Peiyuia changbaiensis Zhu & Shi, 2024

Zhu, Pingzhou, Shi, Hongliang, Liu, Shengdong & Liang, Hongbin, 2024, A new genus and a new species of Sphodrini (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from Changbai Mountain, China, with notes on the tribe, Zootaxa 5519 (1), pp. 90-102 : 94-98

Peiyuia changbaiensis Zhu & Shi , gen. nov., sp. nov.

Chinese common name: ẗn佩ľ±ş (Cháng Bái Pèi Yù Bù Jiă)

Figures. 1–8

Type locality. China, Jilin: Changbai Mountain (42.1077°N, 128.0957°E), altitude 1415 m .

Holotype ( BFU): male, body length = 8.5 mm, plastic film mounted, genitalia dissected and glued on plastic film pinned under specimen, “ Jilin Prov. Antu County, North slope of Changbaishan mt. , Dixiasenlin, N42.1077, E128.0957, 1415 m ”, “ 2019.VIII.06, night, Shi HL, Yang GY, Liu YZ & Wang C, Exp. 2019 of BJFU ẗnƜ北坡 地下ũö ”, “HOLOTYPE ♂ Peiyuia changbaiensis gen. nov., sp. nov. des. ZHU & SHI 2024” [red label].

Paratypes (a total of 36 males and 64 females): 12 males and 2 females ( BFU), the same data as holotype but labels as paratype ; 1 female ( BFU), “ Jilin, Antu, North slope of Changbaishan mt. , waterfall of Tianchi , alpine meadow, N42.0373, E128.0544, 1959 m ”, “ Pitfall trap, 2019.VIII.7, Shi HL, Yang GY, Liu YZ & Wang C lgt., Exp. 2019 of BJFU ẗnƜ北坡天àāss ” ; 1 male ( BFU), “ Jilin, Baishan City , Changbai County, E of Changsongling tunnel, mixed forest, N41.7398 E128.0221, 1330 m ”, “ Pitfall trap, 2019.VIII.9, Shi HL, Liu YZ lgt., Exp. 2019 of BJFU ẗn县ẗūĸãDz东口 ” ; 1 male ( IZAS), “ CHINA, Jilin Province, Erdaobaihe Town , Huangsongpu, N42.23184, E128.17466, 1023 m, 2015.VII.28 N, Liang Hongbin, Yuan Feng, river bank” ; 1 male ( IZAS), “ CHINA, Jilin Provin. Changbaishan , 1993.VII.2–4, Yu Peiyu lgt.” ; 1 male and 1 female ( CWTQ), “ 吉 öȃ延ẖƌüâuäńae图县ẗnƜ北DZẗnāss, ẽṅö下 40 cm ḃƃ, N42.041612, E128.060697, 1942.3 m, 2023.VII.21, ƚkDz NJ ” [Jilin Province, Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, Antu County, North slope of Changbaishan Mountain , waterfall of Tianchi, Betula ermanii forestry, in stones of 40 cm below ground, Wang Taoqi lgt.] ; 1 female ( IZAS), “ CHINA, Jilin Province, Yanbian Prefecture, Antu County, North slope of Changbaishan Mountain , pitfall trap, site 18, 1600 m, 42.088766°N, 128.070250°E, 2012.VII.12, Zou Yi lgt.” ; 1 male ( IZAS), “ CHINA, Jilin Province, Yanbian Prefecture, Antu County, North slope of Changbaishan Mountain , pitfall trap, site 22, 1600 m, 42.087716°N, 128.073766°E, 2012.VII.12, Zou Yi lgt.” ; 1 male ( IZAS), “ CHINA, Jilin Province, Yanbian Prefecture, Antu County, North slope of Changbaishan Mountain , pitfall trap, site 15, 1740 m, 42.067466°N, 128.065366°E, 2012.VIII.14, Zou Yi lgt.” ; 1 male ( IZAS), “ CHINA, Jilin Province, Yanbian Prefecture, Antu County, North slope of Changbaishan Mountain , pitfall trap, site 126, 1820 m, 42.062783°N, 128.063550°E, 2012.VIII.14, Zou Yi lgt.” ; 1 male and 1 female ( IZAS), “ CHINA, Jilin Province, Yanbian Prefecture, Antu County, North slope of Changbaishan Mountain , pitfall trap, site 189, 1960 m, 42.057466°N, 128.065633°E, 2012.VIII.14, Zou Yi lgt.” ; 1 female ( BHU), “ CHINA, Jilin Province, Yanbian Prefecture, Antu County, North slope of Changbaishan Mountain , pitfall trap, site 2, 890 m, 42.318222°N, 128.121833°E, 2019.VI.15, Liu Shengdong lgt.” ; 1 female ( BHU), “ CHINA, Jilin Province, Yanbian Prefecture, Antu County, North slope of Changbaishan Mountain , pitfall trap, site 3, 1050 m, 42.232250°N, 128.128361°E, 2019.VIII.31, Liu Shengdong lgt.” ; 1 female ( BHU), “ CHINA, Jilin Province, Yanbian Prefecture, Antu County, North slope of Changbaishan Mountain , pitfall trap, site 4, 1200 m, 42.155333°N, 128.142222°E, 2019.IX.16, Liu Shengdong lgt.” ; 1 male ( BHU), “ CHINA, Jilin Province, Yanbian Prefecture, Antu County, North slope of Changbaishan Mountain , pitfall trap, site 4, 1200 m, 42.155333°N, 128.142222°E, 2019.VIII.16, Liu Shengdong lgt.” ; 1 female ( BHU), “ CHINA, Jilin Province, Yanbian Prefecture, Antu County, North slope of Changbaishan Mountain , pitfall trap, site 5, 1380 m, 42.107722°N, 128.095000°E, 2019.V.31, Liu Shengdong lgt.” ; 1 female ( BHU), “ CHINA, Jilin Province, Yanbian Prefecture, Antu County, North slope of Changbaishan Mountain , pitfall trap, site 5, 1380 m, 42.107722°N, 128.095000°E, 2019.VI.15, Liu Shengdong lgt.” ; 2 females ( BHU), “ CHINA, Jilin Province, Yanbian Prefecture, Antu County, North slope of Changbaishan Mountain , pitfall trap, site 5, 1380 m, 42.107722°N, 128.095000°E, 2019.VIII.16, Liu Shengdong lgt.” ; 2 males and 4 females ( BHU), “ CHINA, Jilin Province, Yanbian Prefecture, Antu County, North slope of Changbaishan Mountain , pitfall trap, site 5, 1380 m, 42.107722°N, 128.095000°E, 2019.VIII.31, Liu Shengdong lgt.” ; 1 male and 4 females ( BHU), “ CHINA, Jilin Province, Yanbian Prefecture, Antu County, North slope of Changbaishan Mountain , pitfall trap, site 5, 1380 m, 42.107722°N, 128.095000°E, 2019.IX.16, Liu Shengdong lgt.” ; 1 male and 1 female ( BHU), “ CHINA, Jilin Province, Yanbian Prefecture, Antu County, North slope of Changbaishan Mountain , pitfall trap, site 6, 1560 m, 42.087111°N, 128.075028°E, 2019.VII.16, Liu Shengdong lgt.” ; 1 female ( BHU), “ CHINA, Jilin Province, Yanbian Prefecture, Antu County, North slope of Changbaishan Mountain , pitfall trap, site 6, 1560 m, 42.087111°N, 128.075028°E, 2019.VII.30, Liu Shengdong lgt.” ; 3 females ( BHU), “ CHINA, Jilin Province, Yanbian Prefecture, Antu County, North slope of Changbaishan Mountain , pitfall trap, site 6, 1560 m, 42.087111°N, 128.075028°E, 2019.VIII.16, Liu Shengdong lgt.” ; 3 females ( BHU), “ CHINA, Jilin Province, Yanbian Prefecture, Antu County, North slope of Changbaishan Mountain , pitfall trap, site 6, 1560 m, 42.087111°N, 128.075028°E, 2019.IX.16, Liu Shengdong lgt.” ; 1 male ( BHU), “ CHINA, Jilin Province, Yanbian Prefecture, Antu County, North slope of Changbaishan Mountain , pitfall trap, site 7, 1670 m, 42.074417°N, 128.066500°E, 2019.VI.15, Liu Shengdong lgt.” ; 2 males and 2 females ( BHU), “ CHINA, Jilin Province, Yanbian Prefecture, Antu County, North slope of Changbaishan Mountain , pitfall trap, site 7, 1670 m, 42.074417°N, 128.066500°E, 2019.VI.30, Liu Shengdong lgt.” ; 1 female ( BHU), “ CHINA, Jilin Province, Yanbian Prefecture, Antu County, North slope of Changbaishan Mountain , pitfall trap, site 7, 1670 m, 42.074417°N, 128.066500°E, 2019.VII.16, Liu Shengdong lgt.” ; 1 female ( BHU), “ CHINA, Jilin Province, Yanbian Prefecture, Antu County, North slope of Changbaishan Mountain , pitfall trap, site 7, 1670 m, 42.074417°N, 128.066500°E, 2019.VII.30, Liu Shengdong lgt.” ; 2 males and 5 females ( BHU), “ CHINA, Jilin Province, Yanbian Prefecture, Antu County, North slope of Changbaishan Mountain , pitfall trap, site 7, 1670 m, 42.074417°N, 128.066500°E, 2019.VIII.16, Liu Shengdong lgt.” ; 2 males and 4 females ( BHU), “ CHINA, Jilin Province, Yanbian Prefecture, Antu County, North slope of Changbaishan Mountain , pitfall trap, site 7, 1670 m, 42.074417°N, 128.066500°E, 2019.VIII.31, Liu Shengdong lgt.” ; 1 male and 5 females ( BHU), “ CHINA, Jilin Province, Yanbian Prefecture, Antu County, North slope of Changbaishan Mountain , pitfall trap, site 7, 1670 m, 42.074417°N, 128.066500°E, 2019.IX.16, Liu Shengdong lgt.” ; 1 female ( BHU), “ CHINA, Jilin Province, Yanbian Prefecture, Antu County, North slope of Changbaishan Mountain , pitfall trap, site 8, 1770 m, 42.058722°N, 128.056528°E, 2019.V.31, Liu Shengdong lgt.” ; 2 females ( BHU), “ CHINA, Jilin Province, Yanbian Prefecture, Antu County, North slope of Changbaishan Mountain , pitfall trap, site 8, 1770 m, 42.058722°N, 128.056528°E, 2019.VI.15, Liu Shengdong lgt.” ; 3 females ( BHU), “ CHINA, Jilin Province, Yanbian Prefecture, Antu County, North slope of Changbaishan Mountain , pitfall trap, site 8, 1770 m, 42.058722°N, 128.056528°E, 2019.VI.30, Liu Shengdong lgt.” ; 2 females ( BHU), “ CHINA, Jilin Province, Yanbian Prefecture, Antu County, North slope of Changbaishan Mountain , pitfall trap, site 8, 1770 m, 42.058722°N, 128.056528°E, 2019.VII.16, Liu Shengdong lgt.” ; 1 male and 2 females ( BHU), “ CHINA, Jilin Province, Yanbian Prefecture, Antu County, North slope of Changbaishan Mountain , pitfall trap, site 8, 1770 m, 42.058722°N, 128.056528°E, 2019.VII.30, Liu Shengdong lgt.” ; 1 male and 2 females ( BHU), “ CHINA, Jilin Province, Yanbian Prefecture, Antu County, North slope of Changbaishan Mountain , pitfall trap, site 8, 1770 m, 42.058722°N, 128.056528°E, 2019.VIII.16, Liu Shengdong lgt.” ; 2 females ( BHU), “ CHINA, Jilin Province, Yanbian Prefecture, Antu County, North slope of Changbaishan Mountain , pitfall trap, site 8, 1770 m, 42.058722°N, 128.056528°E, 2019.VIII.31, Liu Shengdong lgt.” ; 1 male and 3 females ( BHU), “ CHINA, Jilin Province, Yanbian Prefecture, Antu County, North slope of Changbaishan Mountain , pitfall trap, site 8, 1770 m, 42.058722°N, 128.056528°E, 2019.IX.16, Liu Shengdong lgt.” .

All paratypes also bear the following label: “ PARATYPE Peiyuia changbaiensis gen. nov., sp. nov. des. ZHU & SHI 2024” [red label].

Diagnosis. Body reddish-brown to dark brown. Pronotum with lateral margins distinctly converged to base, faintly sinuate before posterior angles; posterior angles widely rounded; lateral gutters gradually widen to base, fused with basal foveae. Elytra with humeral angles rounded; intervals weakly convex; striae shallow and impunctate.

Description. BL = 8.4–8.9 mm, BW = 3.5–3.7 mm.Body ( Fig. 1 ) reddish-brown to dark brown; antennae, apex of mouthparts, tibiae, tarsus, and edge of pronotum and elytra light brown; venter dark brown. Head, edge of pronotum, and elytra with strong isodiametric microsculpture; disc of pronotum with slightly transverse microsculpture.

Head with vertex smooth; frontal impressions reduced to a few radial wrinkles between eyes, shallow but distinct. Antennae long and slender, extended to basal fifth of elytra.

Pronotum subcordate, wider than long, PW/PL = 1.17–1.25, widest near anterior third. Apical margin weakly concave, its width subequal to basal margin; lateral margins distinctly converged to base, faintly sinuate before posterior angles; basal margin nearly straight. Lateral gutters gradually widen to base, fused with basal foveae. Anterior angles weakly acute, slightly projecting forwards; posterior angles widely rounded. Disc gently convex, with some shallow transverse wrinkles; median line fine but clearly defined, not reaching anterior nor posterior borders; basal foveae deep and wide, extending to middle of pronotum, without punctures or wrinkles.

Elytra oval, EL/EW = 1.41–1.45, widest near middle. Basal marginations complete and moderately concave, humeral angles rounded, without tooth; apices rounded. Intervals weakly convex; striae shallow and impunctate. Umbilicate series on interval 9 composed of 15–18 setigerous pores, sparse in middle. Hind wings absent.

Ventral. Propleuron, mesoepisternum, and metepisternum glabrous; all abdominal sternites with a few shallow wrinkles laterally.

Male genitalia. Median lobe ( Fig. 2 ) short, stout, distinctly bent to venter at base and weakly at apex. Apical orifice opened dorsally, not turned to left side nor right side, stretching from basal bulb to apical lamella, narrow at base and widen to apex gradually. In dorsal view, two lateral margins both straight, narrow to apex gradually; in left lateral view, ventral margin straight, not expanded in middle. Apical lamella long, strongly thickens, even coniform, moderately acute at apex, its length about twice as its basal width and thickness. Left paramere ( Fig. 3 ) large and round, without membranous filament at apex. Right paramere ( Fig. 4 ) markedly styloid and curved, angle between basal portion and apical portion near 90°; apical portion straight, narrow to apex gradually; apical hook large, bent dorsally at an angle of about 80°. Endophallus ( Fig. 6 ) simple, with only a single large lobe, straight, extended dorsally, not oriented to left side nor right side; surface smooth, with only a small area of fine scales present on left basal side; gonopore and gonopore lobe folded in the examined specimen.

Female genitalia. Gonocoxite II ( Fig. 7 ) of ovipositor long, length about two times as its basal width, apex thin and acute. Bursa copulatrix very large, rounded. Spermatheca ( Fig. 8 ) moderately long, widen to apex and bat-like, length about six times as its maximum width; spermathecal gland missed in the examined specimen.

Distribution. Changbai Mountain, Antu County (Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture) and Changbai Korean Autonomous County (Baishan City), Jilin Province, China ( Fig. 9 ). The poorly investigated west slope (Fusong County, China), south slope (Changbai Korean Autonomous County, China) and east slope (Samjiyon County, North Korea) of Changbaishan Mountain are probably potential distribution areas and needed to be explored in the future.

Ecology. Most of the specimens used in this research were collected in an ecological study conducted by Liu SD ( Table 1 ). Nine sampling sites were set up on the north slope of Changbai Mountain according to the elevation (a.s.l) gradient. Each sampling site contained 45 pitfall traps, with samples collected every two weeks, from May to September, 2019. The results indicate that this species prefers to live in the altitude range of 1380–1770 m, with a minimum of 890 m and a maximum of 1959 m (based on other specimens obtained outside of this experiment). In terms of seasonal occurrence, the adult population is most abundant (active) in September.

Habitat. Our observations suggest that this species prefers to live on the ground of the sub-alpine coniferous forest and birch forest ( Fig. 10 ). However, two specimens were collected between rocks at a depth of 40 cm ( Fig. 11 ), which may indicate a semi-subterranean habit is preferred. This fits with the depigmented coloration of Peiyuia changbaiensis .

Etymology. The new species is named for the type locality, Changbai Mountain.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Habitus of Peiyuia changbaiensis Zhu & Shi, gen. nov., sp. nov., Holotype. (A) dorsal view, (B) ventral view.

FIGURES 2–5. Male genitalia of Peiyuia changbaiensis Zhu & Shi, gen. nov., sp. nov., Holotype. 2. median lobe, (A) dorsal view, (B) left ventral view. 3. left paramere. 4. right paramere. 5. sternum IX.

FIGURES 6–8. Peiyuia changbaiensis Zhu & Shi, gen. nov., sp. nov., Paratypes. 6. male endophallus, (A) left ventral view, (B) right ventral view. 7. ventral view of right female gonocoxite II. 8. female reproductive system.

FIGURE 9. Distribution map for Peiyuia changbaiensis Zhu & Shi, gen. nov., sp. nov., green points.

FIGURES 10–11. Habitats of Peiyuia changbaiensis Zhu & Shi, gen. nov., sp. nov. in Changbai Mountain, provided by Taoqi Wang.

Tables

TABLE. 1 The number of specimens collected at different times and sites using pitfall traps from an ecological study.

	V.31	VI.15	VI.30	VII.16	VII.30	VIII.19	VIII.31	IX.16	Total	Elevation (a.s.l)
Site 1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	750 m
Site 2	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	890 m
Site 3	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	1050 m
Site 4	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	2	1200 m
Site 5	1	1	0	0	0	2	6	5	15	1380 m
Site 6	0	0	0	2	1	3	0	3	9	1560 m
Site 7	0	1	4	1	1	7	6	6	26	1670 m
Site 8	1	2	3	2	3	3	2	4	20	1770 m
Site 9	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1870 m
Total	2	5	7	5	5	16	15	19	74

TABLE. 1 The number of specimens collected at different times and sites using pitfall traps from an ecological study.