Ctenophora saxonica (Kütz.) D.M.Williams & Van de Vijver 2023

Williams, David M. & Vijver, Bart Van De, 2023, The diatom genus Ctenophora: A discussion on its morphology, relationships, and some species, Phytotaxa 632 (1), pp. 1-26 : 9-13

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.11646/phytotaxa.632.1.1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10456233

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A2119C6C-FFDF-2346-FF73-F98CFE233B99

treatment provided by

Plazi

scientific name

Ctenophora saxonica (Kütz.) D.M.Williams & Van de Vijver
status

comb. nov.

Ctenophora saxonica (Kütz.) D.M.Williams & Van de Vijver , comb. nov. ( Figs 32–52 View FIGURES 32–40 View FIGURE 41–45 View FIGURE 46–49 View FIGURES 50–52 )

Basionym: Synedra saxonica Kütz. 1844 , Die kieselschaligen Bacillarien oder Diatomeen: 68, pl. 15, fig. XIV (see Figs 32–34 View FIGURES 32–40 )

Synonym: Synedra pulchella var. saxonica (Kütz.) Grunow in Van Heurck 1881, pl. 41, fig. 3 (see Figs 39, 40 View FIGURES 32–40 )

Ctenophora pulchella var. saxonica (Kütz.) H.Schönf. 1907: 104 , 248, invalid

Registration: http://phycobank.org/104111 (name); http://phycobank.org/104119 (type)

TYPE:— GERMANY, “[…] in süssen und salzigen Gewässern an Conferven […]” ( Kützing 1833: 561, 1834a: 33) ; “In lacu salso ad Confervam flavescentenem [ Cladophora flavescens ] prope Rollsdorf, fl. Halens” ( Kützing 1834b [ 1833], Dec. VIII, no. 74), see https://data. nhm.ac.uk/object/44e566fe-37b5-45b6-8e47-9da9a9e79d08 ; “An C. flavescens im Salzsee bei Rollsdorf” (in Flora 17(45): 716, 1834) ; “Im salzigen See [Salzsee] bei Eisleben an Cladophora flavescens ! im Flensburger Meerbusen an Ectocarpus : Binder!” ( Kützing 1844: 68), BM 18344 !, https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/44e566fe-37b5-45b6-8e47-9da9a9e79d08, “Salzsee” (‘Kützing 166’, see Fig. 34 View FIGURES 32–40 , specimens Figs 35–8 View FIGURES 32–40 ) , “Salzee | Kützing”, see https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/ 24051470 -3546-4bb4-b01d-c5262e934f85, lectotype designated here .

Valves lanceolate, gradually tapering towards sub-capitate poles; length ca. 51–97μm, width ca. 4–6μm ( Figs 35–38 View FIGURES 32–40 , 41 View FIGURE 41–45 , measurements based on type specimens only). Sternum narrow, but linear, regular, slightly narrowing towards poles ( Figs 35–38 View FIGURES 32–40 , 41–44 View FIGURE 41–45 ). Meeting square to broadly circular-oblong shaped ‘central area’, not buttressed, simply series of infilled virgae and vimines, not extending on mantle ( Figs 42 View FIGURE 41–45 , 47 View FIGURE 46–49 , arrows on Fig. 47 View FIGURE 46–49 ); ‘ghost striae’ present, faint ( Fig. 42 View FIGURE 41–45 ). Sternum meeting and integrated with virgae, both same size; vimines reduced in size relative to virgae ( Figs 45 View FIGURE 41–45 , 47, 49 View FIGURE 46–49 ), appearing as mesh-work with ca. 6–8 strutted closing plate, circular with smaller pores at centre ( Figs 45 View FIGURE 41–45 , 47, 49 View FIGURE 46–49 ). Striae (= virgae+vimines) 13–14 (?) in 10μm, areolae ca. 20 (?) in 10μm, regularly spaced, parallel, extending onto mantle, in ca. 4 ‘rows’ ( Figs 45 View FIGURE 41–45 , 47, 49 View FIGURE 46–49 ). Apical pore field as ocellulimbus (sunken pore field), composed of 5 x 7 rows/ columns of pores, situated entirely on valve mantle ( Figs 45 View FIGURE 41–45 , 47, 49 View FIGURE 46–49 ). Spines absent. Rimoportulae simple, composed of (internally) paired lips situated on or adjacent to virga, externally occur between virgae, one at each pole, externally centred ( Figs 43–6 View FIGURE 41–45 , arrow in Fig. 45 View FIGURE 41–45 ). Girdle composed of two (?) open bands, VC plus one C ( Fig. 49 View FIGURE 46–49 ); VC plain, pi with crenulated edge to fit virgae, central smooth area to fit ‘central area’; pe separated with ridge, ca. four times larger than pi ( Fig. 49 View FIGURE 46–49 , arrows). Open portions of VC meet at pole, aligned horizontally ( Fig. 49 View FIGURE 46–49 ).

In the protologue for Synedra saxonica, Kützing (1844: 68) refers to specimens he had previously named Exilaria fasciculata ( Kützing 1833: 561, taf. 15, fig. 40, Kützing 1834a: 33, taf. III, fig. 40; Kützing 1834b [ 1833]: Dec. VIII, no. 74, see Figs 50–52 View FIGURES 50–52 ). In this earlier account, Kützing attributed the name Exilaria fasciculata to Greville and provided a list of synonyms ( Kützing 1833: 561, and Kützing 1834a: 32; in Kützing 1834b [ 1833]: no. 74, he cites just the two Greville publications; all of these synonyms are summarised in Table 4 View TABLE 4 ). In addition, he offered an additional sub-taxon (with no specified rank) with the name “β Frustulis longioribus ” itself with two synonyms ( Table 4 View TABLE 4 ). Inspection of all the specimens related to these names is beyond the scope of this paper but potential synonym to one side, the name Synedra saxonica can be interpreted as the given valid name for Exilaria fasciculata sensu Kützing (1834b [ 1833]: Dec. VIII, no. 74). The locality details given for Synedra saxonica in Kützing (1844) and Exilaria fasciculata sensu Kützing are (almost) identical and one might conclude they are based on the same material.

Kützing wrote “Diese Art ist sehr häufig verbreitet, in süssen und salzigen Gewässern an Conferven, auch fand ich sie an Melosira varians und orichalcea und sogar an den Frustulen der Exilaria crystallina in der Soole bei Artern, aus der Ostsee erhielt ich sie von Herrn Lieutenant v. Suhr und Herrn Pastor Frölich” ( Kützing 1833: 561, Kützing 1834a: 33). The reference to Lieutenant v. Suhr (Johannes Nicolaus von Suhr, 1792–1847) implies that Kützing may have been referring to the specimens later named ‘ Exilaria notata’ Suhr (in Kützing 1849: 47, nom. nud.). This name (‘designation’) was invalidly published as it was placed directly into synonymy with Synedra fasciculata (C.Agardh) Kütz. by Kützing (1849: 47, “ Exilaria notata Suhr Herb. ”; In Prep.; Baltic Sea [‘mer Baltique’], BM 18319, ‘Kützing 1166’). The name ‘ Exilaria notata ’ occurs only rarely in synonymy lists and is most likely derived from the entry in de Toni (1892: 662, e.g. Hustedt 1931: 218). It is unlikely anyone has studied Kützing’s “ Exilaria notata Suhr ”: the specimens are actually of a species of Tabularia (Kütz.) D.M.Williams & Round see Williams pers. obs.).

No material has yet been identified as original specimens of ‘ Exilaria fasciculata β Frustulis longioribus ’.

Synedra pulchella var. saxonica (Kütz.) Grunow (in Van Heurck 1881: pl. 41, fig. 3) is based on material from “Salzsee” (‘Kützing 166’).

TABLE 4: Synonyms Exilaria fasciculata according to Kützing (1833, 1834a); in Kützing 1834b [1833] only the two Greville publications are noted (marked here with a *).

Exilaria fasciculata Grev. Kütz. Scottish cryptogamic flora Algarum aquae dulcis Germanicarum 5, pl. 298, fig. 3a [no.74] Dec.VIII 1827* 1834 b [1833]
Echinella fasciculata Jürg. Algae Aquatica Dec. XI [p. 3, no. 8] 1822
  Grev. Scottish cryptogamic flora 1, pl. 16, figs 1—3 1823*
  Hornem. Icones plantarum sponte nascentium in Regno Daniae (Fl. Dan.) Tab. 1957, fig. 3? 1810
Diatoma fasciculatum C.Agardh Conspectus Criticus Diatomacearum p. 51 1832
Frustulia parasitica Diatoma parasiticum C.Agardh C.Agardh Exilaria fasciculata “β Frustulis longioribus ” Syst. Alg. Algarum aquae dulcis Germanicarum p. 2 p. 50 1824 1832

Kingdom

Chromista

Phylum

Ochrophyta

Class

Bacillariophyceae

Order

Fragilariales

Family

Fragilariaceae

Genus

Ctenophora

Loc

Ctenophora saxonica (Kütz.) D.M.Williams & Van de Vijver

Williams, David M. & Vijver, Bart Van De 2023
2023
Loc

Ctenophora pulchella var. saxonica (Kütz.) H.Schönf. 1907: 104

H. Schonf. 1907: 104
1907
Loc

Synedra saxonica Kütz. 1844

, Kutzing 1844
1844
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