Paragnia Gahan, 1893

Huang, Gui-Qiang, Li, Song & Zhang, Gui-Mei, 2020, A review of the genus Paragnia Gahan, 1893 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae: Lamiini), Zootaxa 4778 (1), pp. 159-170 : 160-161

Paragnia Gahan, 1893 ḦĦK+¤

Paragnia Gahan, 1893: 384 ; Aurivillius, 1922: 121; Breuning, 1961: 341; Rondon & Breuning, 1970: 445; Löbl & Smetana, 2010: 284; Kariyanna et al., 2017: 164; Lin & Yang, 2019. Type species: Paragnia fulvomaculata Gahan, 1893 .

Describing Paragnia Gahan (1893) mentioned some important characteristics to identify the genus: apical cicatrix of antennal scape opened, antennomere III distinctly thickened, and mesoventral process with a feeble tubercle. With the description of a new Paragnia species, the genus needs to be redescribed.

Redescription. Mandibles black at apical half and reddish-brown at base ( Figs 7, 9 , 30 ). Head covered with an oblique yellow setal band strating below lower eye lobes and extending to posterior genal base ( Figs 7, 9 , 30 ). Antennomere III (except for base) moderately covered with dense short black setae; antennomeres V–X (except for apex) and antennomere XI with moderately dense short light-yellow setae; antennomeres V–X with sparse shortblack setae at apex ( Figs 1–6 , 24–25 , 27–29 ); antennomeres IV–XI with sparse semi-erect short brown setae. Prothorax with several erect long black setae dorsally and laterally. Elytra glossy and sparsely covered with semi-erect short black setae (each seta located in a sub-rounded puncture), dorsally with an oblique yellow setal band on the basal middle, a yellow setal mark (a band or several spots) on the basal 1/3 close to suture, and three irregular yellow setal spots from middle to apex: the first one located on center, the second located near the apical 1/4 and close to suture, and the third one located near the apical 1/8 and close to suture ( Figs 1, 4 , 24 , 27 ); side of each elytron covered with a yellow setal band at base, an irregular yellow setal spot on the basal 1/4, and three irregular yellow setal spots from middle to apex: the first one located on center, the second located near the apical 1/4, and the third located near the apical 1/8 ( Figs 3, 6 , 29 ). Hind wings brown ( Figs 11 , 26 , 32 ). Metaventrite, urosternites and legs sparsely covered with short grayish white setae ( Figs 2, 5 , 25 , 28 ); urosternites with several semi-erect brown and black setae.

Frons, genae and vertex strongly wrinkled and sparsely covered with rounded punctations; eyes coarsely faceted ( Figs 1, 4 , 7, 9 , 24 , 27 , 30 ); antennal tubercles strongly raised and close to each other, with dense fine punctations ( Figs 7, 9 , 30 ); antennae longer than body, scape slightly flat and gradually expanded from base to apex, apical cicatrix of scape open ( Figs 1, 4 , 24 , 27 ); antennomeres III–IV strongly thickened (except for base); antennomere III slightly curved towards inner side and more thickened than antennomere IV ( Figs 1, 4 , 24 , 27 ); vertex densely covered with fine punctations behind the upper lobe of eyes, with sparse fine punctations on the middle and on apex. Prothorax sub-cylindrical, expanded at lateral middle; disc wrinkled and with sparse fine punctations, slightly raised near basal middle ( Figs 8, 10 , 31 ); prosternal process narrow and distinctly lower than procoxae ( Figs 2, 5 , 25 , 28 ); procoxal cavities closed posteriorly and triangular externally. Scutellum lingulate and nearly glabrous. Elytra distinctly broader than prothorax basally, gradually tapered posteriorly and rounded apically; disc with coarse dense punctations on basal 2/3, punctations gradually sparser and smaller from base to apex ( Figs 1, 4 , 24 , 27 ).

Some veins of hind wings reduced, AA 3+4 and Cu fused at the apical 2/5; CuA 2, MP 4 and MP 3 dissociate, MP 4 longer than MP 3 and CuA 2, MP 3 longer than CuA 2; MP 3+4 short and dissociate; MS not reaching the margin ( Figs 11 , 26 , 32 ). Mesoventral process longitudinally raised at center, midcoxal cavities open externally to mesepimeron. Femora fusiform, apex of hind femora distinctly not reaching the urosternite V ( Figs 2, 5 , 25 , 28 ). Tarsi tetramerous.

Male terminalia. Tergite VIII transverse, sparsely covered with short brown setae dorsally, with several slightly long dark brown setae apically, and a median longitudinal glabrous region; tergite VIII sparsely covered with short brown setae at sides ventrally and with moderately dense short brown setae and sparse long brown setae apically ( Figs 12–13 , 33–34 ). Venter of sternite VIII sparsely covered with short brown setae at middle sides, with a piece of longitudinally glabrous section in middle ( Figs 13 , 34 ). Parameres sparsely covered with short thick brown setae laterally and several long thick brown setae at apex, venter of parameres with short sparse fine brown setae, slightly dense at basal insides; both parameres unequal in length, gradually tapered from base to apex, closed to each other and rounded apically, bases of parameres separated and only connected through a membrane; both struts of the anterior tegminal strut separated and only connected through a membrane ( Figs 17–19 , 38–40 ). Penis strongly curved in lateral view; dorsal plate shorter than ventral plate and rounded apically; ventral plate wider than dorsal plate near apex and rounded apically; dorsal struts about 0.5 time as long as entire penis and rounded apically ( Figs 20–22 , 41–43 ).

Diagnosis. When describing the genus, Gahan (1893) did not compared Paragnia with other genera. Rondon & Breuning (1970) provided a key to genera of Agniini (a junior synonym of Lamiini ), including Paragnia and other 48 genera. Although many characters were provided for Paragnia in the key, we thought only three characters are reliable to identify the genus: apical cicatrix of scape open, antennomere III distinctly longer than antennomere IV, and pronotum without lateral spines. A very important characteristic to recognize the genus was not mentioned in the key, antennomeres III–IV strongly thickened.

Paragnia is similar to Agniomorpha Breuning, 1935 (Lamiini) in body shape, color, genae with a pair of oblique yellow setal bands and elytra with yellow setal spots. Paragnia can be distinguished from Agniomorpha by antennomeres III–IV strongly thickened (not strongly in Agniomorpha ) and prothorax without lateral tubercles (with lateral tubercles in Agniomorpha ).

Range. China, India, Laos, Vietnam (new country record).

Figures

FIGURES 7–11. Paragnia fulvomaculata, male. 7, 9. Head, frontal view; 8, 10. prothorax, dorsal view; 11. right hind wing, dorsal view (A: anal, Cu: cubital, MP: medial posterior, MS: medial spur, r: radial, sr: spur); 7–8, 11 from Yunnan, China; 9–10 from Yên Bái, Vietnam. Scale bars: 2 mm.

FIGURES 30–32. Paragnia tiani sp. nov., holotype, male. 30. Head, frontal view; 31. prothorax, dorsal view; 32. right hind wing, dorsal view (A: anal, Cu: cubital, MP: medial posterior, MS: medial spur, r: radial). Scale bars: 2 mm.

FIGURES 1–6. Paragnia fulvomaculata, male. Habitus: 1, 4. dorsal view; 2, 5. ventral view; 3, 6. lateral view; 1–3 from Yunnan, China; 4–6 from Yên Bái, Vietnam. Scale bar: 5 mm.

FIGURES 23–26. Paragnia fulvomaculata, female. 23–25. Habitus: 23, 24. dorsal view; 25. ventral view; 26. left hind wing, dorsal view (A: anal, Cu: cubital, MP: medial posterior, MS: medial spur, r: radial); 23. holotype from Sikkim, India; 24–26 from Yunnan, China. Scale bars: a= 5 mm (to figures 24–25), b= 2 mm.

FIGURES 27–29. Paragnia tiani sp. nov., holotype, male. Habitus: 27. dorsal view; 28. ventral view; 29. lateral view. Scale bar: 5 mm.

FIGURES 12–22. Male terminalia of Paragnia fulvomaculata from Yunnan, China. 12–13. Tergite VIII and sternite VIII, 14–16. spiculum gastrale, 17–19. tegmen, 20–22. penis; 12, 14, 17, 20. dorsal view; 15, 18, 21. lateral view; 13, 16, 19, 22. ventral view. Scale bar: 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 33–43. Male terminalia of Paragnia tiani sp. nov. holotype. 33–34. Tergite VIII and sternite VIII, 35–37. spiculum gastrale, 38–40. tegmen, 41–43. penis; 33, 35, 38, 41. dorsal view; 36, 39, 42. lateral view; 34, 37, 40, 43. ventral view. Scale bar: 0.5 mm.