Herminium lanceum (Thunb. ex Sw.) Vuijk, Blumea 11: 228. 1961.

Raskoti, Bhakta Bahadur, Schuiteman, Andre, Jin, Wei-Tao & Jin, Xiao-Hua, 2017, A taxonomic revision of Herminium L. (Orchidoideae, Orchidaceae), PhytoKeys 79, pp. 1-74 : 23-26

28. Herminium lanceum (Thunb. ex Sw.) Vuijk, Blumea 11: 228. 1961. Figs 5E , 6F , 7Q , 8F , 9N , 11E

Spiranthes lancea (Thunb. ex Sw.) Bakh. f. & Steenis, Syn. Pl. 2: 507.1807.

Aceras angustifolium Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 18: t. 1525.1832. Type: NEPAL. Gossainthan, Wallich N, 7061 (Holotype: K-LINDL! [K000883991]; Isotype K! [K000881603]).

Aceras lanceum (Thunb. ex Sw.) Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 12.1840.

Aaceras longicrure C. Wright ex A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts, n.s. 6: 411.1859. Type: JAPAN. Katonasima, Wright C. s.n. (Holotype not located; a hitherto unnamed specimen in K-LINDL, Wright C., 338, from the Loo Choo Islands, may be an isotype).

Aceras angustifolium var. longicrure (C. Wright ex A. Gray) Miquel; Prolus. Fl. Jap. 139.1866.

Platanthera angustifolia (Lindl.) Rchb.f., Otia Bot. Hamburg. 1: 39.1878.

Herminium angustifolium (Lindl.) Ridl. in Forbes, Nat. Wand. East. Archip. 519. 1885.

Herminium angustifolium var. longicruris (C. Wright ex A. Gray) Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 10: 109. 1896.

Herminium altigenum Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih.12: 334. 1922. Type: CHINA, Tibet, Batang-Litang, Gambu gong ka, 4700 m, Limpricht W., 2327 (Holotype: BRSL; Isotype B, lost).

Herminium minutiflorum Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 19: 373. 1924. Type: CHINA, Lo-fou-shan, 1000 m, 9.1917, Levine C.O., 1479 (Holotype: B, lost).

Herminium stenostachyum Tang & F. T. Wang, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 7: 130. 1936. Type: CHINA. Yunnan, Sjemen, 5500 ft, Henry A., 13556 (Holotype: K! [K000079032]).

Herminium angustifolium var. nematolobum Handel-Mazzetti, Symb. Sin.7: 1332. 1936. Type: CHINA. Yunnan, Taiwah-se, 1916, Schoch 265 (Holotype: WU! [WU0061579]).

Monorchis angustifolia (Lindl.) O. Schwarz, Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Ges. 1: 95. 1949.

Monorchis minutiflora (Schltr.) O. Schwarz, Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Ges. 1: 95. 1949.

Herminium angustifolium var. brevilabre Tang & F. T. Wang, Acta Phytotax. Sin.1: 61.1951. Type: CHINA. Yunnan, Tsai H.T., 61889 (Holotype: PE).

Herminium longicrure (C. Wright ex A. Gray) Tang & F. T. Wang, Acta Phytotax. Sin.1: 61.1951, not Benth. & Hook. f. (1883).

Herminium lanceum var. longicrure (C. Wright ex A. Gray) H. Hara, J. Jap. Bot. 44: 60. 1969.

Basionym.

Ophrys lancea Thunb. ex Sw., Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl. 21:223. 1800.

Type.

INDONESIA. JAVA, Thunberg C. P., 21289 (Holotype: UPS!) .

Description.

Plant 10-66 cm tall. Tubers ovoid, globose or ellipsoid, 10-15 × 5-20 mm. Stem with two tubular sheaths at base and 2-5 leaves. Leaves alternate, linear-lanceolate, 0.5-2.5 × 0.4-1.5 cm, apex acuminate. Inflorescence 5-40 cm; peduncle cylindrical, with linear-lanceolate peduncle-scales 1-7 cm; rachis 5-35 cm, laxly many flowered; floral bracts lanceolate, 3-12 mm, equal or longer than ovary, apex acuminate. Flowers pale yellowish green, pedicel and ovary 4-10 mm, slightly beaked at apex. Dorsal sepal broadly ovate, concave, 2.2-4 × 1-1.5 mm, apex obtuse; lateral sepals ovate, oblique, 2-4 × 1-2 mm, apex acute. Petals connivent with dorsal sepals, linear, 2-4 × 0.5-1 mm, apex acute. Lip oblong, 4-8 × 1-2 mm, base dilated, 3-lobed near middle, lateral lobes linear, 3 × 0.3 mm; mid-lobe oblong, 1 × 0.3 mm, apex obtuse. Column 1.4 mm; pollinia globose; caudicles short, viscidia orbicular, rostellum triangular, stigma transversely oblong, situated below the rostellum. Capsule oblong, 1 cm long.

Flowering time.

June-October.

Habitat.

Terrestrial in pine forests and on grassy slopes at elevations of 700-3743 m (-4700 m: type of H. altigenum ), occasionally epiphytic on trunks of Quercus sp.

Distribution.

Bhutan, China, East Timor, India, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam.

Selected specimens examined.

CHINA: Fujian, Chong county , 2060 m, 11.08.1964, Jian et al., 400644 (PE) ; Gansu, Kang county, 1200 m, 18.08.1963, Zhang Z. Y., 16695 (PE); Choni Dist. , 3350 m, Purdom W., s.n. (K) ; Guangdong, Boro county, Luofushan , 1000 m, 17.08.1917, Levine C.O., s.n. (PE) ; Guangxi, Longping, Huaping forest 750 m, 25.08.1962, (collector not mention), Q13 (6) (PE) ; Guizhou, Zhenfeng county, Nongchang town, peak of Longshan , 1600 m, 30.07.1996, Luo Y.B, 118 (K, PE) ; Henan, Lushi county , 1000 m, 06.09.1935, Liou K. M., 5454 (PE) ; Hubei, Shengnongjia, forest region, Songyu commune, Nicha river , Silong temple, 2200 m, 02.09.1976, Shennongjia Team, 22845 (PE); without data, Henry A., 6421 (K); Changyang, Wilson E. H., 2236, 6202 (K); Ichang, Patung Dist. , Henry A., 856, 2042, 3912 (K) ; Hunan, Sangzhi county , 1500 m, 13.07.1958, Li H. J., 4098 (PE) ; Jiangxi, Dayu county , 1020 m, 19.06.1962, Yue et al., 1372 (PE) ; Shaanxi, Shanyang county , 1950 m, 31.08.1952, Wang Z. B., 16359 (PE) ; Sichuan, Nanchuan county, 1580 m, 01.08.1957, Li G., 63155 (PE); Yajiang county, 3220 m, 13.08.1960, Guan Z.T., 510358 (PE); Kikiang Hsien, 1050-1350 m, 11.06.1928, Fang W. P., 1332 (K); Taiwan, Tattaka, Musha Dist. , 2100 m, 09.07.1912, Price W. R., 763 (K); Urai, 30.03.1921, Price W. R., 320 (K) ; Tibet, Medog county, near Deergong, 1600 m, 20.08.1974, Qinghai-Tibet Team, 4436 (PE); Mainling, Namchabarwa NW slope, above Pei No. 4 village, 3400 m, 10.09.1989, Dickoré B, 4915 (K); Nyalam county , Lixin to Zhangmu, 2600 m, 12.10.1990, Li B.S and Li H., 14236 (PE); Zayu county , 2000 m, 09.09.1935, Wang Q. W., 66224 (PE) ; Yunnan, Dali (Ta-li) Hsien , 2400 m, 21.10.1937, Tsai H. T., 53894 (K); Talifou, 04.07.1882, Delavay J. M., s.n. (K); Ta-li Hsien, 2400 m, 21.10.1937, Tsai H. T., 53894 (K); Fugong county , 2555 m, 26.08.2005, Jin X. H., 7805 (PE); near Lichiang, 3400 m, 30.07.1914, Schneider C., 2061 (K); Menghai County, 1200 m, 15.09.1991, Tsi Z. H., 91-537 (K); NE of Tengyueh, 3050 m, 06.1912, Forrest G., 8364 (K) .

EAST TIMOR: Fatumasse, 05.1896, Newton F., s.n. (K).

INDIA: Darjeeling, 2280 m, 21.08.1870, Clarke C.B., (SIN); Uttarakhand, Kumaon, Budhi, Kali valley, 3743 m, 14.09.1900, Inayat, 14104 (K); Garwhal near the Kuari Pass, 3353-3658 m, 10.09.1885, Duthie J. F., 4424 (K); Rilam valley , 2743 m, 21.08.1884, Duthie J. F., 3413 (K) .

INDONESIA: Bali, Mt Agung , 1500-2000 m, 06.04.1936 (K) ; Java, Idjen, 1924, Franck C. W., 569 (P) ; Sumbawa, Mt Batulanteh , 300 m, 22.04.1961, Kostermans, 18388A (K) .

JAPAN: de ki, Koya San, 05.1888, SC, (P), Osumi, 08.1887, SC (P); Satsuma , Kawagiri , 07.1888, SC, (P), Hakodaté, 18.09.1993, Faurie U. J., 11018 (P), Hakone, 30.08.1871, Savatier P., 1318 (P); Nambu Prov. , 1865, Maximowicz C. J., s.n. (K); Tosa Prov. , 28.07.1888, Elwes H. J., s.n. (K); Nagasaki, 07.1862, Oldham R., 808, 848 (K); Ryukyu Islands , Wright C., 338 (K-LINDL); Yona, Kunigami-son, Okinawa-hontoo, 10.04.1974, Furuse M., 5534 (K) .

KOREA REPUBLIC: Ile Quelpaert, Hallaisan, 10.1907, Taquet E.J. 393 (P).

NEPAL: Gandaki, Lamjung District, Bahun Danda , 1500 m, 06.11.2001, Subedi A., Chaudhary R. P. and Shakya L. R., 820 (TUCH) ; Janakpur, Ramechhap District, Patkhare to Bhandar , 2200-2300 m, 05.08.1985, Ohba H., Kikuchi T., Wakabayanshi M., Suzuki M., Kurosaki N., Rajbhandari K. R. and Wu S. K., 8571357 (KATH) ; Koshi, Dhankuta District, Sidhuwa , 2270 m, 27.08.1989, Grey-Wilson C., Zmarzty S., Sinnott M., Long D., McBeath R., Noltie H., and Subedi M., 27 (KATH) ; Mechi, Ilam District, Hile-Chintapu , 2933 m, 07.10.1977, Pradhan P., Rajbhandari K. R., and Niraula R., 288 (KATH) .

PHILIPPINES: Luzon, Bontoc Subprovince, 1911, Vanoverbergh M, 1302 (K, P); Bontoc Subprovince, 13.07.1914, Vanoverbergh M, 623 (P); Benguet Subprovince , Pauai , 1911, Santos J. K., 31930 (K, P); Mt. Boadan , 6000ft, 25.09.1921, Ramos M. and Edano G. 71 (K, SIN) .

THAILAND: Chiengmai , 1900-2100 m, 17.08.1965, UNESCO Training Expedition, 1079 (SIN) . VIETNAM: Tokin, Chapa, 07.1928, Pételot P.A., 5161 (P); Lam Dong, Lac Duong, Bi Doup Mt. , HLF 5201 (LE), HLF 5282 (LE) .

Figures

Figure 5. Flowers of representive species of Herminium. A H. monorchis B H. latilabre C H. forceps D H. fallax E H. lanceum F H. edgeworthii G H. monophyllum H H. quinquelobum I H. pugioniforme.

Figure 6. Dorsal sepal of Herminium. A H. monorchis B H. chloranthum C H. pygmaeum D H. josephi E H. monophyllum F H. lanceum G H. macrophyllum H H. glossophyllum I H. coeloceras J H. fallax K H. handelii L H. elisabethae M H. himalayanum N H. clavigerum O H. quinquelobum P H. macrophyllum Q H. mannii R H. biporosum.

Figure 7. Lateral sepal of Herminium. A H. monorchis B H. chloranthum C H. pygmaeum D H. josephi E H. monophyllum F H. lanceum G H. macrophyllum H H. glossophyllum I H. coeloceras J H. fallax K H. gracile L H. elisabethae M H. himalayanum N H. clavigerum O H. quinquelobum P H. macrophyllum Q H. lanceum R H. biporosum.

Figure 8. Petal of Herminium. A H. monorchis B H. chloranthum C H. pygmaeum D H. josephi E H. monophyllum F H. lanceum G H. josephi H H. coiloglossum I H. coeloceras J H. fallax K H. himalayanum L H. elisabethae M H. alaschanicum N H. ophioglossoides O H. quinquelobum P H. macrophyllum Q H. ecalcaratum R H. biporosum

Figure 9. Lip of Herminium. A H. monorchis B H. chloranthum C H. pygmaeum D H. josephi E H. monophyllum F H. macrophyllum G H. macrophyllum H H. alaschanicum I H. coeloceras J H. fallax K H. longilobatum L H. elisabethae M H. alaschanicum N H. lanceum O H. quinquelobum P H. kamengense Q H. coiloglossum R H. biporosum.

Figure 11. Pollinia structure in Herminium. A H. josephi B H. macrophyllum C H. pygmaeum D H. handelii E H. lanceum F H. fallax G H. forceps H H. latilabre I H. coeloceras.