Daviesia squarrosa Smith (1805: 507)

Crisp, Michael D., Cayzer, Lindy, Chandler, Gregory T. & Cook, Lyn G., 2017, A monograph of Daviesia (Mirbelieae, Faboideae, Fabaceae), Phytotaxa 300 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

56. Daviesia squarrosa Smith (1805: 507) , Bentham (1864: 80), Crisp (1995: 1238), Crisp (2002: 526). Type: New South Wales, Port Jackson, J. White, 1793. Holotype: LINN; isotypes: B, BM (2 sheets), G, LIV, P, S

Shrubs, usually slender, to 1.5 m tall, ± hispid on branchlets, minutely so on midrib and margins of phyllodes. Root anatomy normal (unistelar). Branchlets arching, terete, ribbed. Phyllodes crowded, divaricate or reclinate, cordiform or ovate (rarely subulate or broad), acuminate with a long, tapering apex, somewhat undulate, cordate to rounded at base (rarely tapered, e.g. Crisp 8277C), 4–12 × 0.5–10 mm, midrib prominent above, venation reticulate or obscure, green or glaucescent. Unit inflorescences 1(2) per axil, flowers solitary or 2 in umbels; peduncle 0.5– 1(–3) mm long; bracts ascending, cuneate; subtending bracts 0.5–0.75 mm long, 0.3–0.4 mm broad. Pedicels 3.5– 12 mm long. Calyx 2.5–3 mm long including the 0.5–0.75 mm receptacle; lobes acuminate; upper 2 lobes falcate, united higher and slightly broader than the lower 3, 0.5–1 mm long. Corolla : standard depressed-ovate, emarginate, reflexed, slightly auriculate, 5.5–5.6 × 6.6–7.2 mm including the 1.2–1.9 mm claw, with 2 calli at the base of the lamina, yellow with red markings around the rich yellow central spot; wings broadly obovate with a rounded and incurved apex, auriculate, 4.75–5.5 × 2.5–3 mm including the ca. 1.5 mm claw, red with or without yellow tips; keel half very broadly obovate, scarcely acute, auriculate, saccate, 4.25–4.5 × 2–2.25 mm including the 1.25–1.5 mm claw, red with or without a yellow tip. Stamens strongly dimorphic: inner whorl of 5 with longer, angular filaments and ovoid, dorsifixed anthers with confluent thecae; outer whorl of 5 with shorter, compressed filaments and ovoid-oblong, basifixed, 2-celled anthers; filaments free. Pod obliquely very shallowly obtriangular, acute or scarcely obtuse, compressed, 6–9 × 4–5.5 mm; upper suture strongly sigmoid; lower suture acute. Seed obovoid, somewhat compressed, 3.1–3.4 mm long, 1.7–2 mm broad, ca. 1.3 mm thick, brown with black mottling; aril ovoid, thickly lobed, 1.1–1.4 mm long. ( Fig. 56 ).

Chromosome number:— 2n = 18 (voucher Sands 639.5.1, cited as D. squarrosa var. squarrosa by Sands 1975).

Flowering period:— July to October. Fruiting period: September to November.

Distribution:— Endemic to the coast and adjacent ranges of New South Wales, extending from near Newcastle southward to the Tuross River. Records from farther north (including Queensland) probably refer to D. villifera , which was previously included in D. squarrosa as a variety.

Habitat:— On skeletal soils derived from sandstone or metamorphic sediments, at low elevations. Associated vegetation is open forest dominated by eucalypts, with a sclerophyll shrub understorey.

Selected specimens (72 examined):— NEW SOUTH WALES. North Coast: Wallsend, 32°54’S, 151°40’E, J. L. Boorman s.n., August 1906 ( NSW 35407 ); Oakhampton, 32°42’S, 151°34’E, Anon. s.n., October 1911 ( NSW 35413 ). Central Tablelands : Megalong Valley , tributary of Megalong Creek , 33°44’S, 150°16’E, M. D. Crisp 8277 A – F & I. R. Telford, 22 Apr 1989 ( CBG, NSW). Central Coast: Port Jackson, 33°50’S, 151°17’E, Anon. s.n., sine die (ex Herb. O. W. Sonder: MEL 80408 ); 0.5 km S of Thirlmere along railway line, 34°13’S, 150°34’E, M. D. Crisp 4681 & I. R. Telford, 27 November 1978 ( CBG); Grose Vale, 33°35’S, 150°39’E, L. Fraser s.n., 11 August 1934 ( NSW 35393 ); St Marys, 33°47’S, 150°47’E, A. A. Hamilton s.n., October 1897 ( BRI 231441 A); Putty Road, 61 km S of Singleton , 32°46’S, 150°43’E, D. W. Shoobridge s.n., 27 July 1961 ( AD, CBG 855 ). Southern

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Tablelands: Ca. 9 km WSW of Nerriga , 35°07’S, 149°59’E, M . D. Crisp 11680, 26 April 2015 ( CANB). South Coast: Runnyford Road, Nelligen , 35°39’S, 150°08’E, M . D. Crisp 6739, 4 October 1980 ( BRI, CBG, MEL, NSW); 16 km N of Batemans Bay , 35°35’S, 150°15’E, V. E . Sands 639.5.1, 14 September 1963 ( PERTH, SYD) .

Affinity:— Daviesia squarrosa is most similar to D. nova-anglica , which has a similar keel shape and distribution of hairs. The latter species may be distinguished by its larger upper bracts (1–1.5 mm long and 0.5– 0.75 mm broad), somewhat larger flowers (e.g. standard 6–7 mm long), truncate upper calyx-lobes, and differently shaped phyllodes, which are ovate rather than heart-shaped. Daviesia villifera and D. quoquoversus differ from D. squarrosa by their falcate, strongly beaked keel-petals and truncate upper calyx-lobes, and D. pubigera differs in having non-cordate phyllodes and hairs present all over the vegetative parts.

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Figures

FIGURE 56. Daviesia squarrosa. A. Flowering branchlet. B. Phyllode, adaxial view. C. Inflorescence (1-flowered). D. Calyx opened out, upper lobes at left. E. Standard. F. Wing. G. Keel. H. Pod. A, C from Anon. (MEL 80408); B, D–G from Crisp 6739; H from Crisp 4681. Drawn by A.L. Prowse and M.D. Crisp. Adapted from Crisp (1990) with permission from CSIRO Publishing.