Macrorhynchia philippina Kirchenpauer, 1872

Calder, Dale R., 2019, On a collection of hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the southwest coast of Florida, USA, Zootaxa 4689 (1), pp. 1-141 : 98-100

Macrorhynchia philippina Kirchenpauer, 1872

Fig. 22f

Macrorhynchia philippina Kirchenpauer, 1872: 19 .

Aglaophenia philippina Kirchenpauer, 1872: 45 , text-fig. p. 17; pl. 1, fig. 26; pl. 2, figs. 26a-b; pl. 7, fig. 26.

Lytocarpus philippinnus .— Wallace, 1909: 137 [incorrect subsequent spelling].

Type locality. Philippines: Manila ( Kirchenpauer 1872: 45, as Aglaophenia philippina ) .

Material examined. Sanibel Island, beach at Lighthouse Point, 26°26’57”N, 82°01’07”W, detached and in water along shore, 21 February 2013, one colony, 18 cm high, without phylactocarps, coll. D. Calder, ROMIZ B4404.— Sanibel Island , beach at Lighthouse Point, detached and stranded in tidepool, 30 March 2013, one colony, 8 cm high, without phylactocarps, coll. D. Calder, ROMIZ B4405 .— Sanibel Island , beach at Lighthouse Point, 26°26’59”N, 82°01’03”W, on detached shell fragments at water’s edge, 13 March 2018, 20° C, 33.5‰, one colony, 15 cm high, with gonophores, coll. D. Calder, ROMIZ B4406 .

Remarks. Macrorhynchia philippina , considered distinctive in traditional taxonomy largely on the basis of hydrothecal characters ( Fig. 22f ), is thought to be essentially circumglobal in warm neritic waters ( Calder 2013). Molecular work on this hydroid has been limited, but thus far it seems to support the likelihood of a wide geographic range. Moura et al. (2012) discovered the same 16S genotype in hydroids identified as this species from two widely separated locations in the Atlantic Ocean ( Brazil and Madeira). In another analysis, the phylogram of Postaire et al. (2016), shows little intraspecific divergence in specimens assigned to this species from Moorea in the tropical western Pacific, from Juan de Nova Island in the Indian Ocean, and from the two Atlantic populations mentioned above.

Several records of M. philippina from the western North Atlantic require comment. Although the species is known to occur in Bermuda (Calder 1997), Congdon’s (1907) record of it from there (as Lytocarpus philippinus ) is based, at least in part, on a misidentification ( Bale 1919: 352; Stechow 1920: 44; Calder 1997: 68). As evidence of this, an illustration of the species ( Congdon 1907, fig. 37) portrays M. allmani ( Nutting, 1900) instead. It is likely that specimens collected nearshore were M. philippina , while those from Challenger Bank were M. allmani . Records of M. philippina from Bermuda by Smallwood (1910) and Bennitt (1922) are somewhat uncertain given earlier confusion over the species in the area. Nutting (1900) reported M. philippina from Panama, but he failed to indicate whether the hydroids he examined were from the Atlantic or Pacific coast of that country.

More detailed accounts of this species in the western North Atlantic are given elsewhere (Calder 1997, 2013). An extensive synonymy list under M. philippina appears in Ansín Agís et al. (2001). Gonophores are liberated as short-lived medusoids ( Gravier 1970; Migotto 1996; Bourmaud & Gravier-Bonnet 2004; Galea 2018).

Reported distribution. Gulf coast of Florida. Dry Tortugas ( Wallace 1909: 137, as Lytocarpus philippinnus ).

Elsewhere in western North Atlantic. Jamaica ( Nutting 1900: 123, as Lytocarpus philippinus ).—? Panama ( Nutting 1900: 123, as Lytocarpus philippinus ).— Bermuda: shore areas ( Congdon 1907: 484 [part], as Lytocarpus philippinus ).— Bermuda: Fairyland Point ( Smallwood 1910, as Lytocarpus philippinus ).— USA: North Carolina, Bogue Sound, 10 ft (3 m) + Shackleford Banks, shallow water ( Fraser 1912b: 379, as Lytocarpus philippinus ).—? Bermuda: Somerset Bridge ( Bennitt 1922: 254, as Lytocarpus philippinus ).— USA: Florida, Biscayne Bay ( Weiss 1948: 158, as Lytocarpus philippinus ).— USA: unstated location: on buoys ( Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution 1952: 187, as Lytocarpus philippinus ).— USA: Florida, Biscayne Bay, Soldier Key ( Voss & Voss 1955: 223, as Lytocarpus filippinus ).— USA: Mississippi, Mississippi Sound ( Fincher 1955: 92, as Lytocarpus philippinus ).— Sint Maarten: Great Bay, NE shore, tidal zone ( Van Gemerden-Hoogeveen 1965: 74, as Lytocarpus philippinus ).— Venezuela: Puerto Cabello ( Vervoort 1968: 88, as Lytocarpus philippinus ).— Colombia; Santa Marta area ( Wedler 1975: 333, as Lytocarpus philippinus ).— Mexico, Arrowsmith Bank, 21°07’N, 86°21’W, 49–55 m ( Bogle 1975: 61).— USA: Florida, Sebastian Inlet, 1.0– 1.5 m ( Clark & Goetzfried 1976: 477, as Lytocarpus sp.).— USA: South Carolina, Bulls Bay, 5 m + Prices Creek, 8 m + Capers Inlet, 3 m + Beaufort River, 6 m + Chechessee River, 9 m ( Calder & Hester 1978: 91, as Lytocarpus philippinus ; Calder 1983: 23).— Colombia: Bahia de Cartagena area, Bocachica + Obelisco + Chamba + Faro de Salmedina ( Flórez González 1983: 123, as Lytocarpus philippinus ).— Colombia: Santa Marta area ( Bandel & Wedler 1987: 38, as Lytocarpus philippinus ).— Bermuda: various localities ( Calder 1986: 139).— USA: Florida, artificial reef off Boca Raton ( Cummings 1994: 1208, as Lytocarpus philippinus ).— Bermuda: Flatts Inlet, 2 m + Harrington Sound, entrance of Cripplegate Cave, 1 m (Calder 1997: 66).— USA: Florida, Biscayne Bay ( Jones 2002: 218, as Macrorynchia philippina ).— Panama: Bocas del Toro area, Swan’s Key, 09°27’12.2”N, 82°18’01.8”W, 1–4 m ( Calder & Kirkendale 2005: 483).—French Lesser Antilles: Guadeloupe, Grande-Terre, Les Arches, 16°27.529’N, 61°32.021’W, 17 m + L’Oeil, 16°26.782’N, 61°32.405’W, 12–17 m + Pointe d’Antigues 16°26.251’N, 61°32.523’W ( Galea 2010: 34).—French Lesser Antilles: Les Saintes, Terre-de-Haut, La Baleine du Large, 15°52.820’N, 61°35.226’W, 20 m ( Galea 2010: 34).— Cuba: Ciego de Ávila, Cayo Guillermo, 5 m ( Varela 2012: 6).— USA: Florida, Bethel Shoal off Vero Beach, 27°42.6’N, 80°06.8’W, 24 m ( Calder 2013: 52).—French Lesser Antilles: Martinique ( Galea 2013: 50).—Caribbean Sea ( Wedler 2017b: 152, figs. 185A, B, 186, 187).

Figures

FIGURE 22. a, Aglaophenia dubia: part of a hydrocladium with two hydrothecae, Southwest Florida Shelf, ROMIZ B2147. Scale equals 0.1 mm. b, Aglaophenia latecarinata: part of a hydrocladium with three hydrothecae, Fort Myers Beach, ROMIZ B4402. Scale equals 0.1 mm. c, Gymnangium sinuosum: part of a hydrocladium with one hydrotheca, Southwest Florida Shelf, ROMIZ B2203. Scale equals 0.1 mm. d, Lytocarpia tridentata: part of a hydrocladium with two hydrothecae, Florida Keys, Bahia Honda Channel, ROMIZ B3806. Scale equals 0.1 mm. e, Macrorhynchia allmani: part of a hydrocladium with two hydrothecae, Southwest Florida Shelf, ROMIZ B2187. Scale equals 0.1 mm. f, Macrorhynchia philippina: part of a hydrocladium with two hydrothecae, Sanibel Island, ROMIZ B4405. Scale equals 0.1 mm.