered on lateral surface. Basis­ischium unknown. Exopod unknown, but presumed similar to other species in the genus with proximal segment small; distal segment styliform, tapering, without flagellum.

Pereopod I (fig. 35A) dactylus curved and tapering; lateral and mesial surfaces smooth; dorsal margin with small rugose area proximally, smooth distally; ventral margin with short simple setae. Propodus lateral surface with numerous short, transverse rows of setose rugae; dorsal margin with few small low ridges; ventral margin distally produced into acute spine; cutting edge lacking teeth, lined with long plumose setae; dorsal margin with short plumose setae, ventral margin with short simple setae. Carpus with dorsodistal angle rounded, dorsal margin smooth with short plumose setae; lateral surface with few transverse, setose ridges; mesial surface smooth. Merus unarmed; lateral surface with scattered transverse rows of short plumose setae, margins with long plumose setae. Basis­ischium and coxa unknown.

Pereopod II (fig. 35B) dactylus smooth; with base to heel slightly concave, heel produced and subquadrate, heel to tip with broad, acute indent, tip acute, tip to base broadly convex; lateral surface smooth with tufts of short simple setae at distal ends of heel and tip; mesial surface smooth, ventral margin with long plumose setae, dorsal margin with short simple setae, with patch of long plumose setae at base reaching across median of heel. Remainder of pereopod unknown.

Pereopod III (fig. 35C) dactylus base to heel broadly indented, heel acute, thin, and produced, heel to tip with broad, subquadrate indent, tip acute (from Sivertsen, 1934), tip to base smoothly convex; lateral surface smooth, with tufts of short setae at end of heel and tip, dorsodistal margin with tufts of short setae; ventral margin with long plumose setae, dorsal margin with short simple and plumose setae; mesial surface smooth. Propodus not inflated dorsoventrally; lateral surface smooth, with simple setae subdorsally, and long plumose setae on ventral margin; dorsolateral surface narrow, oblique, flattened; mesial surface with scattered long setae on and near distoventral margin. Carpus strongly produced dorsodistally and inflated, almost reaching distal margin of propodus, rounded; dorsolateral margin unarmed; lateral surface with mat of short setae on dorsodistal third of segment and long transverse row of setae medially and scattered on proximal lateral surface; dorsal margin with long plumose setae; mesial surface smooth, dorsomesial third decalcified. Merus smooth, lateral surface almost entirely decalcified; dorsal and ventral margins unarmed, with long plumose setae; laterodistal margin with long plumose setae; mesial surface smooth. Basis­ischium and coxa unknown.

Pereopod IV unknown.

Abdomen (fig. 35D) with somite I wider than long, widest posteriorly; dorsal surface with anterior margin straight; posterior margin concave, with elevated submarginal curved row of short setae and broad field of short simple setae anterior to submarginal row; with small faint transverse decalcified window laterad of segment median. Somite II anterior margin convex, posterior margin irregularly concave; pleura expanded and directed laterally, angled anterolaterally, rounded posterolaterally, small patch of short simple setae at posteromesial margin; anterior and lateral margins with long plumose setae, posterior margin with short setae. Somite III similar to somite II, narrower and shorter; pleura thinner and shorter than on somite II, directed laterally, with setae as in somite II; anterolateral angle acute; dorsal surface slightly obliquely flattened anterolaterally. Somite IV similar to somite III; pleura thinner and shorter than on somite III, directed anterolaterally; dorsal surface slightly obliquely flattened anterolaterally; margin with long plumose setae. Somites V and VI unknown.

Female with long uniramous pleopods on somites II–V; male unknown.

Telson of male unknown. Telson of female (fig. 35E) extremely damaged but appearing to be diamond­shaped and elongated, with strong narrow lateral projections; tip unknown.

DISTRIBUTION: Know only from the unique holotype from the Galápagos Islands.

MAXIMUM SIZE: Males: unknown; females: 7.2 mm cl.

TYPE SPECIMEN: ZMO F100 (holotype).

TYPE LOCALITY: Floreana Island, Galápagos Islands, Ecuador.

REMARKS: Although it may seem suprising that this species has not been collected subsequent to the holotype, it should be noted that Albunea galapagensis , n. sp. was unknown from the Galápagos prior to this work. This indicates that, in spite of the recognized biogeographic importance of the Galápagos Islands, and the intensive collecting that occurs there, many species from these islands are still poorly known.

Due to the poor condition of the dry holotype, only limited morphological details are known about this species. It is clearly a member of the ‘‘ venusta ­group’’ of species, and it appears to be the sister species to L. mexicana Efford. In fact, examination of the intact portions of the holotype shows this species to be almost identical to L. mexicana in many respects, such as the shape of the dactyli of pereopods II and III, and the shape of the telson. It differs from L. mexicana in the arrangement of CG4 and CG5. Further Galápagos material may show that this taxon and L. mexicana are conspecific. The range of this species would then be comparable with the only other Galápagos albuneid known, Albunea galapagensis , n. sp., which occurs both in the Galápagos and in the Gulf of California.

Lepidopa esposa Efford, 1971 Figures 36 , 37

Lepidopa esposa Efford, 1971: 94–96 , figs. 1o, 2i, 3q, 4c, 7g. – Haig, 1980: 290, fig. 19.7*. – Coêlho and Calado, 1987: 42–43, table 1. – Hendrickx, 1992: 7 (list). – Calado, 1995: 165– 166, pl. 39, fig. g, pl. 41, fig. f, pl. 52, figs. a– d. – Hendrickx and Harvey, 1999: 367 (list).

MATERIAL EXAMINED: Mexico: Sonora: Cholla Bay , Sept. 7, 1975, coll. J. R. Hendrickson: 2 Ƌ, 4.5–4.9 mm cl (LACM­AHF 75–108–1) ; Norse Beach near Cholla Bay , Nov. 13, 1975, coll. E. Snyder: 1 ♀, 10.0 mm cl ( LACM­AHF 16801 ) ; Baja California Sur: Bahia La Paz , gulf side, 1905, coll. Diguet: 1 Ƌ, 8.5 mm cl, holotype ( MNHN­ Hi 82) .

DIAGNOSIS: Carapace wider than long, with lightly setose grooves. Anterior margin with two large spines lateral to ocular sinus. CG5 absent; CG8 present; CG10 absent; posterior submarginal groove reaching to lateral margin of posterior concavity. Rostrum present, rounded and armed with ventral acute spine. Distal peduncular segments dorsoventrally flattened, ovate, distal margin smooth. Cornea absent, but pigmented notch present. Antennal segment I unarmed. Dactylus of pereopod II with heel produced and rounded. Dactylus of pereopod III with heel thin, pro­ jecting, acute. Dactylus of pereopod IV with produced acute heel and deep indent. Telson of male spatulate, with length subequal to width, proximal half of lateral margins convex, distal half concave, produced into short rounded tip; weakly calcified except in proximal third.

DESCRIPTION: Carapace (fig. 36A) wider than long. Anterior margin concave and with one large spine on either side of ocular sinus. Rostrum as acute projection reaching beyond median peduncular segments, with submarginal and terminal acute spine. Ocular sinus smoothly concave to convex laterally; unarmed. Frontal region smooth; setal field reduced to narrow band anterior to CG1, broadest and concave in median. CG1 parallel to anterior margin of carapace, sinuous, slightly crenulate, with medial fragment and lateral elements united. Mesogastric region smooth; CG2 absent; CG3 absent; CG4 with eight very short submedial fragments scattered at mesial end of lateral long oblique elements. Hepatic region smooth, with setose groove and short, blunt spine at midpoint of lateral margin (holotype illustrated is damaged on right side). Epibranchial region generally triangular, smooth; posterolateral margin with three short rows of setae. Metagastric region smooth; CG5 absent. CG6 crenulate, with oblique long, lateral fragments and three very short elements scattered slightly posteriorly to mesial end of lateral fragments. CG7 straight relative to anterior margin of carapace and separate from CG6, short gap at median. Cardiac region smooth; CG8 with four very short elements parallel to CG 7 in median of cardiac region. CG9 absent. CG10 absent. CG11 absent. Branchial region with few setose punctae. Posterior margin deeply convex medially and straight laterally, with submarginal groove reaching to lateral margin of posterior concavity. Branchiostegite without short anterior submarginal spine; anterior region with anterodorsal groove and granular surface; with many short setae; posterior region membranous with numerous irregular fragments and sparsely covered with long plumose setae.

Ocular plate (fig. 36B) covered by carapace; median peduncular segments reduced to small rounded calcified area anterolateral to ocular plate. Distal peduncular segments elongate, smoothly rounded and flattened with convex lateral margins; notch present on lateral margin one­third from proximal margin; mesial margins separated along entire length; mesial and lateral margins with sparse row of short plumose setae.

Antennule (fig. 36C) with segment III with narrow proximally, expanding distally to twice proximal width; with plumose setae on dorsal margin; dorsal exopodal flagellum with 12+ articles (12 in only extant, broken antennule of holotype), long plumose setae on dorsal margin; ventral endopodal flagellum short with two articles and plumose setae on dorsal margin. Segment II medially inflated in dorsal view, with plumose setae on ventral margin. Segment I wider than long, unarmed; lateral surface dorsodistal third rugose, with long plumose setae; long plumose setae on dorsal and ventral margins.

Antenna (fig. 36D) with segment V approximately as long as wide, with short plu­ mose setae on dorsal and ventral margins; flagellum with seven or more articles (holotype with five on one broken antenna, seven on other), long plumose setae on dorsal, ventral, and distal margins. Segment IV almost cylindrical, overreaching segment III by onehalf of its length, with long plumose setae on dorsal, ventral, and distal margins and row of setae on dorsolateral margin. Segment III with long plumose setae on ventral margin. Segment II widening distally, with plumose setae on margins; antennal acicle short, triangular, overreaching segment IV proximal margin by one­fourth of its length, with long plumose setae on dorsal margin. Segment I rounded proximally, flattened and truncate ventrolaterally, with long plumose setae on margins; lateral surface without spine; segment with ventromesial antennal gland pore.

Mandible (fig. 36E) incisor process with one tooth; cutting edge with one tooth. Palp three­segmented, with plumose setae on margins and long, thick, simple setae arising from bend in second segment.

Maxillule unknown.

Maxilla (fig. 36F) exopod rounded, with plumose setae along distal margin. Scaphognathite bluntly angled on posterior lobe, with plumose setae.

Maxilliped I (fig. 36G) epipod with plumose setae on distal margin and on distolateral surface. Endite tapered distally and subequal to first segment of exopod. Exopod with two segments; proximal segment narrow, margins parallel, margins with plumose setae; distal segment spatulate, approximately as long as wide, broadest medially, margins with long plumose setae. Endopod flattened and elongate, reaching to distal end of proximal exopodal segment, with plumose setae on margins.

Maxilliped II (fig. 36H) dactylus evenly rounded, length equal to width, with thick simple setae distally. Propodus 1.5 times wider than long, with plumose setae on dorsal margin and long simple setae on distal margin. Carpus not strongly produced dorsodistally, approximately two times longer than wide, with long simple setae on dorsal margin. Merus more than two times longer than wide, margins parallel but slightly inflated basally, with simple setae on ventrolateral margin and plumose setae on dorso­ lateral margin. Basis­ischium incompletely fused, with plumose setae on margins. Exopod one­third longer than merus, flagellum with one short article.

Maxilliped III (fig. 36I) dactylus evenly rounded, with long plumose setae on margins and lateral surface. Propodus with longitudinal median row of plumose setae on lateral surface; margins with plumose setae. Carpus strongly produced onto propodus, overreaching propodus by three­fourths of its length; lateral surface with row of plumose setae ventromedially, plumose setae on margins. Merus unarmed, broadly inflated medially, with plumose setae on margins. Basis­ischium incompletely fused, without crista dentata. Exopod two­segmented; proximal segment small; distal segment styliform, tapering, approximately one­third length of merus, with plumose setae on margins; without flagellum.

Pereopod I (fig. 37A) dactylus curved and tapering; lateral and mesial surfaces smooth; dorsal margin with long plumose and short simple setae; ventral margin with short simple setae. Propodal lateral surface with numerous short, transverse rows of setose rugae; dorsal margin with few small, low spines; ventral margin distally produced into acute spine; cutting edge lacking teeth, lined with long plumose setae; dorsal margin with short plumose setae, ventral margin with short simple setae. Carpus with dorsodistal angle rounded, dorsal margin smooth, with short plumose setae; lateral surface with few transverse, setose ridges; mesial surface smooth, with few scattered rows of long plumose setae, margins with short plumose setae. Merus unarmed; lateral surface with scattered transverse rows of long plumose setae, margins with long plumose setae; mesial surface with few short rows of setae; proximal third of mesial surface with decalcified window. Basis­ischium incompletely fused, unarmed. Coxa with small posteromesial tubercle.

Pereopod II (fig. 37B) dactylus smooth; with base to heel almost straight, heel smoothly rounded, heel to tip with narrow, acute indent, tip acute, tip to base broadly convex; lateral surface smooth, with one or two small tufts of short setae proximally, several widely spaced, submarginal tufts of short setae dorsodistally; mesial surface smooth, ventral margin with long plumose setae, dorsal margin with short simple setae, with patch of long plumose setae at base. Propodus with dorsal surface smooth, ventral margin inflated and rounded; distal and ventral margins with long plumose setae; dorsolateral surface as narrow, oblique, flattened shelf, with long plumose setae on ventral margin; mesial surface with ventral row of setae. Carpus strongly produced dorsodistally; lateral surface nearly smooth, with irregular, interrupted row of rugae and submarginal elevated ridge ventrally, rugae and ridge with long plumose setae; distal margins with long plumose setae; mesial surface smooth, with long plumose setae in scattered patches in line subdorsally and on margins. Merus lateral surface almost entirely decalcified, with few scattered setae on surface and margins; mesial surface nearly smooth, with oblique median ridge, long plumose setae patches dorsal to ridge and in row ventrally, with decalcified area on proximal half of area dorsal to ridge. Basis­ischium incompletely fused and unarmed. Coxa with small mesioproximal tubercle.

Pereopod III (fig. 37C) dactylus with base to heel broadly indented, heel acute and produced, inflated medially, heel to tip with broad, evenly rounded indent, tip acute, tip to base smoothly convex; lateral surface smooth, with tufts of short setae at end of heel and tip and at inflated median of heel, dorsodistal margin with tufts of short setae; ventromesial margin with long plumose setae, dorsal margin with short simple and plumose setae; mesial surface smooth with plumose setae proximally at junction with propodus. Propodus not inflated dorsoventrally; lateral surface smooth, with simple setae on dorsal margins, and long plumose setae on ventral margin; dorsolateral surface narrow, oblique, flattened; mesial surface with scattered long setae on and near distal margin. Carpus strongly produced dorsodistally and inflated, reaching distal margin of propodus, pointed but not acute; dorsolateral margin unarmed; lateral surface with mat of short setae on distal third of segment and two longer rows of setae ventrally; mesial surface smooth, with long plumose setae on margins and in median transverse row. Merus smooth, lateral surface almost entirely decalcified; dorsal and ventral margins unarmed, with long plumose setae; laterodistal margin with long plumose setae; mesial surface smooth, with small decalcified window at junction with basis­ischium. Basis­ischium incompletely fused and unarmed. Coxa with small mesioproximal tubercle. Female pereopod III unknown; male with small pore.

Pereopod IV (fig. 37D) dactylus with base to heel slightly concave, heel acute, heel to tip broadly rounded and concave, tip acute, tip to base convex; lateral surface smooth, ventral margin with long plumose setae, dorsal margin with short simple setae; mesial surface with dorsal decalcified region, demarcated ventrally by longitudinal elevated ridge across heel with row of short setae. Propodus expanded dorsally and ventrally; ventral expansion not exceeding ventral margin of dactylus, margin with long plumose setae; dorsal expansion with row of long plumose setae medially; lateral and mesial surfaces smooth. Carpus not produced dorsodistally; lateral and mesial surfaces smooth; lateral surface with distal two­thirds decalcified; dorsal margin with small mat of short setae at dorsodistal angle, short simple and long plumose setae on margin; ventral margin with short simple setae. Merus with lateral surface with scattered short transverse rows of setae, dorsal and ventrodistal margins with long plumose setae; mesial surface with large decalcified window proximoventrally. Basis­ischium incompletely fused and unarmed. Coxa unarmed.

Abdomen (fig. 37E) with somite I approximately as long as wide, widest posteriorly; dorsal surface with anterior margin straight; posterior margin straight, with elevated submarginal row of short setae; with small transverse decalcified windows laterad of segment median. Somite II dorsal surface with submarginal transverse ridge anteriorly; pleura expanded and directed laterally; dorsolateral margin angled, posterolateral margin round­ ed, anterior and lateral margins with long plumose setae, posterior margin with short setae. Somite III similar to somite II, but narrower, shorter, and lacking anterior submarginal ridge; small tuft of short thick setae on posterolateral angle; pleura thinner and short­ er than on somite II, directed anterolaterally, with setae as in somite II, but reaching onto anterior margin of somite; anterolateral angle acute; dorsal surface obliquely flattened anterolaterally. Somite IV similar to somite III, but thinner and shorter; pleura thinner and shorter than on somite III, directed anterolaterally; dorsal surface obliquely flattened anterolaterally; margin with long plumose setae. Somite V wider than somite IV; lateral margins with plumose setae and two short rows of setae posterolaterally; pleura distinct from somite, shorter than in somite IV, thin, flattened and directed anteriorly. Somite VI narrower than somite V in width; dorsal surface with short transverse rows of setae laterad of midline anteriorly; pleura absent.

Female pleopods unknown; males with reduced pleopods.

Telson of male (fig. 37F) spatulate, with length subequal to width, proximal half of lateral margins convex, distal half concave, produced into short rounded tip; weakly calcified except in proximal third; median longitudinal groove short, not extending to distal end of calcified area, without setae; calcified plate not elevated medially; two oblique rows of setae just distal to calcified region. Telson of female (fig. 37G) similar to male, with less produced lateral expansions.

DISTRIBUTION: Known only from Sonora and Baja California Sur, Mexico ; depth range unknown.

MAXIMUM SIZE: Males: 8.5 mm cl; females: 10.0 mm cl.

TYPE SPECIMEN: MNHN­Hi 82 (holotype).

TYPE LOCALITY: Bahia La Paz, Baja California Sur (Gulf side), Mexico.

REMARKS: Calado (1995) saw no material of this species and redescribed it based on the description and illustrations of Efford (1971).

This species is a member of the ‘‘ venusta ­ group’’ and it appears most closely related to L. chilensis .

Lepidopa websteri Benedict, 1903 Figures 38 , 39

Figures

Fig. 30. Lepidopa luciae, n. sp.: A, ♀, 11.4 mm cl, AMNH 17533, holotype; B–J, ♀, 12.1 mm cl, USNM 143381, paratype. A. Carapace, branchiostegite, and ocular peduncles, dorsal view. B. Ocular peduncles, dorsal view. C. Left antennule, lateral view. D. Left antenna, lateral view. E. Left mandible, mesial view. F. Left maxillule, lateral view. G. Left maxilla, lateral view. H. Left maxilliped I, lateral view. I. Left maxilliped II, lateral view. J. Left maxilliped III, lateral view. Scale = 2.1 mm (E, F), 2.2 mm (B), 3.3 mm (C, I, J), and 4.4 mm (A, D, G, H).

Fig. 31. Lepidopa luciae, n. sp.: A–E, G, ♀, 12.1 mm cl, USNM 143381, paratype; F, Ƌ, 8.8 mm cl, BMNH 1890.10.7.152–156, paratype. A. Left pereopod I, lateral view. B. Left pereopod II, lateral view. C. Left pereopod III, lateral view. D. Left pereopod IV, lateral view. E. Abdominal somites I– VI, dorsal view. F. Telson of Ƌ, dorsal view. G. Telson of ♀, dorsal view. Scale = 1.4 mm (F), 3.0 mm (G), and 4.4 mm (A–E).

Fig. 32. Lepidopa mexicana Efford, 1971: A, oviger, 9.4 mm cl, USNM 62384, holotype; B–J, ♀, 7.5 mm cl, USNM 304312. A. Carapace, branchiostegite, and left ocular peduncle, dorsal view. B. Ocular peduncles, dorsal view. C. Left antennule, lateral view. D. Left antenna, lateral view. E. Left mandible, mesial view. F. Left maxillule, lateral view. G. Left maxilla, lateral view. H. Left maxilliped I, lateral view. I. Left maxilliped II, lateral view. J. Left maxilliped III, lateral view. Scale = 1.1 mm (F), 1.4 mm (B), 1.6 mm (E, I), 2.2 mm (C, D, G, H, J), and 3.3 mm (A).

Fig. 33. Lepidopa mexicana Efford, 1971: A–E, G, ♀, 7.5 mm cl, USNM 304312; F, Ƌ, 8.5 mm cl, USNM 62448. A. Left pereopod I, lateral view. B. Left pereopod II, lateral view. C. Left pereopod III, lateral view. D. Left pereopod IV, lateral view. E. Abdominal somites I–VI, dorsal view. F. Telson of Ƌ, dorsal view. G. Telson of ♀, dorsal view. Scale = 1.6 mm (F, G), 2.2 mm (E), and 3.0 mm (A– D).

Fig. 34. Lepidopa wollebaeki Sivertsen, 1934: A–E, ♀, 7.2 mm cl, ZMO F100, holotype. A. Carapace, left branchiostegite, and right ocular peduncle, dorsal view. B. Ocular peduncles (reconstructed), dorsal view. C. Right antennule, lateral view. D. Right antenna, lateral view. E. Left maxilliped III, lateral view. Scale = 1.4 mm (B), 1.6 mm (C), 2.2 mm (D, E), and 2.3 mm (A).

Fig. 35. Lepidopa wollebaeki Sivertsen, 1934: A–E, ♀, 7.2 mm cl, ZMO F100, holotype. A. Left pereopod I, lateral view. B. Left pereopod II dactylus, lateral view. C. Right pereopod III, lateral view. D. Abdominal somites I–IV, dorsal view. F. Telson of ♀, dorsal view. Scale = 1.1 mm (E), 1.6 mm (B), and 2.2 mm (A, C, D).

Fig. 36. Lepidopa esposa Efford, 1971: A–I, Ƌ, 8.5 mm cl, MNHN­Hi 82, holotype. A. Carapace, left branchiostegite, and left ocular peduncle, dorsal view. B. Right ocular peduncle, dorsal view. C. Right antennule, lateral view. D. Right antenna, lateral view. E. Left mandible, mesial view. F. Left maxilla, lateral view. G. Left maxilliped I, lateral view. H. Left maxilliped II, lateral view. I. Left maxilliped III, lateral view. Scale = 1.1 mm (H), 1.6 mm (E), 2.1 mm (B), and 3.3 mm (A, C, D, F, G, I).

Fig. 37. Lepidopa esposa Efford, 1971: A–F, Ƌ, 8.5 mm cl, MNHN­Hi 82, holotype; G, ♀, 10.0 mm, LACM 168–01. A. Left pereopod I, lateral view. B. Left pereopod II, lateral view. C. Left pereopod III, lateral view. D. Left pereopod IV, lateral view. E. Abdominal somites I–VI, dorsal view. F. Telson of Ƌ, dorsal view. G. Telson of ♀, dorsal view. Scale = 1.6 mm (F), 2.2 mm (G), 3.3 mm (A–D), and 4.4 mm (E).

Fig. 38. Lepidopa websteri Benedict, 1903: A–J, Ƌ, 7.1 mm cl, MCZ 13225. A. Carapace and ocular peduncles, dorsal view. B. Ocular peduncles, dorsal view. C. Left antennule, lateral view. D. Left antenna, lateral view. E. Left mandible, mesial view. F. Left maxillule, lateral view. G. Left maxilla, lateral view. H. Left maxilliped I, lateral view. I. Left maxilliped II, lateral view. J. Left maxilliped III, lateral view. Scale = 1.4 mm (F), 1.6 mm (B, E), 2.2 mm (C, G, I), 3.0 mm (J), 3.3 mm (D, H), and 4.4 mm (A).

Fig. 39. Lepidopa websteri Benedict, 1903: A–F, Ƌ, 7.1 mm cl, MCZ 13225; G, ♀, 7.9 mm cl, MCZ 13225. A. Left pereopod I, lateral view. B. Right pereopod II, lateral view. C. Right pereopod III, lateral view. D. Left pereopod IV, lateral view. E. Abdominal somites I–VI, dorsal view. F. Telson of Ƌ, dorsal view. G. Telson of ♀, dorsal view. Scale = 1.6 mm (F), 1.7 mm (G), 3.3 mm (A–D), and 4.4 mm (E).