Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) frontalis ( Olivier, 1789 ) Gynandromorph

Villamizar, Germán, 2020, A new case of gynandromorphism in Xylocopa frontalis (Olivier) (Hymenoptera: Apidae), with an updated review of records in Xylocopinae Latreille, Revista Chilena de Entomología (Rev. Chil. Entomol.) 46 (2), pp. 189-200 : 191

Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) frontalis ( Olivier, 1789) Gynandromorph ( Figs. 1-6 )

Material examined. One gynander with the following label data: Colombia, Cundinamarca, Municipio Tena, Vereda Los Rosales , 1384 m alt; Captura Jama en culivo de Banano, Mar- 2010 Col R . Forero\ UNAB4310 . Deposited at the Museo Entomológico Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias , Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia ( UNAB) .

Morphological description. Approximated body length: 32 mm, head length: 8.8 mm, head width 7.5 mm, mesosoma width 10.6 mm, metasoma width 11.8 mm; forewing length 26.1 mm, hindwing length 7.8 mm. Head: Resembles that of female with some male traits on left basal half of clypeus, close to left lateral ocellus and above to ocelar carina. Integument predominantly black as in female except with an oval yellow macule on left basal half of clypeus close to epistomal suture. Pubescence mostly black with few yellowreddish hairs near to left lateral ocellus and above to left side of ocelar carina; simple and plumose hair inter mixed on paraocular areas (0.2–0.3x OD) and simple longer hairs on basal half of clypeus and lower genae (0.3–0.6x OD). Paraocular areas and clypeus with coarse and dense punctuation (1–2x puncture width), sparser and finer on vertex and genae; impunctate areas above to lateral ocelli. Epistomal suture carinate mainly on basal lateral margins where is pronounced; labrum with three basal protuberances, middle tubercle slightly longer; head broader than long (1.3: 1); upper and lower interocular distance equal (5.8 mm); middle interocular distance 6 mm; interalveolar distance 1.3 mm; alveolocular distance 1.8 mm; antennae with 11 flagellomeres (Length of scape, pedicel and three first flagellomeres 3.6: 0.4: 1: 0.4: 0.5); length of carina ocelar 2.4 mm. Mesosoma : Mostly as in female except with male features on left half of dorsum and posterior area. Integument and pubescence predominantly black female-like except left half of mesoscutellum, mesoscutum, metanotum and propodeum yellowish brown. Abundant plumose hairs on mesepisternum (0.2–0.3x OD) and glabrous towards disc of mesoscutum and anterior margin of mesoscutellum; hairs denser and longer on left half of dorsum and posterior area. Left half of propodeum expanded due the exocrine glands as in males and right half with part of the propodeal triangle commonly found in females. Fore and hind wings dark brown with greenish iridescence. Legs as in female, with black pubescence except ferrugineous on dorsal surface of fore tibia and basitibial plates with forked tips on hind tibiae. Metasoma: Overall female but with male traits on left side of T 2. Integument black female-like but with a yellowish brown area on left side of disc of T 2 near to apical margin of T 1. Pubescence mostly black and with few yellowish hairs on lateral sides of T 4 and T 5; long, decumbent, simple hairs grouped in tufts on lateral sides (0.3–0.5x OD) and glabrous on discs except simple hairs barely noticeable on yellowish area of T 2. Sparse and fine punctation on terga (0.4–0.6x OD) with large impunctate areas across apical margins except very dense on yellowish area of T 2 (0.1x OD). Ventral carina presented and conspicuous. Terminalia : Female-like, sting well developed; T 6 with the characteristic preapical spines found in females of X. (Neoxylocopa).

Figures

Figures 1-6. Gynander of Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) frontalis (Olivier, 1789) from Colombia, Cundinamarca, Tena.1. Head, frontal view.2. Metasoma, dorsal view.3. Mesosoma,dorsal view.4. Detail of propodeum, dorsal view.5. Dorsal habitus.6.Lateral habitus,rightside.Scale bars:5mm (Figs.1,2,3, 4); 10mm (Figs.5, 6).