Galapagomystides patricki, Pearson & Rouse, 2022

Pearson, Kaila A. M. & Rouse, Greg W., 2022, Vampire Worms; A revision of Galapagomystides (Phyllodocidae, Annelida), with the description of three new species, Zootaxa 5128 (4), pp. 451-485 : 474-480

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.5128.4.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:26CA4EF0-61A1-4B60-8C7F-99CA8B8F8700
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6499258
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/98241665-3C1C-4B39-FF17-BAEEFC99403F
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Galapagomystides patricki
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Galapagomystides patricki View in CoL n. sp.

Figures 19 View FIGURE 19 , 20 View FIGURE 20

Diagnosis. First segment not fused to prostomium. Elongated dorsal cirri on segments 1 and 2. No elongated ventral cirri.

Material Examined. Holotype: SIO-BIC A13419* (prepared for SEM), Parrita Seep , Costa Rica; 9.0303° N 84.623° W, ~ 1415 m depth, March 1, 2009, HOV Alvin. [Genbank COI= MZ 711314 View Materials ] GoogleMaps Paratypes: SIO-BIC: A13425, A13426, A13427, A13420 View Materials *, A13421*, Parrita Seep , Costa Rica ~ 1400 m depth ; SIO-BIC: A9964 *, A9875*, A9877*, A9961*, A9934, Parrita Seep , Costa Rica ~ 850 m depth ; MZUCR 1510-01 *, Jacó Scar , Costa Rica, ~ 1770 m depth ; SIO-BIC: A1424 , ~ 20 km away Parrita Seep , ~ 805 m depth . For locality details see Table 1 View TABLE 1 . * indicates sequenced specimens.

Description. Holotype body length 16 mm, 1mm wide at segment 10 for ~70 segments. Body red or white with red gut in life ( Fig. 19A View FIGURE 19 ). Body brown/orange with numerous dark pigmentation speckles in preserved (formalin/ ethanol) state ( Fig. 19C, D View FIGURE 19 ). Lobe-like prostomium; nuchal organs not visible ( Fig. 20A View FIGURE 20 ). Anterior dorsal edge of A A prostomium with paired cylindrical antennae (~ 0.25 mm long) ( Fig. 20A View FIGURE 20 ). Paired palps ventral to antennae, similar in shape and length to antennae ( Fig. 20A, D View FIGURE 20 ). Segment one not fused to prostomium, distinct dorsally and ventrally, following segments clearly demarcated ( Fig. 20A, C View FIGURE 20 ). Pair of elongated dorsal cirri [tentacular cirri] on each of segments 1 (~ 0.4 mm long), 2 (~ 0.35 mm long) ( Fig. 20A View FIGURE 20 ). All elongated dorsal cirri cirriform, tapering distally ( Fig. 20A View FIGURE 20 ). Dorsal elongated cirri on segment one, right side and dorsal elongated cirri on segment two, left side were broken off the holotype. No elongated ventral cirri ( Fig. 20D View FIGURE 20 ). Segment 3 lacking dorsal cirri ( Figs 19B, C View FIGURE 19 , 20A View FIGURE 20 ). Bulbous, rounded dorsal cirri (~ 0.1 mm long) begin on segment 4 continuing posteriorly ( Fig. 20C View FIGURE 20 ). Ventral cirri absent on segment 1 ( Fig. 20D View FIGURE 20 ). Bulbous ventral cirri (~ 0.1 mm long) ( Fig. 20D View FIGURE 20 ). Chaetae begin on segment 2 continuing posteriorly ( Fig. 20A View FIGURE 20 ). Parapodia uniramous, notopodial chaetae absent; neuropodium with central fascicle containing ~6–10 compound chaetae; one simple emergent acicula ( Figs 19E, F, G, H View FIGURE 19 , 20F View FIGURE 20 ). Compound chaetal shaft cylindrical; thin, flattened triangular short blade extending from rounded joint ( Figs 19E View FIGURE 19 , 20F View FIGURE 20 ). Pygidium with one pair of lobed pygidial cirri (~ 0.15 mm long) rounded distally ( Fig. 20B View FIGURE 20 ).

Variation. Most G. patricki n. sp. type material specimens were within + /- 1 to 3 mm from the holotype in overall length, though one juvenile was ~ 10 mm smaller than the holotype. The specimens ranged from ~40 segments to ~70 segments. In life, the paratypes of G. patricki n. sp. had a body that was semi-translucent white/pink at parapodial lobes, dorsal and ventral cirri, prostomium and pygidium; red in the gut region center with a yellow patch on prostomium, elongated cirri and pygidial cirri ( Fig. 19B View FIGURE 19 ).

Remarks. Most G. patricki n. sp. samples were collected from Parrita Seep, Costa Rica (1400 m), except for one specimen collected from the deeper Jacó Scar, Costa Rica (1800 m). A single sample, A1424, was collected from a multicore that was deployed offsite in the vicinity of the seep. Some G. patricki n. sp. specimens were found in sediment tubes inside empty vestimentiferan tubes. Morphologically, G. patricki n. sp. is most like G. verenae new comb. as both species show no fusion of anterior segments with the prostomium. However, in the phylogenetic analyses, G. patricki n. sp. was the sister group to the rest of the genus ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 ). Galapagomystides patricki n. sp. lacks dorsal cirri on segment three (all other species have either elongated or regular dorsal cirri on segment three). The chaetae of G. patricki n. sp. had the shortest blades compared to other species and are also triangular (while the blades in other species are falcate).

Etymology: Galapagomystides patricki n. sp. is named after Patrick Shaughnessy, whose love and support during this project was instrumental to the lead author’s success.