Anaphes nipponicus Kuwayama, 1932

Samková, Alena, Janšta, Petr & Huber, John T., 2017, Anaphesflavipes: redescription, neotype designation, and comparison with A. nipponicus (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Mymaridae), Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae (Acta. Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae) 57 (2), pp. 677-711 : 690-697

Anaphes nipponicus Kuwayama, 1932

( Figs 14–26 )

Anaphes nipponicus Kuwayama, 1932: 93 (original description); CLAUSEN (1940): 100 (egg production); THOMPSON

(1958): 568 ( Taiwan [as Formosa], Japan); YASUMATSU & WATANABE (1965): 65 (host); HIRASHIMA (1989): 644

(check list for Japan); STOROZHEVA (1989): 14–16 (host, biology, Primorskiy kray, Russia); STOROZHEVA (1990a):

113 (biology); STOROZHEVA (1990b): 29 (percent of parasitism, biology); FURUKAWA et al. (1993): 92 (host);

ROBERTS (2016): 878 (collection in China).

Type locality. Anaphes nipponicus : ‘ Japan, Hokkaido, Ôno, Kameda District, 41°56′N 149°41′E and Kagura, Kamikawa District, 43°46′N 142°44′E’.

Type material. KUWAYAMA (1932: 95) stated that the species was described from many co-type specimens mounted in balsam, “euparal”, dry, and in alcohol. Kamijo K. (personal communication, October, 2014) stated that the Kuwayama collection was moved from the Hokkaido Agricultural Research Centre [originally Hokkaido Agriculture Experiment Station] to the National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences (NAIES),Tsukuba.There, they cannot be located and therefore could not be borrowed for study.

Material examined. JAPAN: HOKKAIDÓ: Naganuma, Sorachi, 9.vii.1987, S. Takakawa (3 ♀♀ 1 J, CNC).

Comments. The four non-type, card-mounted specimens listed above were reared from Lema oryzae ; they were unglued from their cards, cleared and slide-mounted in Canada balsam, and are redescribed (below). The collection locality is about 30 km from Kagura [present day Higashikagura, Kamikawa subprefecture], one of the two type localities for A. nipponicus . The redescription, based on these specimens, is given for comparison with A. flavipes . Because the measurements of the metatarsal segments and fore wing are from a male of A. nipponicus , the differences are not strictly comparable with the same measurements taken from females of A. flavipes . Nineteen specimens (17 ♀♀ 2 JJ – SDEI), each on its own slide ( Fig. 26 , photographed and identified as A. auripes by C. Thuróczy), and at least five of which were identified as A. nipponicus by Kuwayama, are uncleared and poorly mounted in Canada balsam. Because the specimens are not from the type localities but instead from Kotoni, Sapporo, and were collected on 10.vii.1931, instead of in 1928 or 1929 ( KUWAYAMA 1932: Tables 26 and 27), they cannot be considered as syntypes.

Diagnosis. Anaphes nipponicus differs from A. flavipes as follows: marginal space shorter (longer in A. flavipes ); fore wing wider with slightly more rounded apex (slightly narrower with slightly more pointed apex in A. flavipes ), frenum with campaniform sensilla slightly closer together (slightly farther apart in A. flavipes ), metatarsomere 1 clearly shorter than (0.75 as long as) metatarsomere 2 (at most or only slightly shorter in A. flavipes ). There may also be differences in relative proportions of wings, antennal segments and the ovipositor/ metatarsus ratio but more females of A. nipponicus must be reared and measured for comparison with A. flavipes .

Redescription. Female. Body length [from original description] averaging 608. Colour. Body uniformly dark brown ( Figs 18 , 20–24 ) (shiny black in original description; the card-mounted specimens examined here were faded, and maceration in KOH to prepare slides made the colour even lighter); scape except radicle and pedicel laterally and ventrally yellowish. Head width 224 and 227 (n = 2), with occipital groove straight, almost parallel to posterior margin of eye. Head width 226 ( Fig. 14 ). Antenna. Length/width (ratio) of segments (n = 1): scape (including radicle) 103/22 (4.6), pedicel 38/23 (1.7), fl 1 18/12 (1.5), fl 2 38/14 (2.7), fl 3 60/14 (4.3), fl 4 58/15 (3.9), fl 5 57/18 (3.2), fl 6 56/21 (2.7) ( Fig. 15 ), clava missing but probably about 125/30 (4.2) [estimate based on the original description – ‘club the longest, somewhat spindle-shaped, a little shorter than the last two funicle-joints combined, its width being a little slenderer than twice as wide as the last funicle-joint’ – and photograph]; fl 3 –fl 6 each with 2 mps. Mesosoma. Midlobe of mesoscutum with sculpure in concentric semicircles except posteromedially and frenum with sculpture in straight longitudinal lines ( Fig. 18 , male). Scutellum with campaniform sensilla separated by 2.3× diameter of sensillum. Wings. Fore wing missing; hind wing length 706, width 24, longest marginal setae 120. Legs. Metatibia length 245, metatasomere 1 0.75× length of metatarsomere 2. Metasoma. Gaster in dorsal view fairly short, with rounded apex ( Figs 20, 21 ). Ovipositor length 247 (n = 1), not extending anteriorly under mesosoma ( Figs 22, 23 ); OI 1.01.

Male. Leg colour light yellow except coxae brown and meso- and metafemora dorsally with brown suffusion ( Fig. 24 , cleared in KOH). Body length [from original description] averaging 496. Head width 185 ( Figs 16 ). Antenna ( Fig. 17 ): Length/width (ratio) of segments (n = 1): scape (including radicle) 85/24 (3.5), pedicel 40/28 (1.4), fl 1 4/9 (0.4), fl 2 60/23 (2.6), fl 3 66/19 (3.5), fl 4 66/21 (3.1), fl 5 68/21 (3.2), fl 6 65/21 (3.1), fl 7 66/22 (3.0), fl 8 57/22 (2.7), fl 9 63/22 (2.9), fl 10 56/20 (2.8), fl 11 63/20 (3.2); fl 6 with 4 mps. Total flagellum length 634. Wings. Fore wing with distinct brown tinge except for a narrow longitudinal area distal to medial space ( Fig. 19 ); length 604, width 91, length/width 6.6; longest marginal setae about 104, marginal space length about 96, with single line of setae separating marginal space from hind margin. Hind wing with slight brown tinge; length 598, width 26, length/width 23.0, longest marginal setae about 112. Legs. Metatarsomere 1 0.7× as long as metatarsomere 2 ( Fig. 25 , bottom image). Metasoma. Genitalia in ventral view ( Fig. 24 ).

Host. The only known host for A. nipponicus is the rice leaf beetle, Oulema oryzae (Chrysomelidae) , an important pest of rice in parts of Asia.

Distribution. Palearctic Region: China ( ROBERTS 2016), Japan ( HIRASHIMA 1989), Russia ( STOROZHEVA 1989), Taiwan ( THOMPSON 1958).

Remark. Morphologically and biologically A. nipponicus appears to be the most similar species to A. flavipes . Whether A. nipponicus should be maintained as separate species needs further study, preferable using molecular evidence and, if laboratory colonies can be initiated and maintained, by conducting crossing experiments with A. flavipes .

Figures

Figs 14–17. Anaphes nipponicus Kuwayama, 1932. 14 – female head, anterior view, scape and pedicel; 15 – female antenna, scape to fl6; 16 – male head, posterior view; 17 – male antenna. Scale bars: 100 μm.

Figs 18–19. Anaphes nipponicus Kuwayama, 1932. 18 – female mesosoma, dorsal view; 19 – male wings. Scale bars: 100 μm.

Figs 20–21.Anaphes nipponicus Kuwayama, 1932, female metasoma.20 – dorsal surface; 21 – dorsal view, showing genitalia through gaster. Scale bars: 100 μm.

Figs 22–23. Anaphes nipponicus Kuwayama, 1932, female metasoma, lateral view. 22 – left surface; 23 – more median view, showing genitalia. Scale bars: 100 μm.

Figs 24–25.Anaphes nipponicus Kuwayama, 1932, male. 24 – habitus, ventral view (inset shows genitalia enlarged); 25 – legs with left fore leg (upper image),right mid leg (middle image), left hind leg (lower image). Scale bars:100 μm.

Fig. 26. Anaphes nipponicus Kuwayama, 1932, nineteen slides deposited in SDEI.