Lasioglossum (Hemihalictus) speculinum ( Cockerell, 1925 )

Murao, Ryuki, 2021, Redefinition of the sexstrigatus group of Lasioglossum (Hemihalictus) Cockerell, 1897 (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Halictidae), with a revision of Japanese species, European Journal of Taxonomy 763, pp. 1-74 : 39-41

Lasioglossum (Hemihalictus) speculinum ( Cockerell, 1925)

Figs 11 , 16C , 17F , 20G

Halictus perplexans var. speculinus Cockerell,1925:11 (holotype:USNM, ♀,type locality =Preobrageniya Bay, Siberia, Russia, examined).

Lasioglossum (Evylaeus) speculinum – Ebmer 1978a: 212; 1996: 294; 2006: 573.

Evylaeus (Prosopalictus) speculinus – Pesenko 2007b: 111.

Lasioglossum (Hemihalictus) speculinum – Murao 2017a: 461 .

Diagnosis

Females are separated from other members of the sexstrigatus group occurring in Japan by a combination of the following character states: head relatively longer than wide (length / width ratio 1.07); metasoma entirely black; metasomal terga with white fimbriae on latero-apical margins; and disc of T1 basally to medially with distinct lineolation ( Fig. 16C ) ( Murao 2017a).

Material examined

Holotype RUSSIA – Siberia • ♀; Preobrageniya Bay; 12 Jul.; USNM.

Other material

JAPAN – Hokkaido • 1 ♀; Ashoro-cho, Ashoro ; 43°20′0″ N, 143°40′0″ E; 2 Jul. 2013; O. Tadauchi leg.; ELKU • 1 ♀; Honbetsu-cho, Senbiri ; 43°35′0″ N, 143°35′0″ E; 1 Jul. 2013; O. Tadauchi leg.; ELKU • 1 ♀; Ikeda ( Tokachi ); 14–16 Jul. 1953; Y. Hirashima leg.; ELKU • 2 ♀♀; Sapporo, Barato ; 21 Jun. 1973; M. Matsumoto leg.; MNHAH • 2 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 28 Jun. 1973; M. Matsumoto leg.; MNHAH • 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 22 Jul. 1973; M. Matsumoto leg.; MNHAH • 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 3 Aug. 1973; M. Matsumoto leg.; MNHAH • 2 ♀♀; Hamakoshimizu ; 19 Jun. 1966; H. Fukuda leg.; MNHAH • 7 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 26 Jul. 1966; H. Fukuda leg.; MNHAH • 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 27 Jul. 1966; H. Fukuda leg.; MNHAH • 7 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 27 Sep. 1966; H. Fukuda leg.; MNHAH • 6 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 28 Sep. 1966; H. Fukuda leg.; MNHAH • 2 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 19 Jun. 1967; H. Fukuda leg.; MNHAH • 4 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 6 Jul. 1967; H. Fukuda leg.; MNHAH • 1 ♀; Asahikawa, Inosawa ; 25 Jun. 1969; MNHAH • 12 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 27 Jun. 1969; MNHAH • 8 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 13 Jul. 1969; MNHAH • 2 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 26 Aug. 1969; MNHAH • 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 10 Jun. 1970; MNHAH • 2 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 25 Jul. 1970; MNHAH • 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 11 Aug. 1970 MNHAH • 3 ♀♀; Sapporo ; 16 Jul. 1968; S.F. Sakagami leg.; MNHAH • 3 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 23 Jul. 1968; S.F. Sakagami leg.; MNHAH • 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 3 Aug. 1968; S.F. Sakagami leg.; MNHAH • 1 ♀; Tobetsu ; 9 Jul. 1974; M. Ishikawa leg.; MNHAH • 1 ♀; Sapporo, Hokkaido University Campus ; 6 Jun. 1959; S.F. Sakagami leg.; MNHAH • 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 11 Jun. 1959; S.F. Sakagami leg.; MNHAH • 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 26 Jun. 1959 S.F. Sakagami leg.; MNHAH • 3 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 30 Jun. 1959; S.F. Sakagami leg.; MNHAH • 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 5 Jul. 1959; S.F. Sakagami leg.; MNHAH • 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 6 Jul. 1959; S.F. Sakagami leg.; MNHAH • 3 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 14 Jul. 1959; S.F. Sakagami leg.; MNHAH • 2 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 2 Sep. 1959; S.F. Sakagami leg.; MNHAH • 4 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 9 Sep. 1959; S.F. Sakagami leg.; MNHAH. – Honshu • 1 ♀; Aomori Pref., Misawa, Amagamori ; 21 Jul. 1986; M. Yamada leg.; MNHAH • 1 ♀; Ibaraki Pref., Tsukuba, Kouyadai ; 24 Jul. 1989; T. Matsumura leg.; MNHAH • 2 ♀♀; Tottori Pref., Seihaku-gun, Daisen-cho ; 16 Jul. 2004; T. Sugimoto leg.; cMur • 1 ♀; Okayama Pref., Soujya-shi ; 5 Jul. 2006; Y. Kenmotsu leg.; ELKU • 1 ♀; Hiroshima Pref., Asida river; 17 May 1997; S. Nakamura leg.; ELKU. – Izu Islands • 2 ♀♀; Hachijo Is. , Okago-Sokoto ; 27 May 1964; Y. Hirashima and M. Shiga leg.; ELKU • 2 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 5 Jun. 1964; Y. Hirashima and M. Shiga leg.; ELKU. – Kyushu • 3 ♀♀; Kumamoto Pref., Aso-gun, Aso-machi, near Mt Komezuka; 23 Jul. 2004; R. Murao and T. Sugimoto leg.; cMur • 1 ♀, Kumamoto Pref., Kikuchigun, Ohzu ; 2 Jul. 2003; M. Ishida leg.; AETU • 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 14 Jul. 2003; M. Ishida leg.; AETU • 2 ♀♀; Kumamoto Pref., Aso-gun, Ichinomiya-machi, Tateyamabokuya ; 22 Jul. 2004; R. Murao leg.; cMur • 1 ♀; Kumamoto Pref., Aso-gun, Aso-machi, Yamadaseibubokuya ; 22 Jul. 2004; T. Sugimoto leg.; cMur .

Redescription

Female

MEASUREMENTS (n=5, unit mm). BL =4.50–5.00 (4.85± 0.21), WL= 4.38–4.63 (4.50 ± 0.13), HL=1.48– 1.61 (1.55 ±0.05), HW= 1.39–1.48 (1.45± 0.04), IOD =0.26–0.31 (0.28 ± 0.02), OOD=0.26–0.29 (0.28 ± 0.01), OCD= 0.16–0.19 (0.18± 0.01), UOD= 0.90–1.00 (0.96± 0.04), MOD =1.06–1.13 (1.08± 0.03), LOD =0.74–0.84 (0.80 ± 0.04), IAD =0.11–0.15 (0.13 ±0.01), AOD =0.27–0.29 (0.28 ± 0.01), CAL =0.27–0.31 (0.30 ± 0.02), CPL=0.27–0.34 (0.32 ±0.03), EL=1.65–1.75 (1.70± 0.05), EW =0.35–0.39 (0.37 ± 0.02), GW=0.23–0.35 (0.31 ± 0.05), SPL=0.56–0.61 (0.59 ± 0.03), F1L=0.08– 0.11 (0.09± 0.01), F2L=0.08–0.29 (0.08 ± 0.00), F3L=0.08 (0.08± 0.00), F2W=0.11–0.15 (0.13± 0.01), MsW = 1.70–1.85 (1.75 ±0.06), SCL= 0.35–0.43 (0.38 ± 0.03), MNL=0.15–0.20 (0.19 ± 0.02), MPL =0.20–0.28 (0.25 ±0.03), MtW=1.70–2.00 (1.83± 0.11).

COLORATION. Body black except for the following parts: mandible reddish brown apically; F8–F10 or F6–F10 yellowish brown ventrally; tegula yellowish brown translucent; tibial spur yellow; metasomal terga broadly yellowish brown translucent apically. Wings transparent, veins and stigma blackish brown. PUBESCENCE. Body hairs whitish, and covered with erect and sparse straight or fine branched hairs except for the following parts: pronotal dorsum to lobe and metanotum densely tomentose; hind trochanter, femur, and tibia mixed with plumose hairs, forming scopa. Disc of T1 with sparse short hairs on medial and posterior areas. Discs of T2–T4 with moderately dense short hairs over entire surface.

STRUCTURE AND SCULPTURE HEAD. Slightly longer than wide; HW:HL= 1:1.07. Vertex rounded in frontal view. MOD:UOD:LOD=1:0.89:0.74. IOD:OOD:OCD =1:1:0.66. IAD:AOD =1:2.18. Ocellocular area densely puctate, IS smooth (IS =0.5–1.5 d). Paraocular area and frons weakly shiny, with shallow reticulate PP. Supraclypeal area slightly convex, weakly shiny, with moderately dense PP, IS nearly smooth (IS =0.5–4 d). CPL:CAL=1:0.94. Clypeus nearly flat, with dense PP on upper half and larger shallow PP on lower half; IS smooth over entire surface (IS =0.5–1 d on upper half). EW:GW =1:0.84. Genal area to postgena with straight ridges. Malar space linear. Occiput not carinate. Hypostomal carinae nearly parallel. Mandible bidentate. Labrum ( Fig. 11C ): basal area approximately 1.8 × as wide as long; distal process approximately 0.6 × as long as basal area, tongue-like, and without lateral projection; distal keel pointed apically. Antenna short, not reaching metasoma. F2L:F2W=1:1.56; flagellum nearly flattened ventrally.

THORAX. Dorsolateral angle of pronotum obtuse; lateral surface without ridges; lateral lobe rounded. Tegula ovoid, nearly smooth. Mesoscutum ( Fig. 11D ) with dense PP over entire surface; IS weakly tessellate on anterior half, and nearly smooth on posterior half (IS=0.5–3 d); parapsidal line a narrow groove. Mesoscutellum with sparse PP on submedian area and denser PP on marginal area; IS smooth over entire surface (IS=1–4 d on submedian area, and 0.5–1.5 d on marginal area). Metanotum weakly rugulose. Mesepisternum with reticulate PP over entire surface. SCL:MNL:MPL=1:0.49:0.64. Propodeum: metapostnotum ( Fig. 11E ) weakly shiny and gently inclined, with nearly straight ridges reaching posterior area; junction between metapostnotum and posterior surface not carinate, weakly tessellate; lateral surface weakly rugulose; posterior surface with lateral carina on lower half, without oblique carina. Coxae normal shape, without tubercle. Fore trochanter narrow, longer than wide. Basitibial plate of hind leg carinate marginally. Inner hind tibial spur with 3–4 slender teeth as in Fig. 20G (n = 6). Fore wing with three submarginal cells.

ABDOMEN. Disc of T1 with moderately dense distinct PP on medial area and with lineolation on anterior and medial areas (lineolation reaching punctate zone on medial area, but interrupted on submedial patch) ( Fig. 16C ). Disc of T2–T3 nearly smooth on medial area, and very weakly lineolate on remaining part. Disc of T4 with very weak lineolation over entire surface.

Male

Not examined in the present study.

Variation

Disc of T1 distinctly lineolate over entire surface in three specimens collected from Hachijo Is., Japan.

Distribution

Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu, Izu-shotô Islands), Korean Peninsula, Russian Far East, China.

Flight period

Female: June to September.

Males have been collected from July to August in the Korean Peninsula ( Ebmer 1978b).

Flower records

The specimens examined in this paper were collected on the flowers of 26 species in 13 families as follows. Apiaceae : Aegopodium podagraria L. Araliaceae : Aralia cordata Thunb. Asteraceae : Argyranthemum frutescens (L.) Sch.Bip.; Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers.; Hieracium umbellatum L.; Inula salicina L. var. asiatica Kitam. ; Leontodon taraxacoides (Vill.) Mérat ; Picris hieracioides L. subsp. japonica (Thunb.) Krylov ; Rudbeckia laciniata L.; Solidago virgaurea L. subsp. leiocarpa (Benth.) Hultén ; Sonchus brachyotus DC. ; Sonchus sp. ; Taraxacum sp. Brassicaceae : Brassica rapa L. var. oleifera DC. Convolvulaceae : Calystegia pubescens Lindl. Fabaceae : Trifolium pratense L.; Trifolium repens L. Geraniaceae : Geranium sp. ; Geranium yesoense Franch. & Sav. var. pseudopalustre Nakai. Hypericaceae : Hypericum erectum Thunb. Lamiaceae : Lavandula angustifolia Mill. Oxalidaceae : Oxalis corniculata L. Ranunculaceae : Ranunculus repens L. Rosaceae : Rosa multiflora Thunb. ; Rosa rugosa Thunb. Rubiaceae : Galium verum L. subsp. asiaticum (Nakai) T.Yamaz. var. asiaticum Nakai f. lacteum (Maxim.) Nakai.

Figures

Fig. 11. Lasioglossum (Hemihalictus) speculinum (Cockerell, 1925), ♀. A. Lateral habitus. B. Head in frontal view. C. Labrum. D. Mesoscutum. E. Metapostnotum. Scale bars: A = 3 mm; B, D–E, = 0.5 mm; C = 0.2 mm.

Fig. 16. 1st metasomal tergum, ♀. A–B. Lasioglossum (Hemihalictus) spectrum sp. nov. C. L. (H.) speculinum (Cockerell, 1925). D. L. (H.) sphecodicolor Sakagami & Tadauchi, 1995. E. L. (H.) subsimplicior sp. nov. F. L. (H.) taeniolellum (Vachal, 1903). Scale bars: 1 mm.

Fig. 17. Distribution maps. A. Lasioglossum (Hemihalictus) frigidum Sakagami & Ebmer, 1996. B. L. (H.) kiautschouense (Strand, 1910). C. L. (H.) ohei Hirashima & Sakagami, 1966. D. L. (H.) simplicior (Cockerell, 1931). E. L. (H.) spectrum sp. nov. F. L. (H.) speculinum (Cockerell, 1925).

Fig. 20. Female inner hind tibial spur. A. Lasioglossum (Hemihalictus) frigidum Sakagami & Ebmer, 1996. B. L. (H.) ikudomei sp. nov. C. L. (H.) kiautschouense (Strand, 1910). D. L. (H.) ohei Hirashima & Sakagami, 1966. E. L. (H.) smilodon Ebmer & Sakagami, 1994. F. L. (H.) spectrum sp. nov. G. L. (H.) speculinum (Cockerell, 1925). H. L. (H.) sphecodicolor Sakagami & Tadauchi, 1995. I. L. (H.) taeniolellum (Vachal, 1903). Scale bars: 0.2 mm.