Daviesia genistifolia A.Cunn. ex Bentham (1837a: 75)

Crisp, Michael D., Cayzer, Lindy, Chandler, Gregory T. & Cook, Lyn G., 2017, A monograph of Daviesia (Mirbelieae, Faboideae, Fabaceae), Phytotaxa 300 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

78. Daviesia genistifolia A.Cunn. ex Bentham (1837a: 75) , Bentham (1864: 82), Crisp (1982b: 55–62); Stanley & Ross (1983: 253), Crisp (1995: 1193), Jeanes (1996: 761), Craigie (2015: 30). Type: ‘Hunters River A. Cunningham.—Ora occidentali-australis? F. Bauer.’ Lectotype (Crisp 1995: 1193): Hills on Hunter’s River, N.S. Wales, A. Cunningham, 1825 (W); isolectotype: BM, G, K (2 sheets). Syntype: Nova Hollandia ora occident. austr., Ferd. Bauer: K, W; isosyntype: PRC

Daviesia colletioides A.Cunn. ex Bentham (1837a: 75) . Daviesia genistifolia A.Cunn. ex Benth. var. colletioides (A.Cunn. ex Benth.) Bentham (1864: 82) . Type: ‘In Nova Cambria australi interiore. A. Cunningham ...(v.s.)’. Lectotype (Crisp 1995: 1194) N.W. interior, N.S. Wales A. Cunningham, 1822 (W); isolectotype: CGE; isolectotype or syntype: N of Bathurst, N.S.W., A. Cunningham, 1822 (E, K (3 sheets), NY).

[ Daviesia coluteoides A.Cunn. ex Walpers (1842: 570) . Type: ‘Crescit in Nova Hollandia’ Type specimen unknown. Note: Probably a misspelling of D. colletioides A.Cunn. ex Benth. ]

Shrubs varying from multi-stemmed and low (to 0.6 m), to slender and open, to 2 m high, glabrous. Root anatomy with anomalous secondary thickening (cord-rooted). Branchlets spreading to ascending, terete, longitudinally ribbed when dry. Phyllodes scattered, diverging at ca. 45°, terete or angular or vertically compressed in transection, apically acuminate or acicular, pungent, articulate at base, 5–30 (50) mm long, 0.5–1.25 mm thick, usually striate when dry, rigid, dull green or glaucescent; minute, dark red, triangular stipules present in some populations (e.g. in the Flinders Ranges of SA, near Chiltern in Vic. and in central Qld). Juvenile phyllodes elliptic, pungent, 45–70 × 8–9 mm, venation prominent, reticulate. Unit inflorescences 1 or 2 per axil, racemose, 2–6-flowered; peduncle 0.5–1.3 mm long; rachis 1–8 mm long; subtending bracts ascending to erect, oblong, hooded, ca. 1 mm long. Pedicel 1–3 mm long, slightly thicker than receptacle near the articulation. Calyx 2–4 mm long including the 0.5–1 mm receptacle; upper 2 lobes united into a truncate emarginate lip, lower 3 acute with shallow sinuses, ca. 0.5 mm deep. Corolla : standard depressed-ovate, emarginate, somewhat cordate, with the upper margins incurved, 4.5–5.5 × 5–6.5 mm including the ca. 1.5 mm claw, outer part yellow or orange-yellow, inner part a large central semi-circle infused with dark red (ageing grey-brown), with a linear central yellow mark; wings obovate, rounded and incurved to enclose the keel, auriculate, 5–5.5 × 2–2.25 mm including the ca. 1.5 mm claw, deep red, fading to yellow at the apex; keel half transversely broadly elliptic, acute, auriculate, saccate, 4–4.5 × 1.75–2 mm including the ca. 1.5 mm claw, maroon. Stamens strongly dimorphic: inner whorl of 5 with longer, slender, terete filaments and shorter, round, subversatile anthers with confluent thecae; outer whorl of 5 with shorter, broader, compressed filaments and longer, oblong,

A MONOGRAPH OF DAVIESIA

Phytotaxa 300 (1) © 2017 Magnolia Press • 179 basifixed, 2-celled anthers; filaments free. Pod obliquely shallowly obtriangular, scarcely acute, compressed, 8–11 × 4–8 mm; upper suture sigmoid; lower suture acute. Seed ellipsoid, compressed, 3–4.5 mm long, 2–3.2 mm broad, 1.3– 1.2 mm thick, dark brown; aril oblong or narrowly so, ca. 2 mm long. ( Fig. 79 ).

Common name:— Broom Bitter-pea.

Flowering period:— August to October. Fruiting period: October to December.

Distribution:— Widespread in eastern Australia, extending along the Great Dividing Range and its western slopes from central Queensland southward through New South Wales to eastern Victoria (Chiltern area); also in the Flinders Ranges, South Australia. Records from farther south in SA, and from the western plains of Vic. and NSW, are likely misidentifications of D. devito and D. schwarzenegger .

Habitat:— Widespread in sclerophyll communities.

Conservation status:— National: Not listed. Vic.: Rare in that state but not considered otherwise threatened— there are relatively few known populations but the species occurs extensively in New South Wales and Queensland.

Selected specimens (278 examined):— SOUTH AUSTRALIA. Flinders Ranges: Tarcowie Common, ca. 26 km W of Peterborough , 32°57’S, 138°31’E, M. G . Catford s.n., 15 November 1975 ( AD, CBG 60895 ); Oraparinna National Park , creekline along E side of Aroona Valley , 30°33’S, 138°17’E, D. E . Symon 7296, 13 September 1971 ( AD) . QUEENSLAND. Leichhardt: Carnarvon Creek , [Carnarvon] National Park, 24°44’S, 147°40’E, C . Gittins 402, August 1961 ( BRI). Burnett: Glenleigh, Monto Shire , 25°05’S, 151°05’E, I . Romano s.n., 1975 ( BRI 197043 ). Moreton: Petrie, 29 km N of Brisbane , 27°16’S, 151°59’E, S. T . Blake s.n., 9 November 1931 ( BRI 81185 ). Darling Downs: Western Creek State Forest , ca. 22 km WSW of Milmerran, Antonios Road, next to power line easement, 27°54’S, 151°02’E, M . D. Crisp 11676, 11 April 2015 ( BRI, CANB); State Forest 444 Durikai , 28°12’S, 151°38’E, P. I . Forster 11726 & P . Machin, 27 September 1992 ( BRI, CANB, MEL) . NEW SOUTH WALES. North Western Plains : 8.7 km WSW of Narrabri West R. S . on the Wee Waa road, 30°21’S, 149°40’E, R . Coveny 12339 & J . Dalby, 9 September 1986 ( CANB, NSW); Pilliga , 30°21’S, 148°53’E, H. M. R . Rupp s.n., October 1932 ( NSW 35740 ). North-west Slopes: Bowling Alley Point Common, S edge of Bowling Alley Point, 31°24’S, 151°08’E, J. R . Hosking 1179, 18 October 1995 ( CANB, MEL, NE, NSW). Northern Tablelands: Walcha , ca. 30°59’S, 151°36’E, J. H . Maiden s.n., November 1897 ( NSW 35774 ). North Coast : Bowman & Barrington Rivers, J. H . Maiden s.n., September 1897 ( AD 96809177 , NSW 35759 ); 1 km N of Woodenbong , 28°23’S, 153°37’E, R . Coveny 5173, 5 September 1973 ( A, B, BRI, CANB, G, K, L, LE, MO, NSW, PRE, RSA). Central-west Slopes: Goulburn River Valley , 0.4 km S of Mt Kerrabee, 32°25’S, 150°18’E, M . D. Crisp 2273 et al., 28 October 1976 ( CBG, K, PERTH). Central Tablelands: Mt Tayar , 17.5 km ca. SE of Rylstone, 32°58’S, 150°13’E, E. F . Constable 5055, 24 September 1964 ( NSW); ca. 32 km S of Orange , ca. 33°34’S, 149°06’E, D. W . Shoobridge s.n., sine die ( CBG 864 ) . AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL TERRITORY. 8 km NE of Barton Highway along Gundaroo Road, 35°09’S, 149°09’E, M . D. Crisp 6730, 15 September 1980 ( CBG, MEL, MO, PERTH) . VICTORIA. Northern Plains: SE of Bendigo , 1.3 km E of Costerfield P. O . along road to Nagambie, 36°52’S, 144°49’E, G. W . Carr 7145, 2 September 1976 ( AD, BISH, BRI, CANB, K, MEL, MO, NSW, NY, PERTH, US); ibid., G. W . Carr 7195, 16 December 1976 ( CBG, CHR, MO). CULTIVATED. Australian National Botanic Gardens, Canberra , ex South Australia, Black Hill Flora Reserve , Athelstone, 1977, M . D. Crisp 5672, 2 March 1979 ( CBG) .

Affinity:— According to DNA sequences the sister species of D. genistifolia is D. devito (clade VII.c, Fig. 1B ). Morphologically these two species are so similar that they have often been confused ( Crisp 1982b). The stipules found in some populations of D. genistifolia closely resemble those of D. devito , though they are variably present in the former. Daviesia devito differs in having phyllodes continuous (not articulate) with the branchlet, smaller flowers (e.g. standard 3–5 × 4–5.5 mm) and smaller pods (5–7 × 4–6 mm). Daviesia genistifolia also resembles other species having pungent, more or less terete or angular phyllodes, such as D. benthamii and D. schwarzenegger , but these species lack stipules. The recurved acuminate calyx lobes of D. benthamii distinguish it from D. genistifolia , which has straight acute lobes. Daviesia schwarzenegger is also distinguished by the branchets being wrinkled when dry, rather than ribbed or striate as in D. genistifolia .

Daviesia genistifolia has also been confused with linear-leaved specimens of D. ulicifolia . Daviesia ulicifolia is easily distinguished by its spinescent branchlets and horizontally (not vertically) compressed or flattened phyllodes, and it usually has 1-flowered or umbelliform inflorescences, which are rarely ( subsp. incarnata ) racemose as in D. genistifolia .

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Figures

FIGURE 1A. Phylogeny (part) of Daviesia estimated using maximum likelihood (PHYML) from concatenated sequences of ITS (nrDNA), and ndhF and trnL–trnF (cpDNA). The tree was rooted using the monotypic sister groups Viminaria and Erichsenia (not shown). The informal clade names are used for reference in the taxonomic treatment. Numbers on branches show non-bootstrap support. The tips are labelled with the taxon name and sample accession number.

FIGURE 79. Daviesia genistifolia. A. Flowering branchlet. B. Inflorescence. C–F. Variation in phyllodes and pods. G–J. Seeds in lateral view (G, I) and hilar view (H, J). A, B from Crisp 6730; C from Catford s.n. (CBG 60895); D from Maiden s.n. (NSW 35774); E from Crisp 2273; F–H from Carr 7195; I, J from Shoobridge s.n. (CBG 864). Drawn by A.L. Prowse and M.D. Crisp. Partly adapted from Crisp (1980a) with permission from the Board of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens.