Caulleriella bioculata (Keferstein, 1862)

Magalhães, Wagner F. & Bailey-Brock, Julie H., 2013, Bitentaculate Cirratulidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the northwestern Pacific Islands with description of nine new species, Zootaxa 3630 (1), pp. 80-116 : 90-91

Caulleriella bioculata (Keferstein, 1862)

Figure 7 A–F

Cirratulus bioculatus Keferstein, 1862: 121 –122, figs. 23–27.

Caulleriella bioculatus: Day 1967: 509 , fig. 20.2. q.

Caulleriella bioculata: Hartman 1961: 107 . Hartman 1965: 324. Hartman 1969: 227–228. Hutchings & Murray 1984: 65.

Material examined. Mamala Bay, Barbers Point outfall, south shore of Oahu Island, Hawaii: Sta. HB4R2, 21°16ʹ48.0ʺ N, 158°01ʹ38.3ʺ W, 61 m, Mar. 2000 (2, USNM 1195153); Sta. HB4R3, 21°16ʹ47.9ʺ N, 158°01ʹ38.3ʺ W, 61.3 m, Mar. 2000 (4); Sta. HB4R4, 21°16ʹ47.7ʺ N, 158°01ʹ38.3ʺ W, 61.3 m, Feb. 2001 (5 on stub, USNM 1195154); Sta. HB4R5, 21°16ʹ48.0ʺ N, 158°01ʹ38.3ʺ W, 61 m, Feb. 2001 (3, BPBM R3644). Sand Island outfall, south shore of Oahu Island, Hawaii: Sta. E2R2, 21°16ʹ43.4ʺ N, 157°54ʹ39.1ʺ W, 101.2 m, Mar. 2002 (2); Sta. D1R2, 21°17ʹ23.2ʺ N, 157°55ʹ29.5ʺ W, 48.8 m, Mar. 2002 (1); Sta. E6R2, 21°15ʹ50.8ʺ N, 157°50ʹ57.9ʺ W, 102.1 m, Aug. 2008 (2). Waianae outfall, southwest shore of Oahu Island, Hawaii: Sta. W9R1, 33 m, May 1998 (3); Sta. ZER5, 27 m, Mar. 1992 (2); Sta. ZR3, 35 m, Mar. 1992 (1). Hanauma Bay, Keyhole Point, southwestern shore of Oahu Island: Sta. R2, 0 8 Jul. 1999 (4). Kahekili Beach Park, Maui Island, collected on Halimeda kanaloana meadows, 30 m, 15 Jun. 2005, coll. A. Fukunaga (1). Guam, Mariana Island, Sta. 0 0 63, Jul. 2006 (8).

Description. Specimens 1.8–7 mm long, 0.1–0.5 mm wide for about 27–78 chaetigers. Body elongate and cylindrical in cross section, mid-body segments wider than anterior and posterior ones. Juveniles (<30 chaetigers) with shallow groove dorsal surface. Body color in alcohol white to yellow. Pygidium with two anal cirri, as long as two posterior chaetigers ( Fig. 9 F); anal aperture placed dorsally.

Prostomium elongated, as long as 4–5 anterior chaetigers, rounded distally, with two large postero-lateral eyes and nuchal organs as vertical slits ( Fig. 7 A–C). Peristomium as long as 3–4 anterior chaetigers with three annulations; first and second annulation sub-equal; third annulation as long as the two anterior ones; second annulation projects dorsally over the third annulation ( Fig. 7 A, B). Dorsal tentacles arising on posterior end of third peristomial annulus ( Fig. 7 A). First pair of branchiae postero-lateral to dorsal tentacles from chaetiger 1 ( Fig. 7 A).

Parapodia laterally positioned with notopodia and neuropodia widely separated. Bidentate notohooks from chaetigers 11–16, up to four hooks and two companion capillaries; bidentate hooks never completely replace capillaries in notopodia ( Fig. 7 D, E). Neurohooks numbering 3–4 from chaetiger 4, completely replacing capillaries (some specimens with hooks from chaetiger 3 together with capillaries). Posterior neuropodia with six bidentate hooks. Bidentate hooks similar throughout with apical end curved and hood absent ( Fig. 7 E).

MGSP. Body stains uniformly. Prostomium stained intensely except for its anterior tip; inter-segmental areas of peristomial annulations stained intensely.

Remarks. The specimens herein described as C. bioculata agree fully with the descriptions found elsewhere (e.g. Hartman 1961; 1965; 1969).

Biology/Ecology. Specimens commonly found in low abundance surrounding ocean outfalls diffusers in sandy areas and in reference stations.

Distribution. C. bioculata is originally described from France but has been found widely distributed in western Europe, eastern (southern California) and western ( New Caledonia) Pacific Ocean (e.g. Hartman 1961; 1965; 1969). This species has been previously cited in unpublished reports from Oahu Island and now is newly recorded for Maui Island, Hawaii, and Guam in the Mariana Islands.

Figures

FIGURE 7. SEM of Caulleriella bioculata. A, anterior end, dorso-lateral view; B, anterior end, lateral view; C, nuchal organ; D, thoracic capillary chaetae; E, bidentate notohooks; F, pygidium.

FIGURE 9. SEM of Caulleriella cordiformia sp. nov. A, anterior end, dorsal view; B, anterior end, lateral view; C, thoracic capillary chaetae; D, chaetigers 5 - 7 showing commencement of neuropodial bidentate hooks on chaetiger 6; E, posterior end bidentate hooks; F, posterior end with pygidium.