Gallerucida lutea Gressitt & Kimoto

Lee, Chi-Feng, 2017, The genus Gallerucida Motschulsky in Taiwan (Insecta, Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae), ZooKeys 723, pp. 121-151 : 133-136

Gallerucida lutea Gressitt & Kimoto Figs 6 A–C, 7, 8

Gallerucida lutea Gressitt & Kimoto, 1963: 124 (China: Guangdong, Hubei); Kimoto 1969: 68 (Taiwan); Wilcox 1971: 204 (catalogue); Kimoto and Chu 1996: 92 (catalogue); Kimoto and Takizawa 1997: 392 (catalogue); Lee and An 2001: 127 (Korea); Beenen 2010: 459 (catalogue); Lee and Cheng 2010: 90 (biology); Yang et al. 2015: 173 (catalogue).

Type material.

Holotype ♂ (CAS), labeled: "N. KWANGTUNG / China, Lochang, [p,w] // 1947 [h, w] // L. Gressitt / Collection [p, w] // HOLOTYPE [p] ♂ / Gallerucida / lutea [h] / Gressitt & Kimoto [p, r] // Gallerucida / lutea / Holo G & K [h] / J. L. Gressitt det. [p, w] // California Academy / of Sciences / Type / No. [p] 13271 [h, w]". Paratypes: 1♂ (BPBM): "N. KWANGTUNG / China, Lochang, [p,w] // 1947 [h, w] // L. Gressitt / Collection [p, w] // ALLOTYPE [p] / Gallerucida / lutea ♀ [h] / Gressitt & Kimoto [p, r] // 3321 [h, w] // Gallerucida / sp. nov. 6 / lutea. Allo [h] / Det. S. Kimoto [p] 61 [h, w]"; 1♀ (CAS), labeled: "Suisapa, 1000 M. / Lichuen Distr. / W. Hupeh, China / VII-30-48 [p, w] // Gressitt & / Djou Collrs. [p, w] // PARATYPE [p] / Gallerucida / lutea [h] / Gressitt & Kimoto [p, y] // Galerucida / s. p. lutea / (nr. sp.6) [h] / Det. Kimoto [p] '61 [h, w]".

Diagnosis.

Gallerucida lutea adults can be recognized by their yellowish brown bodies. Darker individuals of G. lutea may look like entirely black individuals of G. bifasciata , but the elytra of G. lutea possess extremely coarse punctures and minute punctures between coarse punctures and filiform antenna.

Redescription.

Length 8.4-9.8 mm, width 4.7-5.9 mm. General color (Fig. 6 A–B) yellowish or reddish brown; antenna black except three basal antennomeres; tibiae and tarsi entirely black. Antenna serrate in male (Fig. 7A), length ratios of antennomeres I–XI 1.0: 0.4: 0.6: 0.9: 0.8: 0.9: 0.9: 0.9: 0.9: 0.9: 1.2, length to width ratios of antennomeres I–IX 2.5: 1.4: 1.5: 1.8: 1.8: 1.9: 2.0: 2.0: 2.5: 2.6: 4.0; antennomeres IV-VII filiform and VIII-X serrate in female (Fig. 7B), length ratios of antennomeres I–XI 1.0: 0.4: 0.5: 0.7: 0.6: 0.7: 0.7: 0.6: 0.6: 0.6: 0.8, length to width ratios of antennomeres I–IX 3.1: 1.5: 2.0: 2.6: 2.2: 2.1: 1.8: 1.6: 1.6: 1.7: 2.2. Pronotum transverse, 1.9 × wider than long, disc convex, with oblique depressions at sides, medially abbreviated, disc without microreticulation, with extremely coarse, sparse punctures; lateral margin slightly rounded; apical margin concave; basal margin convex. Elytra parallel from base to basal 1/3, gradually widened towards basal 1/3, lateral margin serrate subapically; 1.4 × longer than wide, disc without microreticulation but with extremely coarse punctures arranged into striae, with tiny punctures between strial punctures; dorso-ventrally flattened. Penis (Fig. 7 C–D) elongate, 6.4 × longer than wide; parallel-sided; abruptly widened from apical 1/3 to 1/6, apex circular; slightly curved at lateral view; ventral surface well sclerotized; endophallic sclerite complex (Fig. 7H) large, about 0.6 × as long as penis, composed of one median sclerite and one pair of lateral sclerites, median sclerite longitudinal, strongly curved near apex, with lateral process at apical 1/4, with dense setae along apical margin of lateral process; lateral sclerites longitudinal but much shorter, about 0.5 × as long as median one, curved near apex, apices truncate or concave. Gonocoxae (Fig. 7F) wide, connected from base to middle, apices rounded, with dense elongate setae. Ventrite VIII (Fig. 7E) longitudinal, apex transverse, apical margin truncate; with dense short setae along lateral and apical margin; spiculum slender. Receptacle of spermatheca (Fig. 7G) strongly swollen; pump short but strongly curved; proximal spermathecal duct wide and deeply inserted into receptacle.

Variation.

Some individuals have black legs and bodies darker than usual (Fig. 6C).

Host plant.

Vitaceae : Vitis kelungensis Moriyama ( Lee and Cheng 2010).

Biology.

Gallerucida lutea populations are presumably univoltine. The following life cycle information is based on our (TCRT) observations ( Lee and Cheng 2010). Females began to deposit an average of 140 eggs in single egg masses (Fig. 8A) during April or May. Eggs hatched in 9 days. The larvae (Fig. 8B) fed on leaves and the larval duration was 11 days. Mature larvae (Fig. 8C) burrowed into the soil and built underground chambers for pupation (fig. 33E). Duration of the pupal stage was 15-17 days. Newly emerged adults appeared during spring and were active (Fig. 8D) during summer and autumn.

Other material examined.

CHINA. 3♂♂, 3♀♀ (BMNH); TAIWAN. Kaoshiang: 1♀ (TARI), Tona trail [多納林道], 3.XII.2012, leg. W.-C. Liao; 1♂ (TARI), same locality, 10.IX.2014, leg. B.-X. Guo; Keelung: 1♀ (TARI), Kangtzuliao [槓子寮], 28.IX.2011, leg. H. Lee; Taipei: 1♂ (TARI), Yangmingshan [陽明山], 15.III.1998, leg. C.-F. Lee; 7♂♂, 11♀♀ (TARI), same locality, reared from eggs, 6.VII.2008, leg. M.-H. Tsou; 11♂♂, 10♀♀ (TARI), same locality, reared from eggs, 26.V.2009, leg. M.-H. Tsou; 1♂ (TARI), Yulu trail [魚路古道], 6.VII.2008, leg. M.-H. Tsou; 1♀ (TARI), same but with “3.V.2009”.

Distribution.

China, Korea, Taiwan.