Campylocentrum hondurense Ames (1923: 37)

Pessoa, Edlley & Alves, Marccus, 2018, Taxonomical revision of Campylocentrum sect. Campylocentrum (Orchidaceae, Vandeae, Angraecinae) in Brazil, Phytotaxa 362 (1), pp. 1-20 : 7

3. Campylocentrum hondurense Ames (1923: 37) .

Type: — HONDURAS. Lancetilla Farm, near Tela, 16 March 1923, AMES II-210 (holotype: AMES, photograph!). ( Fig. 1I–L , Fig. 2 )

Campylocentrum christensonii Szlachetko & Kolanowska (2013: 264) . syn. nov. Type: — GUYANA. Sine loco acurato, s.d, Thurn 552 (holotype: K!).

Erect or pendent herbs. Roots 0.5–1.0 mm diameter, cylindrical. Stem 0.2–4.0 cm long. Leaves 1.2–3.5 × 0.2–0.6 cm, elliptical, sub-falcate, lobes acute at apex. Inflorescences 0.8–2.7 cm long, lax, peduncle 0.3–0.8 cm long, minutely papillose; rachis 0.5–1.9 cm long, minutely papillose; floral bracts 1.0–1.3 × 0.4–0.5 mm, deltoid, margin entire to minutely denticulate, the apex acute. Flowers 3–15 (per inflorescence), whitish-green, pedicellate ovary 1.0– 1.4 mm long, minutely papillose; dorsal sepal 1.8–2.0 × 0.8–1.0 mm, oblong-ovate, glabrous, 1-nerved, the apex acute; lateral sepals 2.1–2.3 × 0.7–1.0 mm, oblong, subfalcate, glabrous, 1-nerved, the apex acute; petals 1.3–1.7 × 0.5–0.8 mm, oblong-elliptical, 1-nerved, glabrous, the apex acute; lip 1.8–2.1 × 1.0– 1.2 mm, entire, ovate, 5-nerved, margin entire, the apex acute, producing a spur at base, spur 2.0–3.0 mm long, 0.4–0.6 mm diameter, ellipsoid, sigmoid, pale green, glabrous to sparsely pilose, the apex attenuate; gynostemium 0.6–0.7 mm long, anther cap apex 2-lobed. Capsules 5–7 × 1.2–2.0 mm, glabrous to minutely papillose, pedicel 0.8–1 mm long.

Distribution and Habitat:— Known to Brazil (states of Mato Grosso, Pará, and Rondônia), Guyana, Honduras, Peru, Trinidad & Tobago and Venezuela. It grows in lowland ombrophilous forests but is also found in seasonal forests.

Conservation status:— Based on its wide distribution, this species falls under the Least Concern (LC) category.

Nomenclatural notes:— The analysis of the type specimen of the recently described C. christensonii confirms it as a synonym of C. hondurense . Szlachetko and Kolanowska (2013) compared it to C. steyermarkii despite the fact that although morphologically related they are easily separated. To distinguish C. hondurense and C. christensonii , the authors argued for differences in the shape and size of the spur (fusiform vs. cylindrical clavate and distinctly longer than the lip vs. sub-equal in length to the lip). However, the variation was not confirmed by our morphological analyses and therefore it is another case of misinterpretation of the spur features in dried flowers.

Similar species:— Campylocentrum hondurense and C. steyermarkii are the only species of the section in Brazil with entire lips, and also the only ones with relatively longer and lax inflorescences and flowers with 1-nerved sepals and petals that grow in the Brazilian Amazon basin. The morphology of spur is probably the only feature to distinguish them: ellipsoid, sigmoid and attenuate at the apex in C. hondurense vs. ovoid, inflexed and rounded at the apex in C. steyermarkii . (Table 1)

Additional specimens examined:— BELIZE. Toledo: Governor Creek, Monkey River , 15 Sep 1943, Gentle 4472 ( LL) . BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: Paranaíta , 9 Mar 2012, Soares et al. 1425461 ( HERBAM) ; Pará: Jacareacanga, 24 Feb , 2012, Soares et al. 1325382 ( HERBAM) ; Rondônia: Porto Velho, Vista Alegre do Abumã , 23 Feb 2016, Santos et al. 2842 ( UFP) . HONDURAS. Comayagua: Siguatepeque , 30 Apr 1947, Williams & Molina 12545 ( EAP) . MEXICO. Chiapas: sine loco acurato, s.d., Carnevali et al. 4399 ( AMO) . PERU. Madre de Dios: Tambopata, Cuzco Amazonico , 14 Jun 1989, Núñez et al. 11029 ( MO) . TRINIDAD & TOBAGO. Lay Stretch, Valencia Road , 5 Dec 1924, Broadway 9019 ( BM) . VENEZUELA. Amazonas: Río Mavaca , 23 Mar 1988, Ramírez & Laskowski 246 ( VEN) .

Figures

FIGURE 1. A–D. Campylocentrum calostachyum. A. Habit. B. Flower. C. Dissected perianth,. D. Dissected perianth; E–H. C. hirtellum,. E. Habit. F. Flower G. pedicellate ovary, lip and spur in profile, H. Dissected perianth; I–L. C. hondurense, I. Habit, J. Flower, K. lip and spur in profile, L. Dissected perianth. [A–C, drawn from A. C. Brade 17235 (RB),; D. drawn from M.R. Miranda s.n. (UFP); E–H. drawn from Reitz & Klein 1152 (HBR); I–L. drawn from L.A.S. Santos et al. 2842 (UFP)].

FIGURE 2. Distribution map of Campylocentrum calostachyum (black circle), C. hirtellum (white triangle) and C. hondurense (black square).