Sigalegalephrynus harveyi, Sarker & Wostl & Thammachoti & Sidik & Hamidy & Kurniawan & Smith, 2019

Sarker, Goutam C., Wostl, Elijah, Thammachoti, Panupong, Sidik, Irvan, Hamidy, Amir, Kurniawan, Nia & Smith, Eric N., 2019, New species, diversity, systematics, and conservation assessment of the Puppet Toads of Sumatra (Anura: Bufonidae: Sigalegalephrynus), Zootaxa 4679 (2), pp. 365-391 : 379-382

Sigalegalephrynus harveyi sp. nov.

Figs. 2 M–O, 4E, 5E, 6E

Holotype. Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense of Amphibian Collection , MZB.Amph.30412 (field number ENS 18377). An adult male from Gunung Dempo above the Desa (Village) Kampung Empat , Kabupaten (Regency) Pagar Alam, Provinsi Sumatera Selatan, Sumatra, Indonesia, 4.040980ºS, 103.1481ºE, 1826 m a.s.l. (in all cases, datum = WGS84 ) ( Fig. 3 ). Collected by Michael B. Harvey, Farits Alhadi, and Panupong Thammachoti on 8 July 2015, at 21:35h.

Paratype. The University of Texas at Arlington Amphibian Collection UTA A-65474, an adult male. Collected from near to the collection locality of the holotype, 4.03923ºS, and 103.1473ºE, 1878 m a.s.l ( Fig 3 ). Collected by Michael B. Harvey, Panupong Thammachoti, and Gilang Pradana on 10 July 2015, at 20:55h .

Etymology. The specific epithet is a patronym in honor of Michael B. Harvey, one of the collectors of this new species, a friend, an outstanding herpetologist, and the co-Principal Investigator of the National Science Foundation (NSF) project that has contributed this and a significant number of other papers on the herpetofauna of Sumatra.

Suggested Common Name. Harvey’s Puppet Toad, in English; Kodok-wayang Harvey, in Indonesian.

Diagnosis. Sigalegalephrynus harveyi sp. nov. can be identified from its congeners by a unique combination of characters: (1) medium-sized (adult males 26.36–28.09 mm SVL) Sigalegalephrynus ; (2) lacking parotoid glands; (3) tympanum visible, with elevated annulus encircled with sharply raised spinose tubercles; (4) naris closer to tip of snout than to eye; eye-naris distance 8.0% (9.3%) of SVL; naris-snout distance 2.8 % (2.1%) of SVL; (5) fingertips truncated (except finger I), but not expanded; (6) tips of toes I, II, III and V rounded, toe IV tip truncated, but not expanded; (7) webbing rudimentary in hands, moderate in feet; (8) dorsal coloration in adult males light brown, with a prominent hourglass shaped marking; (9) dorsum, lacking medial dark band; (10) prominent alternate dark brown and white marks on upper lip; (11) flanks with dark brown strokes (demarcated by thin white lines on top and bottom), extending from orbit to inguinal area; (12) dorsal surface very lightly tuberculate, with white tipped spinose tubercles; (13) venter golden–yellow, without dark maculation; (14) interocular distance 48% (52%) of head width; (15) nuptial pads white, with white–tipped spicules; (16) finger IV tip touches distal phalangeal articulation of finger III (when adpressed); (17) inner metacarpal tubercle equal in length to outer metacarpal tubercle.

Description of holotype and variation in paratype (in parenthesis). Body slender; head longer than wide, HL/HW 1.11 (1.14); head length 30% (33%) of SVL; head width 27.0% (29%) of SVL; snout length 13% (14%) of SVL; canthus rostralis concave; loreal area smooth and concave; eye length 10% (10%) of SVL; pupil circular; snout slightly sloping back, towards mouth; snout mucronate, with prominent median keel, protruding in lateral view; tympanum distinct, rounded, with moderately developed annulus; interorbital space flat; cranial crests absent; jaws toothless; tongue tip oval shaped and longer than wide; dorsal skin tuberculate and rough, with mostly small and white tipped tubercles, lacking black keratinization; tympanum with elevated and distinct annulus, circled by large tubercles; no dorsolateral, paravertebral, or occipital folds; throat golden yellow; venter pinkish and goldenyellow, areolate in texture; circumcloacal region brownish yellow.

Arms lanky, with poorly developed axillary membranes; forearm length 28% (28%) of SVL; hand length 27% (28%) of SVL; relative length of fingers I <II <IV <III; fingertips truncated but not expanded; fingers bearing moderate pads; hands rudimentary webbed, hand webbing formula: I13/4-2II13/4-3III3-3IV (I13/4-2II13/4-3III3- 3IV); flanks and dorsal surface of forearms tuberculate; inner metacarpal tubercle elongate, as large as outer metacarpal tubercle; fingertips truncated but not dilated; finger I and II with moderately developed basal round subarticular tubercles; subarticular tubercle on finger I is equal in size to the inner metacarpal tubercle; fingers III and IV with poorly developed basal round subarticular tubercles; nuptial pads white, glandular, dorsomedially extended; spicules of nuptial pads white tipped.

Thigh length 41% (43%) of SVL; tibia length 38% (41%) of SVL; tarsal length 24% (23%) of SVL; foot length 42% (41%) of SVL; relative lengths of toes I <II <III<V<IV; feet moderately webbed ( Fig. 6E ), foot webbing formula: I0-2II0-2III13/4-3IV3-2V (I0-1II0-2III11/2-3IV3-2V); heels without tubercles; inner metatarsal tubercles oval and well developed; inner metatarsal tubercle round and larger than the outer metatarsal tubercle.

Measurements (in mm). Holotype followed by paratype in parentheses: SVL 26.36 (28.09); HL 8.0 (9.41); HW 7.18 (8.25); SNL 3.4 (3.8); ICD 4.2 (4.5); IND 2.0 (2.60); END 2.6 (12.1); NSD 0.06 (0.75); IOD 3.7 (4.0); EL 2.55 (2.70); TML 1.3 (2.1); FAL 7.25 (7.95); HAL 7.09 (7.80); THL 10.72 (11.96); TBL 10.11 (11.45); TRL 6.20 (6.41); FTL 10.96 (11.62); OMCL 1.0 (1.0); OMCW 1.0 (1.0); IMCL 1.0 (1.0); IMCW 0.38 (0.50); IMTL 1 (1); IMTW 1 (1); F1L 1.5 (1.8); F2L 2.25 (2.30); F3L 3.65 (3.98); F4L 2.75 (3.40); T1L 1.0 (1.5); T2L 1.5 (2); T3L 3.0 (3.0); T4L 5.0 (5.5); T5L 3.5 (4.0).; F3PD 0.75 (1.0); F3PB 0.75 (1.0).

Color of holotype in life. Adult male holotype ( Figs. 2M, 2N, 2O ): dorsum predominantly brown, with an hourglass marking with whitish brown halo; iris brownish-yellow; flanks with alternate wide dark-brown and thin white

oblique stripes, extending from post-ocular to inguinal areas; a very dark brown triangular blotch below anterior half of eye, with thin posterior white border that extends posteriorly on subocular rim; loreal region brown; dorsum of limbs darker than body dorsum, humeral and femoral segments without crossbars, distal segments with crossbars; area of posterior mandibular articulation with a whitish-yellow spot; lower flanks, inguinal, and circumcloacal regions golden-yellow; underside of body and head yellowish, with heavily melanized chest; ventral limb surfaces brown-salmon color; finger and toe tips pale salmon color, not melanized; iris bronze with black reticulations.

Color of holotype in preservative. Differing slightly from that in life, specimens have lost the golden yellow and pinkish coloration, which has turned grey.

Comparisons. Sigalegalephrynus harveyi sp. nov. differs from all congeners by the combination of possessing truncated but not expanded fingertips (except finger I) (vs truncated and highly expanded in S. gayoluesensis sp. nov. and S. burnitelongensis sp. nov.; truncated and moderately expanded in S. mandailinguensis ; round in S. minankabauensis ), and white tipped tubercles on the body (vs black tipped in S. mandailinguensis and S. minangkabauensis ). Additionally, Sigalegalephrynus harveyi sp. nov. has a prominent hourglass shaped marking on the dorsum (vs missing in adult males of S. burnitelongensis sp. nov.), white-spiculed nuptial pads in adult males (vs black or dark brown tipped in S. mandailinguensis , S. gayoluesensis sp. nov., S. burnitelongensis sp. nov., unknown in S. minangkabauensis ), an indistinct white loreal spot (vs very distinct in S. mandailinguensis and S. minangkabauensis , absent in S. gayoluesensis sp. nov. and S. burnitelongensis sp. nov.), inner and outer metacarpal tubercles of equal size (vs inner metacarpal tubercle larger in S. mandailinguensis and S. minangkabauensis , and smaller in S. gayoluesensis sp. nov. and S. burnitelongensis sp. nov., with respect to outer metacarpal tubercle), and Finger IV tip (when adpressed) not touching the terminal (distal) phalangeal articulation of Finger III (vs touching in S. mandailinguensis S. minankabauensis , and going beyond the articulation in S. gayoluesensis sp. nov.) ( Fig. 6E ).

Distribution and natural history. Sigalegalephrynus harveyi sp. nov. is only known from montane cloud-forest on the south-eastern slopes of Gunung Dempo, from 1826 and 1878 m a.s.l. ( Fig. 3 ), and does not exist sympatrically with any other congener. The holotype was found calling on a leaf about 2 m above ground. Call was not recorded. The paratype was inactive on a leaf, 10 cm above ground. The holotype was not weighed, the paratype was 1.09 g.

Figures

FIGURE 2. Lateral, dorsal, and ventral views of specimens of Sigalegalephrynus in life. Holotypes of S. burnitelongensis sp. nov. (A–C, MZB.Amph.30413, SVL 22.18 mm), S. gayoluesensis sp. nov. (D–F, MZB.Amph.30411, SVL 26.49 mm), S. mandailinguensis (G–I, MZB.Amph.25736, SVL 38.01 mm), S. minangkabauensis (J–L, MZB.Amph.25738, SVL 19.32 mm), and S. harveyi sp. nov. (M–O, MZB.Amph.30412, SVL 26.36 mm).

FIGURE 3. Map of Sumatra showing the known distribution of Sigalegalephrynus species.

FIGURE 6. Palmar and plantar surfaces of Sigalegalephrynus specimens in alcohol (Scale bar = 5 mm). Holotypes of Sigalegalephrynus burnitelongensis (A, MZB.Amph.30413), S. gayoluesensis sp. nov. (B, MZB.Amph.30411), S. mandailinguensis (C, MZB.Amph.25736), S. minangkabauensis (D, MZB.Amph.25738), and S. harveyi sp. nov. (E, MZB.Amph.30412).