Sadocus ingens ( Mello-Leitao , 1937)

Pessoa-Silva, Marilia, Hara, Marcos Ryotaro & Pinto-da-Rocha, Ricardo, 2021, Revision of the southern Andean genus Sadocus Sorensen, 1886 (Opiliones, Gonyleptidae, Pachylinae), ZooKeys 1025, pp. 91-137 : 91

Sadocus ingens ( Mello-Leitao, 1937) Figures 2 , 6A-E , 8G, H , 10A, B , 11C, D , 12G-I

Carampangue ingens Mello-Leitão, 1937: 152-153, figs 14-15 [desc]; B. Soares 1945: 370 [cat]; Mello-Leitão 1949: 17 [syst]; Soares and Soares 1954: 242 [cat]; Cekalovic 1968: 7 [cat]; 1985: 17 [cat] (type MNRJ 5263, 1 ma, 1 fe, syntype, previously preserved in dry collection, examined).

Sadocus ingens : Kury, 2003; 191 [cat]; Kury et al. 2020b [cat].

Jighas vastus Roewer, 1943: 28, pl. 3, fig 22 [desc]; Mello-Leitão 1949: 17 [syst]; Acosta 1996: 217 [cat]. (type SMF RII 1380/73, 2 ma, 2 fe, syntypes, examined). Synonymy established by Mello-Leitão 1949.

Material examined.

Chile, Región de Araucanía, Provincia de Malleco, Contulmo Natural Monument (-38.012778, -73.187500), 12.XII.2010, F. Marques, F. Cadiz & F. Carbayo coll., 1 ma, 1 fe (MZSP 36965); Same, Purén, Salto el Rayen (-38.013528, -73.162639), 04.I.2017, A. Anker & P.H. Martins coll., 1 ma (UFMG 22654); Same, 1 ma (UFMG 22655); Same, Provincia de Cautin , Temuco, 1943, collector unknown, 2 ma, 2 fe (SMF 1380/73); Same , Región de Biobío, Provincia de Arauco, Carampangue , 1937, W. Feed coll., 1 ma 1 fe (MNRJ 5263 - Syntypes) .

Diagnosis.

Sadocus ingens can be distinguished from the other species of the genus by being the largest among them (and quite large among gonyleptid harvestmen); by the prodorsal apical apophysis on trochanter IV of the same length as the podomere (in other Sadocus species, that apophysis length is up to ½ the podomere length); lateral margin of dorsal scutum smooth posterior to scutal area II.

Redescription.

Male (MZSP 36965). Measurements. Dorsal scutum maximum length 12.0; dorsal scutum maximum width 15.5; prosoma maximum length 4.5; prosoma maximum width 7.2; leg femora: I 8.7; II 17.4; III 11.7; IV 19.4. Dorsum (Fig. 6A ). Dorsal scutum type gamma pyriform. Anterior margin of dorsal scutum with 13 granules, lateral margin of dorsal scutum with three to nine granules on carapace, seven granules behind ocularium. Scutal areas I-IV with four or five, nine, six, and four granules, respectively; scutal area III with one paramedian pair of spines. Scutal area IV completely divided by fading scutal groove IV. Lateral margin of dorsal scutum and free tergites I and II with three or four, eight and two granules, respectively. Free tergite III smooth. Chelicerae. Segment I with one probasal spine on bulla, one retro- and one prolateral pair of filiform spines; segment II, fixed finger with four teeth, movable finger with three teeth. Pedipalps. Coxa smooth and barely visible. Trochanter ventral face with one retro-apical tubercle and one prolateral spine. Femur dorsal face granulate, one ventro-basal tubercle, retro-ventral row of granules and a ventral row of tubercles. Patella smooth. Tibial setation: prolateral IiIi/IiiIi; retro-lateral iIiIi. Tarsal setation: prolateral iIiIi; retro-lateral iIiIii/iiIiIii. Legs (Fig. 6B-E ). Coxa IV covered by setae, with one robust, long, bifid prodorsal apical apophysis and one short retro-ventral spiniform apophysis. Trochanters I-III granulate; trochanters I and III dorsal face smooth. Trochanter IV with few granules on ventral central and apical areas; one retro-lateral tubercle; the prodorsal apical apophysis long, curved, as long as the podomere length. Femur IV with retro-lateral row of spines (five prominent) decreasing in size apically, becoming blunt tubercles; retro-ventral row of granules with one basal pointed tubercle, few tubercles on the middle ⅓ and two spines on apical area; ventro-apical face with one retro-lateral spine and one pointed, prolateral tubercle. Patella IV with three or four retro-ventral spines. Tibia IV dorsal face granulate and with retro-ventral row of granules increasing in size apically, becoming spines on distal half. Tarsal counts: 8, 16, 8, 8. Penis (Fig. 11C, D ). Ventral plate of penis with moderate cleft on anterior margin, two or three pairs of MS A, four or five pairs of MS C and one pair of MS D.

Coloration. Immersed in ethanol: carapace, trochanters, femora, patella IV, and tibia IV dark brown. Scutal areas II and III, free tergites, patellae and tibiae I-III orange. Live specimens (Fig. 10A, B ): carapace, scutal areas and legs I-IV black; lateral margin of dorsal scutum dark brown with green pleurites; posterior margin of dorsal scutum and free tergites orange, arthrodial membranes green.

Variations (n = 6) - Free tergites II and III with one paramedian pair of spines which length varies from similar to slightly longer than the tergite length, its apex varying from blunt to pointed; femur IV with granules in between the retro-lateral spines. Measurements. Dorsal scutum maximum length 12.0-13.8; dorsal scutum maximum width 12.7-16.5; prosoma maximum length 4.5-5.4; prosoma maximum width 7.2-7.8; leg femora: I 8.7-10.0; II 16.8-18.5; III 11.7-15.0; IV 16.0-20.0.

Female (MZSP 36965). Measurements. Dorsal scutum maximum length 12.0; dorsal scutum maximum width 11.5; prosoma maximum length 5.0; prosoma maximum width 7.0; leg femora: I 8.4; II 16.2; III 12.0; IV 17.0. Dorsum (Fig. 8G, H ). Scutal areas I-IV with six, six, four, and four granules, respectively. Legs. Coxa IV with discreet apophysis, not seen in ventral view. Tarsal counts: 8; 15; 8; 9. Ovipositor (Fig. 12 G-I ). Two main groups of lobes delimited by constriction, ovipositors peripheral setae inserted into sockets that are a mixture of dorsal and ventral sockets, left lobe with six setae and right lobe with six. Each main group of lobes divided by a fissure.

Variations (n = 4). Tubercle variation in the areas: I-2-8, II-4-6, III-3-6, IV-2-4. Measurements. Dorsal scutum maximum length 11.0-12.0; dorsal scutum maximum width 10.0-11.7; prosoma maximum length 4.5-5.0; prosoma maximum width 6.4-7.2; leg femora: I 7.1-8.4; II 13.8-16.2; III 11.0-12.0; IV 13.0-17.0.

Type locality.

Chile, Región de Araucanía, Provincia de Malleco, Monumento Nacional Contulmo.

Geographical distribution

(Fig. 2 ). Chile. Región de Araucanía, Provincia de Cautín; Idem, Provincia de Malleco, Temuco; Región de Biobío, Provincia de Arauco.

Figures

Figure 2. Geographical records of distribution of Sadocus species.

Figure 6. Sadocus ingens (Mello-Leitao). Male (MZSP 36965) A habitus, dorsal view B-E male right trochanter-tibia IV B dorsal view C prolateral view D ventral view E retro-lateral view. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figure 8. Female specimens of Sadocus A, B S. asperatus (CAS- 9055035) A dorsal view B lateral view C, D S. dilatatus (MZSP- 8022) C dorsal view D lateral view E, F S. funestus (AMNH) E dorsal view F lateral view G, H S. ingens (MZSP- 36965) G dorsal view H lateral view I, J S. polyacanthus (AMNH) I dorsal view J lateral view K Drawing of species inquirenda Carampangue nigronotatum extracted from Mello-Leitao 1943.

Figure 10. Photographs of living specimens of Sadocus A S. ingens (ma) B S. ingens (fe) C S. polyacanthus (ma) D S. polyacanthus (fe) E S. polyacanthus (ma) F S. polyacanthus (fe). B, E taken by R. Pinto-da-Rocha; A, C, D, F taken by Pedro H. Martins.

Figure 11. Distal part of penis Sadocus and Discocyrtus, dorsal and ventral views, respectively A, B S. asperatus, macrosetae colorized and numbered C, D S. ingens E, F S. polyacanthus G, H S. dilatatus I, J S. funestus K, L D. catharinensis. Scale bar of drawings: 0.1 mm.

Figure 12. Distal part of ovipositor of Sadocus A-C S. asperatus A upper view B villi C setae D-F S. funestus D upper view E lateral view F seta G-I S. ingens G upper view H, I setae J-L S. polyacanthus J upper view K lateral view L setae.