Kali parri Johnson and Cohen 1974

Melo, Marcelo R. S., 2008, The genus Kali Lloyd (Chiasmodontidae: Teleostei) with description of new two species, and the revalidation of K. kerberti Weber, Zootaxa 1747, pp. 1-33 : 22-24

Kali parri Johnson and Cohen 1974

( Figs. 1 E, 6, and 8; Tables 1 , 7 , and 8)

Kali parri Johnson and Cohen 1974: 37 –39, figure 13 [original description; type locality South Atlantic, 5°30'S, 16°28'W, 0–1900 m, 9–III–1971, R/V Walther Herwig; holotype ISH 2123a–1971]; Johnson and Keene 1986: 734, figure 228.9 [key to the species]; Smith (in press) [key to species]; Johnson and Keene 1990: 902 [record of eastern tropical Atlantic species].

Examined material. 11 specimens, including several paratypes. Atlantic, Slope Water: MCZ 162234, 1, 91.9 mm, 39°52’ N, 67°21’ W, 0–1400 m, 26–VII–2002, R/V Delaware; MCZ 164284, 1, 56.9 mm, 39°57’ N, 67°30’ W, 0–1428 m, 5–VI–2004, R/V Delaware. North Sargasso Sea: MCZ 101643, 1, 55.0 mm, 31°43’ N, 64°10’ W, 1000–1269 m, 13–VI–1992, R/V Endeavor. Straits of Florida: UF 131503, 1, 235.5 mm, 23°56’ N, 75°26’ W, 71–2162 m, 5–IX–1975, Staiger et al. col. Amazonian Province: ISH 919–1968, 1 (paratype), 109.4 mm, 3°00’ S, 26°16’ W, 0–2000, R/V Walther Herwig. South Atlantic Subtropical: USMN 207611, 1 (paratype), 192.0 mm, collected 27°14’ S, 2°56’ E, 0–2000 m, 1–IV–1971, R/V Walther Herwig. Guinean Province: ISH 2123b–1971, 1 (paratype), 142.5 mm, 27°14’ S, 2°56’ E, 0–2000 m, 1–IV– 1971, R/V Walther Herwig; USNM 207604, 1 (paratype, collected with holotype), 18.86 mm, 5°30'S, 16°28'W, 0–1900 m, 9–III–1971, R/V Walther Herwig. Indian. AMS 31143012, 1, 90.1 mm, 20°55’ S, 112°51’ E, 1128–1139 m, 23–I–1991, J. Paxton col. Pacific Plate: SIO 56–127–60, 1, 58.8 mm, 13°03’ N, 166°14’ E, 730 m, 23/ 24–VI–1956, R/V Horizon; SIO 72–307–60, 1, 62.7 mm, 25°06’ S, 154°53’ W, 29– VII–1972, R/V Melville.

Diagnosis. Kali parri is diagnosed from its congeners by four unique characteristics: the orobranchial chamber and gill arches black, intensively pigmented (vs. orobranchial chamber and gill arches pale, melanophores widely spaced or absent); teeth in lateral series of premaxilla and dentary with ventral attachment, recurved, extending along the entire dentigerous area, teeth type 4 completely absent (vs. teeth type 4 in lateral series of premaxilla and dentary always present, needle-like, caniniform or recurved; recurved teeth with ventral attachment in lateral series absent in K. colubrina , K. falx , K. indica , K. kerberti , K. macrodon , and restricted to posterior part of dentigerous area of premaxilla and dentary in K. macrura ); tooth crown not distinguishable (vs. tooth crown clearly distinguishable in teeth in mesial series, 10.0–45% in tooth length). Kali parri can be further distinguished from all species of Kali , except K. macrura by smaller number of second dorsal-fin rays, 20–23, modally 21 (vs. second dorsal-fin rays usually 22 or more); anal-fin rays 20–23, modally 22 (vs. anal-fin rays usually more than 22).

Description. Moderate-sized species of Kali , largest specimen examined 235.5 mm SL. Meristic data summarized in table 3, and morphometric in table 5. General body pattern as described for genus.

Dentition. Teeth present on premaxilla, dentary, palatine, upper and lower pharyngobranchials; premaxilla and dentary as illustrated in figure 1 E. Tooth crown not distinguishable. Premaxilla elongate, slightly arched in lateral view, with teeth arranged in two series: lateral and mesial. Lateral series in single row, teeth with ventral attachment, recurved, with flange; teeth at anterior edge of premaxilla flared outwards. Mesial series in single row; teeth with ventral attachment, with flange, all except third, recurved; third tooth elongated slightly curved, largest, 10.4–12.1% in premaxillary length; none enlarged as fang. Teeth equally and closed spaced, decreasing in size from anterior to posterior.

Dentary elongate, slightly arched in lateral view; teeth arranged in two series of single row each: lateral and mesial. Lateral series in single row, teeth with ventral attachment, recurved, with flange; teeth at anterior curvature of dentary flared outwards. Mesial series in single row; teeth with ventral attachment, with flange, all except second recurved; second tooth elongated slightly curved, largest, 6.7–8.4% in dentary length; none developed as fang. Teeth equally and closely spaced, decreasing in size from anterior to posterior.

Palatine teeth type 4, conical, slender, with flange, in single row. Lower pharyngeal teeth type 4, conical, slender, without flange, in single row; upper pharyngeal teeth type 4, conical, slender, without flange, in patches. Gill rakers tooth-like, type 1, conical, slender, without flange; present on first, second, third and fourth arches; absent in basihyal and basibranchials.

Distribution. In equatorial to temperate regions; in the Atlantic from 40° N to 30° S, western Indian off Australia and in the Pacific Plate from 13° N to 25° S ( Fig. 9 ).

Bathymetric distribution. Bathypelagic zone; more frequently recorded at depths around 2000 m (mean 1649 m). A single record from above 1000 m (730 m); deepest record at 2162 m.

Color. Skin covering preserved in most specimens examined, description based on ISH 2123b/1971. Epidermis black; dermis thin, dusky, melanophores not distinguishable. Peritoneum black. Orobranchial chamber, gill arches and membranes between branchiostegal rays black; gill filaments pale.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Schematic of the dentition in species of Kali; lower and upper jaws illustrated in lateral view: (A) K. indica, SIO 69 – 19 – 60; (B) K. kerberti, AMNH 225946; (C) K. macrodon, USNM 207597; (D) K. macrura USNM 207608; (E) K. parri, ISH 2123 b – 1971; (F) K. colubrina, UF 149944; (G) K. falx, USNM 207618. Teeth with ventral attachment to bone indicated in red, darker in mesial series, lighter in lateral series; type 4 teeth indicated in blue, darker in mesial series, lighter in lateral series; see text for details. Scale bar equals to 1 cm.

FIGURE 9. Map of distribution of and Kali parri (asterisks), K. colubrina (crosses) and K. falx (pentagons). Solid symbols stand for type localities, open symbols for specimens listed herein; each symbol may represent more than one sampling locality or lot of specimens.