Prosopocoilus antilopus amicorum Matsumoto, 2019

Matsumoto, Keita, 2019, Description of a new subspecies of Prosopocoilus antilopus (Swederus, 1787) (Coleoptera: Lucanidae) from Annobón Island, Gulf of Guinea, Zootaxa 4559 (3), pp. 581-586 : 581-585

Prosopocoilus antilopus amicorum Matsumoto , new subspecies ( Figs. 1, 4 , 7, 10 , 13 )

Type locality. Annobón Island.

Type material. Holotype male, deposited at BMNH, labelled: “ ANNOBON IS: 9.vii.1959.- 22.viii.1959 Cambridge Univ. Exped. B.M.1960-51 // BMNH (E) # 604250 // NHMUK010877601 [Barcode]”. Additional label on red paper added “ Prosopocoilus antilopus amicorum ssp. nov . K. Matsumoto HOLOTYPE ♂ ”

Paratypes (6 males, 17 females, BMNH) labelled: same locality data as for the holotype, with additional label “ Prosopocoilus natalensis Parry M.E. Bacchus det.1961” and “ BMNH (E) # 604245 // NHMUK010877602 ” ; “ BMNH (E) # 604246 // NHMUK010877603 ” ; “ BMNH (E) # 604247 // NHMUK010877604 ” ; “ BMNH (E) # 604248 // NHMUK010877605 ” ; “ BMNH (E) # 604249 // NHMUK010877606 ” ; “ BMNH (E) # 604259 // NHMUK010877607 ” ; “ BMNH (E) # 604276 // NHMUK010877608 ” ; “ BMNH (E) # 604277 // NHMUK010877609 ” ; “ BMNH (E) # 604278 // NHMUK010877610 ” ; “ BMNH (E) # 604279 // NHMUK010877611 ” ; “ BMNH (E) # 604280 // NHMUK010877612 ” ; “ BMNH (E) # 604281 // NHMUK010877613 ” ; “ BMNH (E) # 604282 // NHMUK010877614 ” ; “ BMNH (E) # 604283 // NHMUK010877615 ” ; “ BMNH (E) # 604284 // NHMUK010877616 ” ; “ BMNH (E) # 604285 // NHMUK010877617 ” ; “ BMNH (E) # 604286 // NHMUK010877618 ” ; “ BMNH (E) # 604287 // NHMUK010877619 ” ; “ BMNH (E) # 604288 // NHMUK010877620 ” ; “ BMNH (E) # 604289 // NHMUK010877621 ” ; “ BMNH (E) # 604290 // NHMUK010877622 ” ; “ BMNH (E) # 604291 // NHMUK010877623 ” and “ BMNH (E) # 604292 // NHMUK010877624 ” .

All paratype specimens have been labelled with a red paratype label: “ Prosopocoilus antilopus amicorum ssp. nov . K. Matsumoto PARATYPE [♂ or ♀]”.

Description of holotype, male ( Figs. 1, 4 , 13 ). Body length: 24.9 mm.

Colour: Dorsal habitus appears reddish brown or dark brown. Lateral habitus has same colouration as dorsal habitus, except circular orange patch covers most of the metasternum. Mandibles appear to have darker reddish brown colouration. Head: 2.4 times wider than long, reverse-triangular depression present from the anterolateral angles and the posterior end of the head, one circular and one small oval black marking near the anterolateral margin. Circular black marking present nearer the anterolateral margin than the small oval black marking. Canthus covers half of the outer surface of the eye; deep punctures surrounding the eye. Posterior ocular sides of the head swollen. Clypeus is convex on the outer 2/3 and trapezium shaped clypeolabrum present. Mentum is semi-circular, deeply punctured, no hairs present. Submentum wrinkled. Mandibles: Left mandible has seven teeth, with gap between the basal teeth and the rest of the teeth, which are clustered. Right mandible with 6 teeth, gap present between basal tooth and rest of the teeth. Both mandibles are depressed in the middle, finely punctured, and as long as head. Pronotum: Broad, finely punctured and smooth, anterior margin more strongly bisinuate than posterior margin, sides gently curved to beyond the middle, posterolateral angle concave, two small black markings near the middle of lateral margin. Scutellum: Well developed, triangular with curved outer edge, shining, finely punctured. Elytra: Oval, smooth, as wide as the pronotum, finely punctured, anterolateral angle pointed, 2.5 times longer than the pronotum. Outer margin flat throughout. Humeral angles not protruding. Legs: Protibiae straight, acute forked apex, three teeth present decreasing in size on lateral margin, forked externally at their extremity. Mesotibiae with small teeth along the middle. Metatibiae untoothed. Left protibiae and tarsi are significantly shorter than those on the right-hand side. All tibiae have short golden hairs aligned parallel to the lateral margin of the tibia. Antennae: Antennal club with three pubescent antennomeres; antennomere 7 and 6 are pointed, but not lamellate, as antennomeres 8–10. Scape is shorter than the length of the head. Genitalia: Aedeagus in dorsal view about 2.97 times as long as wide. Basal piece in dorsal view rather oblong and elongate, approximately 1.2 times as long as parameres, median lobe narrow. Flagellum 2.13 mm long, symmetrical, similar length to aedeagus, slender, beltlike in basal half, trifurcate from apical 2/5 and inflated part present when hydrated before the flagellum trifurcate. Variability in males: Paratypes somewhat variable in body length 26.36–30.38 mm including mandibles. Colour of the head and pronotum of one paratype appears to be darker than the holotype.

Females ( Figs. 4 , 10 ). Measurements: Length 18.45–22.79 mm including mandibles. Colour: Whole body appears dark reddish brown or dark brown on both dorsal and lateral sides, mandibles appear to darken on the outer edge. Head: 2.2 times wider than long, deeply and sparsely punctured and similar length as the pronotum. Canthus covers half of the outer surface of the eye, outer margin of canthus sinuate. Mentum semi-circular, deeply punctured, with a tuft of reddish hairs in the middle. Clypeus rectangular, with concave on anterior margin. Mentum. Submentum sparsely punctured, with few long hairs present on the anterior and concave in the middle. Mandibles: Mandibles short, asymmetrical, black. One major tooth present on the right mandible, and two teeth seem to be fused together on the left mandible. Pronotum: broad, finely punctured, smooth and shiny. Deep punctures concentrating near the outer margin of the pronotum. Anterior margin strongly bisinuate compared to the posterior margin, sides rounded to beyond the middle. Small black marking near the middle of lateral margin. Scutellum: well developed, triangular with curved outer edge, shiny, finely punctured. Elytra: Oval, smooth shiny, as wide as the pronotum, finely punctured, no hairs present, 2.5 times as long as the pronotum. Outer margin flat. Legs: Protibiae straight, acute forked apex, 7 to 3 teeth present, decreasing in size on lateral margin, forked externally at their extremity. Mesotibiae with small, sharp tooth along the middle. Metatibiae toothless. All tibiae with very short golden hairs aligned parallel to the lateral margin of the tibia. Antennae: Antennal club with three pubescent antennomeres; antennomere 7 and 6 are sharply pointed at tip, but not lamellate as antennomeres 8–10. Scape is shorter than the length of the head. Genitalia: Genital plate narrow, short with broadened and semicircular apical apex, and narrower basally with sharp basal apex.

Etymology. The species epithet is the genitive plural of the Latin amicis, “friends”. This subspecies is dedicated to my friends from Royal Holloway (University of London), Queen Mary (University of London), BMNH and many other entomologists I have met so far.

Diagnosis. There are clear morphological differences between P. antilopus amicorum new subspecies, and P. antilopus antilopus , including the subspecies found in Gulf of Guinea islands. The following characteristics of P. antilopus amicorum new subspecies can be used to distinguish it from P. antilopus antilopus ( Swederus, 1787) and associated subspecies: 1) prosternal process slightly narrower (♂ and ♀); 2) mesosternal process of is narrower (♂ and ♀); 3) elytra is shorter and much rounder at the posterior end (♂ and ♀); 4) aedeagus narrower (♂), 5) flagellum is shorter (♂), 6) pronotum has flat outline around the lateral margin (♀).

Distribution. This subspecies is only known from Annobón (Gulf of Guinea), and is assumed to be endemic to this island.

Other material examined for comparison: Prosopocoilus antilopus antilopus ( Swederus, 1787) ( Figs. 2, 5 , 8, 11 , 14 ) 1♂, 1♀ (BMNH), labelled: “ Sierra Leone. Njala 27.x.1933 Poinoiana. E. Hargreaves. // Pres. by Imp. Inst. Ent.

B. M. 1934-49 // BMNH (E) # 604371 // NHMUK013307227 ” (♀); “ Sierra Leone. Njala 27.x.1933 Poinoiana. E. Hargreaves. // Pres. by Imp. Inst. Ent. B. M. 1934-49 // BMNH (E) # 604327 // NHMUK013307226 ” (♂).

Identification. The type specimen was described by Swederus from Drury’s collection, and the type locality is Sierra Leone. Unfortunately, depository of the Drury’s specimen remains unknown; therefore, the specimens used in this study are assumed to be P. antilopus antilopus .

Distribution. Western to Central Africa ( Bartolozzi & Werner 2004).

Prosopocoilus antilopus insulanus Kriesche, 1919 ( Figs. 3, 6 , 9, 12 , 15 )

1♂, 2♀ ( BMNH), labelled: “ SAO TOME, 264m, Antenna , Guadalupe, 00°22'49.9"N, 06°38'47.4"E, 31.x.2016, MV Trap // Turner, C.R., Tasane, T., leg. BMNH (E) 2017-11, TripRef:ST-001( ANHRT 21 )” and unique identification number with barcode: “ NHMUK010580366 ” (♀), “ NHMUK010580250 ” (♂), “ NHMUK010580355 ” (♀) ; 1♂ ( BMNH), labelled: “ SAO TOME, 186m, Ponta Furada , 00°14'01.8"N, 06°28'15.5"E, 24.x.2016, MV Light Trap // Turner, C.R., Tasane, T., leg. BMNH (E) 2017-11, TripRef:ST-001 ( ANHRT 21 )” and unique identification number with barcode “ NMHUK010583221 ” .

Identification. Kriesche described this species with the type locality São Tomé. It was the only species of Prosopocoilus collected by the African Natural History Research Trust and Natural History Museum, London expedition led by Clive R. Turner and T õ nis Tasane. It is assumed that this subspecies is endemic to São Tomé .

Distribution. São Tomé ( Bartolozzi & Werner 2004).

Figures

FIGURES 1–6. Habitus of Prosopocoilus Westwood, 1845, dorsal view 1, Prosopocoilus antilopus amicorum Matsumoto, new subspecies, holotype male; 2, P. a. antilopus (Swederus, 1787), male; 3, P. a. insulanus Kriesche, 1919, male; 4, P. a. amicorum Matsumoto, new subspecies, paratype female; 5, P. a. antilopus (Swederus, 1787), female; 6, P. a. insulanus Kriesche, 1919, female. Scale bar = 10.0 mm.

FIGURES 7–12. Habitus of Prosopocoilus Westwood, 1845, ventral view. 7, Prosopocoilus antilopus amicorum Matsumoto, new subspecies, holotype male; 8, P. a. antilopus (Swederus, 1787), male; 9, P. a. insulanus Kriesche, 1919, male; 10, P. a. amicorum Matsumoto, new subspecies, paratype female; 11, P. a. antilopus (Swederus, 1787), female; 12, P. a. insulanus Kriesche, 1919, female. Scale bar = 10.0 mm.

FIGURES 13–15. Male genitalia of Prosopocoilus Westwood, 1845, vental view. 13, Prosopocoilus antilopus amicorum Matsumoto, new subspecies, holotype; 14, P. a. antilopus (Swederus, 1787); 15 P. a. insulanus Kriesche, 1919. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.