Simulium (Boophthora) erythrocephalum (De Geer, 1776)

Sirin, Uemit Davut, Caliskan, Hakan & Sahin, Yalcin, 2015, Black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Turkish Thrace, with a new record for Turkey, Biodiversity Data Journal 3, pp. 4834-4834 : 4834

Simulium (Boophthora) erythrocephalum (De Geer, 1776)

Materials

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: sex: 1 male pharate adult; lifeStage: 4 pupae, 3 larvae / 3 pupae, 1 larvae; Taxon: scientificName: Simulium (Boophthora) erythrocephalum (De Geer, 1776); kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Simuliidae; genus: Simulium; subgenus: Boophthora; scientificNameAuthorship: (De Geer, 1776); Location: continent: Europe; country: Turkey; stateProvince: Tekirdağ; county: Saray; locationRemarks: 23; verbatimLatitude: 41°28'49.33"N; verbatimLongitude: 27°57'11.84"E; Identification: identificationID: esoguent-th-ıd- 16; Event: eventDate: 24.05.2002 / 09.07.2003 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: lifeStage: 4 pupae, 5 larvae; Taxon: scientificName: Simulium (Boophthora) erythrocephalum (De Geer, 1776); kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Simuliidae; genus: Simulium; subgenus: Boophthora; scientificNameAuthorship: (De Geer, 1776); Location: continent: Europe; country: Turkey; stateProvince: Edirne; county: İnece; locationRemarks: 55; verbatimLatitude: 41°40'13.00"N; verbatimLongitude: 27°4'7.90"E; Identification: identificationID: esoguent-th-ıd- 17; Event: eventDate: 05/29/2002 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: lifeStage: 9 pupae, 6 larvae; Taxon: scientificName: Simulium (Boophthora) erythrocephalum (De Geer, 1776); kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Simuliidae; genus: Simulium; subgenus: Boophthora; scientificNameAuthorship: (De Geer, 1776); Location: continent: Europe; country: Turkey; stateProvince: Edirne; county: İnece; locationRemarks: 56; verbatimLatitude: 41°40'42.77"N; verbatimLongitude: 26°59'24.21"E; Identification: identificationID: esoguent-th-ıd- 18; Event: eventDate: 05/29/2002 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: lifeStage: 8 pupae, 7 larvae; Taxon: scientificName: Simulium (Boophthora) erythrocephalum (De Geer, 1776); kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Simuliidae; genus: Simulium; subgenus: Boophthora; scientificNameAuthorship: (De Geer, 1776); Location: continent: Europe; country: Turkey; stateProvince: Edirne; county: Merkez; locationRemarks: 57; verbatimLatitude: 41°44'12.71"N; verbatimLongitude: 26°39'26.00"E; Identification: identificationID: esoguent-th-ıd- 19; Event: eventDate: 05/29/2002 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: lifeStage: 6 pupae, 3 larvae; Taxon: scientificName: Simulium (Boophthora) erythrocephalum (De Geer, 1776); kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Simuliidae; genus: Simulium; subgenus: Boophthora; scientificNameAuthorship: (De Geer, 1776); Location: continent: Europe; country: Turkey; stateProvince: Edirne; county: Merkez; locationRemarks: 61; verbatimLatitude: 41°43'25.74"N; verbatimLongitude: 26°33'38.19"E; Identification: identificationID: esoguent-th-ıd- 20; Event: eventDate: 05/30/2002 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: lifeStage: 4 pupae, 8 larvae; Taxon: scientificName: Simulium (Boophthora) erythrocephalum (De Geer, 1776); kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Simuliidae; genus: Simulium; subgenus: Boophthora; scientificNameAuthorship: (De Geer, 1776); Location: continent: Europe; country: Turkey; stateProvince: Edirne; county: Hatipköy; locationRemarks: 63; verbatimLatitude: 41°48'14.99"N; verbatimLongitude: 26°33'13.31"E; Identification: identificationID: esoguent-th-ıd- 21; Event: eventDate: 05/30/2002 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: lifeStage: 8 pupae, 5 larvae; Taxon: scientificName: Simulium (Boophthora) erythrocephalum (De Geer, 1776); kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Simuliidae; genus: Simulium; subgenus: Boophthora; scientificNameAuthorship: (De Geer, 1776); Location: continent: Europe; country: Turkey; stateProvince: Edirne; county: Havsa; locationRemarks: 67; verbatimLatitude: 41°22'5.91"N; verbatimLongitude: 26°40'1.43"E; Identification: identificationID: esoguent-th-ıd- 22; Event: eventDate: 06/01/2002 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: sex: 3 males, 3 females; lifeStage: 5 pupae, 7 larvae; Taxon: scientificName: Simulium (Boophthora) erythrocephalum (De Geer, 1776); kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Simuliidae; genus: Simulium; subgenus: Boophthora; scientificNameAuthorship: (De Geer, 1776); Location: continent: Europe; country: Turkey; stateProvince: Edirne; county: Uzunköprü; locationRemarks: 68; verbatimLatitude: 41°10'9.16"N; verbatimLongitude: 26°40'17.11"E; Identification: identificationID: esoguent-th-ıd- 23; Event: eventDate: 06/01/2002 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: sex: 1 male pharate adult; lifeStage: 2 pupae, 9 larvae, 1 pupae; Taxon: scientificName: Simulium (Boophthora) erythrocephalum (De Geer, 1776); kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Simuliidae; genus: Simulium; subgenus: Boophthora; scientificNameAuthorship: (De Geer, 1776); Location: continent: Europe; country: Turkey; stateProvince: Edirne; county: Uzunköprü; locationRemarks: 69; verbatimLatitude: 41°6'21.69"N; verbatimLongitude: 26°38'11.89"E; Identification: identificationID: esoguent-th-ıd- 24; Event: eventDate: 01.06.2002 / 06.07.2003 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: lifeStage: 6 pupae, 6 larvae; Taxon: scientificName: Simulium (Boophthora) erythrocephalum (De Geer, 1776); kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Simuliidae; genus: Simulium; subgenus: Boophthora; scientificNameAuthorship: (De Geer, 1776); Location: continent: Europe; country: Turkey; stateProvince: Edirne; county: Keşan; locationRemarks: 70; verbatimLatitude: 41°5'0.44"N; verbatimLongitude: 26°32'11.32"E; Identification: identificationID: esoguent-th-ıd- 25; Event: eventDate: 06/01/2002 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: lifeStage: 4 pupae, 7 larvae; Taxon: scientificName: Simulium (Boophthora) erythrocephalum (De Geer, 1776); kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Simuliidae; genus: Simulium; subgenus: Boophthora; scientificNameAuthorship: (De Geer, 1776); Location: continent: Europe; country: Turkey; stateProvince: Edirne; county: Keşan; locationRemarks: 75; verbatimLatitude: 40°46'5.97"N; verbatimLongitude: 26°30'42.72"E; Identification: identificationID: esoguent-th-ıd- 26; Event: eventDate: 06/02/2002 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: sex: 1 male pharate adult; lifeStage: 8 pupae, 7 larvae; Taxon: scientificName: Simulium (Boophthora) erythrocephalum (De Geer, 1776); kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Simuliidae; genus: Simulium; subgenus: Boophthora; scientificNameAuthorship: (De Geer, 1776); Location: continent: Europe; country: Turkey; stateProvince: Edirne; county: Keşan; locationRemarks: 79; verbatimLatitude: 40°46'47.72"N; verbatimLongitude: 26°41'3.96"E; Identification: identificationID: esoguent-th-ıd- 27; Event: eventDate: 06/03/2002 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: lifeStage: 4 pupae / 2 pupae, 5 larvae; Taxon: scientificName: Simulium (Boophthora) erythrocephalum (De Geer, 1776); kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Simuliidae; genus: Simulium; subgenus: Boophthora; scientificNameAuthorship: (De Geer, 1776); Location: continent: Europe; country: Turkey; stateProvince: Tekirdağ; county: Şarköy; locationRemarks: 83; verbatimLatitude: 40°46'21.52"N; verbatimLongitude: 27°3'32.09"E; Identification: identificationID: esoguent-th-ıd- 28; Event: eventDate: 01.06.2002 / 05.07.2003 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: lifeStage: 4 pupae, 8 larvae; Taxon: scientificName: Simulium (Boophthora) erythrocephalum (De Geer, 1776); kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Simuliidae; genus: Simulium; subgenus: Boophthora; scientificNameAuthorship: (De Geer, 1776); Location: continent: Europe; country: Turkey; stateProvince: Tekirdağ; county: Malkara; locationRemarks: 93; verbatimLatitude: 40°56'45.42"N; verbatimLongitude: 26°53'8.36"E; Identification: identificationID: esoguent-th-ıd- 29; Event: eventDate: 06/06/2002 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: lifeStage: 5 pupae, 5 larvae; Taxon: scientificName: Simulium (Boophthora) erythrocephalum (De Geer, 1776); kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Simuliidae; genus: Simulium; subgenus: Boophthora; scientificNameAuthorship: (De Geer, 1776); Location: continent: Europe; country: Turkey; stateProvince: Tekirdağ; county: Malkara; locationRemarks: 97; verbatimLatitude: 41°0'48.93"N; verbatimLongitude: 26°56'39.41"E; Identification: identificationID: esoguent-th-ıd- 30; Event: eventDate: 06/06/2002 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: sex: 1 male; lifeStage: 6 pupae, 3 larvae; Taxon: scientificName: Simulium (Boophthora) erythrocephalum (De Geer, 1776); kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Simuliidae; genus: Simulium; subgenus: Boophthora; scientificNameAuthorship: (De Geer, 1776); Location: continent: Europe; country: Turkey; stateProvince: Tekirdağ; county: Hayrabolu; locationRemarks: 98; verbatimLatitude: 41°7'22.32"N; verbatimLongitude: 27°7'49.78"E; Identification: identificationID: esoguent-th-ıd- 31; Event: eventDate: 06/06/2002 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: lifeStage: 7 pupae, 9 larvae; Taxon: scientificName: Simulium (Boophthora) erythrocephalum (De Geer, 1776); kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Simuliidae; genus: Simulium; subgenus: Boophthora; scientificNameAuthorship: (De Geer, 1776); Location: continent: Europe; country: Turkey; stateProvince: Tekirdağ; county: Hayrabolu; locationRemarks: 100; verbatimLatitude: 41°11'28.14"N; verbatimLongitude: 27°12'29.08"E; Identification: identificationID: esoguent-th-ıd- 32; Event: eventDate: 06/06/2002 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: sex: 1 male pharate adult; lifeStage: 8 pupae, 5 larvae; Taxon: scientificName: Simulium (Boophthora) erythrocephalum (De Geer, 1776); kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Simuliidae; genus: Simulium; subgenus: Boophthora; scientificNameAuthorship: (De Geer, 1776); Location: continent: Europe; country: Turkey; stateProvince: Kırklareli; county: Babaeski; locationRemarks: 103; verbatimLatitude: 41°27'8.31"N; verbatimLongitude: 27°2'44.09"E; Identification: identificationID: esoguent-th-ıd- 33; Event: eventDate: 06/07/2002

Notes

Simulium erythrocephalum is the most abundant species of the subgenus Boophthora in the western Palearctic and is reported from the Far East of Asia ( Adler and Crosskey 2015). Breeding sites of S. erythrocephalum are generally weedy, lowland streams and rivers, such as the Danube (Germany, Serbia), the Spree (Germany), the Warta (Poland), and the Morava (Czech Republich). In Central Europe, it occurs in various flowing-water systems such as lowland streams, outflows from ponds, irrigation constructions and large rivers ( Werner and Kampen 2012). It can develop large populations and become a serious pest and nuisance to humans and farm animals ( Ignjatović-Ćupına et al. 2006) In Anatolia, it has been recorded by several authors. Sirin and Sahin (2005) found it at two sites in the Sakarya river basin for the first time in Turkey. Kazancı and Ertunç (2008) stated that S. erythrocephalum lives in the Büyük Menderes river basin in southwestern Anatolia. It is recorded by Gazyağcı and Aydenizöz (2011) from the Kızılırmak River in Kırıkkale Province. The latest record for S. erythrocephalum from Turkey was given by Şirin et al. (2014) from Sakarya and Kocaeli Provinces. According to the keys of Knoz (1965) and Bass (1998), the species can be identified by a pair of inconspicuous dorsolateral papillae on each segment of the larva, the pattern of the larval head capsule, the branching pattern of the six pupal gill filaments, and the shape of the pupal cocoon. The male genitalia of our specimens conform to the description by Rubtsov (1956).