Stigmacoccus garmilleri Foldi

Hodgson, Chris, Gamper, Heather, Bogo, Amauri & Watson, Gillian, 2007, A taxonomic review of the Margarodoid genus Stigmacoccus Hempel (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Stigmacoccidae), with some details on their biology, Zootaxa 1507, pp. 1-55 : 17-19

Stigmacoccus garmilleri Foldi

( Fig. 6 )

Material studied. PARATYPES: MEXICO, Chiapas, Huitepec, March 1992, on Quercus sp., R. Greenberg ( MNHN: 13006; USNM): 2/11 cysts + 1 late crawler ( USNM slide); 7 large cysts and 4 small cysts, each in good to poor condition.

Unmounted material. "Larva ... enclose dans un test dur, noirâtre trouvé sur les branches de chênes dans la même colonie que celle des femelles" ( Foldi, 1995).

Mounted material. Length: large 2–2.75 mm, small 1.37–2.13 mm.

Dorsum. Derm covered in abundant spines laterally and posteriorly, absent medially and anteriorly; each spine 16–40 ųm long, longest posteriorly, shortest on head, laterad to each thoracic spiracle and immediately around anal area. Also with 0–5 much shorter cone-like spines associated with each abdominal spiracle, each about 12 ųm tall. Setae: (i) hairs each 21–27 ųm long: sparse; (ii) hair-like setae, each about 25 ųm long: sparse; (iii) minute setae: setose setae about 3 ųm long; more spinose setae up to 6 ųm long; both types sparse.

Pores: (i) bilocular pores, each about 10 ųm wide and 12–13 ųm long; sparse throughout but mainly in intersegmental membranes on abdomen; and (ii) tubular pores, each 11–15 ųm long, 7–10 ųm wide; much more abundant than bilocular pores, sparsest in areas with spines, not restricted to intersegmental membranes on abdomen. Abdominal spiracles: large: outer atrium 50–54 ųm long, 35–42 ųm wide, with a double row of pores at distal end; central atrium 33–38 ųm long, 33–38 ųm wide; small: outer atrium 33–38 ųm long, 20–25 ųm wide, with 1 ring of about 7 large pores at distal end; central atrium 16–25 ųm long, 18 ųm wide; inner atrium of both with a sclerotised "plug-like" structure 12–15 ųm long. Anal area: (i) anal opening: large 110– 135 ųm wide, small 70–85 ųm wide; (ii) band of tubercle-like pores about 3–5 pores deep, outer diameter large 185–205, small 115–125 ųm; with abdominal spiracles VIII lying laterad to band of tubercles, each spiracle with 3–5 short cone-like spines; and (iii) a complex sclerotised band outside tubercles, outer diameter: large about 345–420 ųm; small 290–295 ųm; each outer sclerotised band appearing somewhat contorted, with 5–9 tubular pores and many setae; ring of bollard- or cone-like pores absent. Anal tube: (a) outer tube: large about 250–375 ųm long, about 50 ųm wide, small 125–170 ųm long and 33–35 ųm wide, and (b) distal ring of 8 finger-like extensions, large each 290–310 ųm long, small each 135–185 ųm long; distribution of pores on outer tube: large as in generic description but small with many fewer pores.

Venter. Distribution of spines similar to that on dorsum, but marginal band perhaps narrower on abdomen, and spines absent from head; pore and setal distribution similar. Antennae: outer measurements: large 26–40 ųm wide, small 16–25 ųm wide; both without setae or small pores on derm near margin. Clypeolabral shield: mostly missing, perhaps all of one size 350–390 ųm long; labium all missing or distorted. Thoracic spiracles: peritreme width: large 38–50 ųm wide, small 21–25 wide, peritreme length: large 30–35 ųm, with 2 rows of pores, totalling about 30 pores, small 15–18 ųm, with perhaps a single row of about 10–12 pores; length of muscle plate: large 140–180 ųm, small 90–100 ųm; each spiracle with about 10 cone-like spines + 0–4 small spinose setae.

Comment. The cyst of S. garmilleri differs most significantly from those of the other species seen during this study in having the wrinkled, sclerotised band around the outside of the anal complex (i.e., lying outside spiracles on abdominal segment VIII) not unlike that on the crawlers but larger. This band is absent on all other species.

The data given in Foldi (1995) appear to include both large and small cysts.

Figures

FIGURE 6. Cyst stage of Stigmacoccus garmilleri Foldi. For lettering, see Fig. 5.